March 2010 Volume 9 Number 3, pp 181 - 279
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EDITORIAL
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A SMALL WORLD FULL OF OPPORTUNITIES p181
doi:10.1038/nmat2720
Light-concentration effects in photonic nanostructures, reviewed in this
issue, promise new applications ranging from tumour therapy to catalysis
and enhanced solar cells.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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OUR CHOICE FROM THE RECENT LITERATURE p182
doi:10.1038/nmat2719
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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PHOTOVOLTAICS: MORE SOLAR CELLS FOR LESS pp183 - 184
Jia Zhu and Yi Cui
doi:10.1038/nmat2701
A solar-cell design based on silicon microwires achieves efficient
absorption of sunlight while using only 1% of the active material used
in conventional designs.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS: FERROMAGNETS STIRRED UP pp184 - 185
Markus G. Munzenberg
doi:10.1038/nmat2706
Conflicting observations of the speed at which various ferromagnetic
materials respond to an external femtosecond laser excitation have
generated considerable controversy. It is now shown that ferromagnets can
be divided in two categories, according to the values of specific
magnetic parameters.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
OXIDE SURFACES: SURFACE SCIENCE GOES INORGANIC pp185 - 187
Ulrike Diebold
doi:10.1038/nmat2708
A plethora of chemical tools is necessary for probing the surface
reconstruction of a complex metal oxide.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS: OSCILLATIONS IN THE RIBBONS pp187 - 188
Thomas Ihn
doi:10.1038/nmat2705
The observation of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in nanoribbons of Bi2Se3
opens the way for electronic transport experiments in nanoscale
three-dimensional topological insulators.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MULTIFERROICS: A WHIRLWIND OF OPPORTUNITIES pp188 - 190
Maxim Mostovoy
doi:10.1038/nmat2700
The formation of vortices in multiferroic hexagonal manganites, where
the sign of electric polarization changes six times around the vortex
core, points towards the origin of composite multiferroic domain walls.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MATERIAL WITNESS: WEB DESIGNERS p190
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/nmat2707
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEWS
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PLASMONICS FOR EXTREME LIGHT CONCENTRATION AND MANIPULATION pp193 - 204
Jon A. Schuller et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2630
Plasmonic structures are ideally suited to manipulate light on a scale
that is much smaller than the wavelength of the plasmon resonance. This
review discusses the applications arising from such extreme light
concentration, which range from photonic devices and photovoltaics to
localized thermal effects.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
PLASMONICS FOR IMPROVED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES pp205 - 213
Harry A. Atwater and Albert Polman
doi:10.1038/nmat2629
This review article surveys the potential of using plasmonic
nanostructures to enhance the absorption of photovoltaic devices. As a
result, the physical thickness of solar cells can be reduced, leading to
new photovoltaic-device designs.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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TRANSITION FROM A STRONG-YET-BRITTLE TO A STRONGER-AND-DUCTILE STATE BY
SIZE REDUCTION OF METALLIC GLASSES pp215 - 219
Dongchan Jang and Julia R. Greer
doi:10.1038/nmat2622
The mechanical properties of many materials are different on the nanoscale
than they are in the bulk. In the case of metallic glasses, nanometre-scale
samples show enhanced ductility. This tensile ductility has now been
quantified for samples with diameters down to 100 nm, where a new regime
of increased ductility during deformation is observed.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
GENERALITY OF SHEAR THICKENING IN DENSE SUSPENSIONS pp220 - 224
Eric Brown et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2627
In most suspensions viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. The
opposite effect, shear thickening, is a problem for industrial
applications. An understanding of how particle interactions in suspensions
influence shear thickening may lead to a solution of this problem through
the design of smart suspensions.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
AHARONOV-BOHM INTERFERENCE IN TOPOLOGICAL INSULATOR NANORIBBONS pp225 - 229
Hailin Peng et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2609
The existence of topological conducting surfaces on insulators has been
demonstrated by angular photoemission spectroscopy, but the number of
transport experiments on these systems have so far been scarce. Transport
evidence of topological surface states is now shown in Bi2Se3 nanoribbons
through the observation of Aharonov-Bohm oscillations.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
CURRENT-DRIVEN SPIN TORQUE INDUCED BY THE RASHBA EFFECT IN A FERROMAGNETIC
METAL LAYER pp230 - 234
Ioan Mihai Miron et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2613
Control of magnetization in ferromagnetic metals can be achieved through
the spin torque of currents of spin-polarized electrons, usually injected
externally. It is now shown that even without this spin-polarized
injection, a current can induce strong spin torques through the Rashba
effect. The efficiency of this process makes it a realistic candidate for
room-temperature spintronic applications.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MANY-BODY EFFECTS IN ELECTRONIC BANDGAPS OF CARBON NANOTUBES MEASURED BY
SCANNING TUNNELLING SPECTROSCOPY pp235 - 238
H. Lin et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2624
Why does the bandgap in semiconducting carbon nanotubes depend on the
way it is measured? It is now shown that the results obtained by scanning
tunnelling spectroscopy are usually influenced by screening, which
creates the discrepancy with optical measurements. The results highlight
the importance of many-body effects in the electronic properties of
carbon nanotubes.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
ENHANCED ABSORPTION AND CARRIER COLLECTION IN Si WIRE ARRAYS FOR
PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS pp239 - 244
Michael D. Kelzenberg et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2635
The use of silicon nanostructures in solar cells offers a number of
benefits, such as the fact they can be used on flexible substrates. A
silicon wire-array structure, containing reflecting nanoparticles for
enhanced absorption, is now shown to achieve 96% peak absorption
efficiency, capturing 85% of light with only 1% of the silicon used in
comparable commercial cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A HOMOLOGOUS SERIES OF STRUCTURES ON THE SURFACE OF SrTiO3(110) pp245 - 248
James A. Enterkin et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2636
Resolving the surface structure and chemistry of oxides such as strontium
titanate has so far proved difficult. Rings of six or eight corner-sharing
TiO4 tetrahedra and a homologous series of surface reconstructions for
SrTiO3(110) are now predicted.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
CHEMICALLY FIXED P-N HETEROJUNCTIONS FOR POLYMER ELECTRONICS BY MEANS OF
COVALENT B-F BOND FORMATION pp249 - 252
Corey V. Hoven et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2623
Creating p-n junctions using semiconducting polymers has proved to be
challenging because of difficulties in depositing semiconducting polymer
films. Now, by using a cationic conjugated-polymer electrolyte and a
neutral conjugated-polymer layer, devices with a fixed bilayer organic
p-n junction and fast response times have been fabricated.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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INSULATING INTERLOCKED FERROELECTRIC AND STRUCTURAL ANTIPHASE DOMAIN
WALLS IN MULTIFERROIC YMnO3 pp253 - 258
T. Choi et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2632
The ability to exert control over domains in multiferroic materials is
important in terms of the potential use of these materials. In the
multiferroic YMnO3, structural considerations lead to an unusual
cloverleaf pattern of ferroelectric domains, where the domain walls are
electrically insulating.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
EXPLAINING THE PARADOXICAL DIVERSITY OF ULTRAFAST LASER-INDUCED
DEMAGNETIZATION pp259 - 265
B. Koopmans et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2593
Demagnetization in metals occurs on very different timescales depending
on the material. It is now shown that electron-phonon-mediated spin
scattering describes the process of demagnetization well in every case,
and the differences in timescale are mainly determined by the ratio
between Curie temperature and the atomic magnetic moment.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
NANOPATTERNING Si(111) SURFACES AS A SELECTIVE SURFACE-CHEMISTRY ROUTE
pp266 - 271
David J. Michalak et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2611
The ability to control the surface chemistry of silicon is important for
microelectronic applications. Chemical species can now be stabilized on
Si(111) surfaces using a partially alkoxylated surface as a nanopatterning
template.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
MULTIMERIC SMALL INTERFERING RIBONUCLEIC ACID FOR HIGHLY EFFICIENT
SEQUENCE-SPECIFIC GENE SILENCING pp272 - 278
Hyejung Mok, Soo Hyeon Lee, Ji Won Park and Tae Gwan Park
doi:10.1038/nmat2626
Small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) is used to silence genes and
treat conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus. Safe and efficient
delivery, however, is proving problematic. A new class of biologically
active siRNA polyelectrolyte complexes based on chemically
self-crosslinked siRNA is presented, which shows greatly enhanced
gene-silencing efficiencies in vitro and in vivo without significantly
eliciting an immune response.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ERRATUM
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMAGING OF STRAIN IN A SINGLE ZnO NANOROD p279
Marcus C. Newton, Steven J. Leake, Ross Harder and Ian K. Robinson
doi:10.1038/nmat2702
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRIGENDUM
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SOLUTION-DEPOSITED SODIUM BETA-ALUMINA GATE DIELECTRICS FOR LOW-VOLTAGE
AND TRANSPARENT FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS p279
Bhola N. Pal, Bal Mukund Dhar, Kevin C. See and Howard E. Katz
doi:10.1038/nmat2709
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34642355&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=Njc2NDA2MTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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