August 2008 Volume 14 Number 8, pp 791 - 889
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EDITORIAL
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When less is not more pp791 - 792
Critics of experimentation in nonhuman primates have used a variety of arguments to defend their views. Yet some of those arguments can be used to advocate the use of these animals in biomedical research.
doi:10.1038/nm0808-791
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ty0Eh
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NEWS
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Mystery of preterm birth prompts search for better models p793
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0808-793a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Tz0Ei
One egg is best p793
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0808-793b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T10EV
Researchers see a need for speed in EU trial approvals p794
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/nm0808-794a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T20EW
Synonym swapping to make vaccines p794
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0808-794b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T30EX
Experts urge a more measured look at antioxidants p795
Stu Hutson
doi:10.1038/nm0808-795a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T40EY
National Cancer Institute helps businesses cross 'the valley of death' p795
Prashant Nair
doi:10.1038/nm0808-795b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T50EZ
A testing approach based on tiny doses still awaits big results p796
Amy Coombs
doi:10.1038/nm0808-796a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T60Ea
Massachusetts pours money into local life sciences research p796
Prashant Nair
doi:10.1038/nm0808-796b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T70Eb
Allergy genes flew the coop, according to evolutionary analysis p797
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0808-797a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2T80Ec
To know or not to know p797
Coco Ballantyne
doi:10.1038/nm0808-797b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UA0Em
News in brief pp798 - 799
doi:10.1038/nm0808-798
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UB0En
Straight talk with...Otmar Kloiber pp800 - 801
Representing some 8 million physicians from over 80 countries across the globe is no easy task, but Otmar Kloiber has handled this responsibility since 2005. As secretary general of the World Medical Association (WMA), Kloiber deals with a wide array of medical topics, ranging from drug-resistant tuberculosis to the ethics of organ transplantation. Founded shortly after World War II, the WMA is a voluntary consortium of national medical associations that fosters physician independence and promotes sound principles of medical care and ethics. Its widely recognized Declaration of Helsinki, an ethical framework designed to protect research subjects, just underwent a round of proposed edits to ensure better protection and greater rewards for research subjects. Kloiber explains the implications of these drafted changes, scheduled for final approval this fall, and the role of the WMA with Coco Ballantyne.
doi:10.1038/nm0808-800
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UC0Eo
A sporting chance pp802 - 805
This month, athletes from all over the world will gather in Beijing to compete for the gold. Some will win, some will lose and some will undoubtedly get injured. Cassandra Willyard explores the advances in biomedical research that might help get injured athletes back on the field faster in the future.
Cassandra Willyard
doi:10.1038/nm0808-802
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UD0Ep
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Beyond GINA p806
Paul R. Billings
doi:10.1038/nm0808-806
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UE0Eq
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BOOK REVIEW
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There will be fat p807
Matthias H Tschop reviews Rethinking Thin: The New Science of Weight Loss[mdash]and the Myths and Realities of DietingGina Kolata
doi:10.1038/nm0808-807
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UF0Er
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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M. tuberculosis passes the litmus test pp809 - 810
One of the body's key defenders against infection[mdash]the activated macrophage[mdash]engulfs bacteria and destroys them with an acid cocktail inside lysosomes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis seems to have evolved a strategy to cope with this threat (pages 849-854).
John D MacMicking
doi:10.1038/nm0808-809
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UG0Es
Putting pressure on pre-eclampsia pp810 - 812
Women with pre-eclampsia, a potentially deadly complication of pregnancy, produce agonistic autoantibodies against angiotensin receptor-1, a transmembrane protein that regulates blood pressure. Findings in mice suggest how these antibodies might help trigger the condition (pages 855-862)
Samir M Parikh and S Ananth Karumanchi
doi:10.1038/nm0808-810
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UH0Et
Predicting the future for people with lung cancer pp812 - 813
A large multicenter study shows that lung adenocarcinomas have messenger RNA expression signatures that greatly add to the use of clinical data in predicting an individual's survival (pages 822-827).
Yang Xie and John D Minna
doi:10.1038/nm0808-812
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UI0Eu
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Community corner p814
doi:10.1038/nm0808-814
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UJ0Ev
Research highlights pp816 - 817
doi:10.1038/nm0808-816
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UK0Ew
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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
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Effective induction of high-titer antibodies by viral vector vaccines pp819 - 821
A novel immunization strategy that involves prime-boost vaccination with a recombinant adenovirus-poxvirus vector can induce strong, antigen-specific antibody responses. Antibodies induced by this viral-vector platform against a Plasmodium antigen are effective in vivo and in vitro.
Simon J Draper et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1850
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UL0Ex
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UM0Ey
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ARTICLES
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Gene expression-based survival prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: a multi-site, blinded validation study pp822 - 827
Studies of gene expression in lung cancer have the potential to affect patient care, but the general applicability of the derived classifiers is unclear. David Beer and his colleagues now analyze more than 400 lung tumors from subjects at six institutions using eight different classifiers and show that the combination of molecular and clinical data best predicts patient survival.
Kerby Shedden et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1790
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UN0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UO0E1
Hepatocyte-specific ablation of Foxa2 alters bile acid homeostasis and results in endoplasmic reticulum stress pp828 - 836
The transcription factor Foxa2, which is key for the hepatic control of glucose metabolism, is now shown in this report to also be crucial for proper bile acid homestasis in the liver, as well as to be misregulated in human cholestatic diseases.
Irina M Bochkis et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1853
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UP0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UQ0E3
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LETTERS
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Amyloid-[beta] protein dimers isolated directly from Alzheimer's brains impair synaptic plasticity and memory pp837 - 842
The synaptotoxic A[beta] protein aggregates in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease. Dennis Selkoe and his colleagues identify the size of the A[beta] aggregate in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease that is responsible for the deficits of learning and memory that characterize the disease.
Ganesh M Shankar et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1782
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UR0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2US0E5
Reversal of learning deficits in a Tsc2+/- mouse model of tuberous sclerosis pp843 - 848
Tuberous sclerosis is a neurological disorder associated with seizures and cognitive dysfunction. Alcino Silva and his colleagues find that rapamycin, an inhibitor of the mTOR signaling pathway, can ameliorate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of the disease.
Dan Ehninger et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1788
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UT0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UU0E7
A membrane protein preserves intrabacterial pH in intraphagosomal Mycobacterium tuberculosis pp849 - 854
Acidification of the phagosome is a key mechanism thought to be used by macrophages against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The authors identify a previously undescribed gene that confers acid resistance to the bacterium and is essential for virulence.
Omar H Vandal et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1795
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UV0E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UW0EA
Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibodies induce pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice pp855 - 862
Direct proof that women with pre-eclampsia develop autoantibodies to the AT1 receptor, which explains the hypertension and other symptoms of the disease, is now provided. Additionally, blocking these autoantibodies or treating with losartin, a drug that targets the AT1 receptor, in a new mouse model of this condition helps ameliorate disease outcome.
Cissy C Zhou et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1856
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UX0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UY0EC
A tumor necrosis factor-[alpha]-mediated pathway promoting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease pp863 - 868
Polycystic kidney disease can be caused by germline mutations in the gene encoding PC2 followed by a second somatic 'hit' in the normal allele. Li and her colleagues now show that TNF-[alpha] can also act as a second hit and that disease progression can be blocked by anti-TNF-[alpha] treatment in an animal model.
Xiaogang Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nm1783
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2UZ0ED
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ua0EK
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TECHNICAL REPORTS
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Chip-NMR biosensor for detection and molecular analysis of cells pp869 - 874
Hakho Lee, Eric Sun, Donhee Ham and Ralph Weissleder
doi:10.1038/nm.1711
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ub0EL
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Uc0EM
Mouse embryonic stem cell-based functional assay to evaluate mutations in BRCA2 pp875 - 881
Sergey G Kuznetsov, Pentao Liu and Shyam K Sharan
doi:10.1038/nm.1719
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ud0EN
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ue0EO
Adenovirus-mediated gene expression imaging to directly detect sentinel lymph node metastasis of prostate cancer pp882 - 888
Jeremy B Burton et al.
doi:10.1038/nm.1727
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Uf0EP
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Ug0EQ
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CORRIGENDUM
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Corrigendum: Genomic signatures to guide the use of chemotherapeutics p889
Anil Potti et al.
doi:10.1038/nm0808-889
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emhl0Xztnp0HjT0B2Uh0ER
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