07 August 2008 Volume 454 Number 7205, pp667-804
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=====================================================================
SUMMER BOOKS
Sit back with our reviews of the best
science books of the summer. Geologist and writer
Ted Nield explains how the secrets of dinosaur
extinction are locked up in the rocks of the
Italian Apennines, geneticist Jan Witkowski asks
how political idealism trumped good science under
Stalin and biologist blogger PZ Myers uncovers the
tactics of creationists who still try in America.
For more reviews of the best science books
of summer click here.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2eC0Es
=====================================================================
Enjoy streaming videos featuring discussion,
analysis and interviews with leading scientists
as they share their discoveries.
Video streaming is easy to use, fast and in
full screen high quality resolution. The latest
Nature video focuses on the Antikythera Mechanism,
a clockwork device that could be used to predict
eclipses and the dates of the ancient Olympiads.
Nature will continue to provide you with groundbreaking
streaming videos on the biggest scientific projects
so access the online video streaming archive today!
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B1w50Ev
=====================================================================
----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
A level playing field? p667
Drug testing in sport aims to promote fair play, but the science
behind the tests needs to be more open.
doi:10.1038/454667a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aL0Ex
Clean hands, please p667
The Italian government needs to maintain a careful distance
from industry.
doi:10.1038/454667b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aM0Ey
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Ecology: Turf wars p670
doi:10.1038/454670a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aN0Ez
Astrophysics: First light p670
doi:10.1038/454670b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aO0E1
Ecology: Fungus hunters p670
doi:10.1038/454670c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aP0E2
Animal behaviour: Is he into her? p670
doi:10.1038/454670d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aQ0E3
Palaeoclimate: Quick start to a cold spell p670
doi:10.1038/454670e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aR0E4
Molecular biology: Going farther pp670-671
doi:10.1038/454670f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aS0E5
Animal behaviour: Love song p671
doi:10.1038/454671a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aT0E6
Cell biology: Starve and reproduce p671
doi:10.1038/454671b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aU0E7
Neurobiology: Baby blues p671
doi:10.1038/454671c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aV0E8
Geology: The end of flat Earth p671
doi:10.1038/454671d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aW0EA
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p671
Benny Freeman
doi:10.1038/454671e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aX0EB
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Death renews biosecurity debate p672
Microbiologist's suicide over anthrax case raises questions on
US regulations.
Amber Dance
doi:10.1038/454672a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aY0EC
Climate war games p673
Role-play negotiations test the outcomes of global warming.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/454673a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aZ0ED
Genetic fact-check for ageing story p674
Study probes geriatric gene pool.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/454674a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aa0EK
Snapshot: Earth rocks p675
Katrina Charles
doi:10.1038/454675a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ab0EL
Nerve cells made from elderly patient's skin cells p675
Reprogrammed cells may offer insight into neurodegenerative disease.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/454675b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ac0EM
'Virophage' suggests viruses are alive p677
Evidence of illness enhances case for life.
Helen Pearson
doi:10.1038/454677a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ad0EN
Lawsuit chips away at fish research p678
Court order may halt attempts to train sea bass.
Amber Dance
doi:10.1038/454678a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ae0EO
Stanford psychiatrist removed from drug study p679
doi:10.1038/454679a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2af0EP
Third failure for private rocket launch p679
doi:10.1038/454679b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ag0EQ
Canadian observatory sold to property developer p679
doi:10.1038/454679c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ah0ER
Researcher wins claim for accidental infection p679
doi:10.1038/454679d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ai0ES
Germany tinkers with university regulations p679
doi:10.1038/454679e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aj0ET
Rock art carves itself a niche online p679
doi:10.1038/454679f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ak0EU
----------------------
COLUMN
----------------------
PARTY OF ONE
Financial planning p680
An impasse over the budget and the impending presidential election
mean that US science spending will likely be frozen for months,
David Goldston reports.
doi:10.1038/454680a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2al0EV
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Neuroscience: Standard model pp682-685
Questions raised about the use of 'ALS mice' are prompting a broad
reappraisal of the way that drugs are tested in animal models of
neurodegenerative disease.
Jim Schnabel reports.
doi:10.1038/454682a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2am0EW
Interdisciplinary science: Harvard under review pp686-689
Harvard is embarking on an experiment to foster collaboration and
interdisciplinary research. Corie Lok looks at whether it can change
its culture and reinvent communities along the way.
doi:10.1038/454686a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2an0EX
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Small countries are unexpected winners in ERC grant tables p690
Friedrich Frischknecht
doi:10.1038/454690a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ao0EY
Human microbiome: hype or false modesty? p690
David R. Whitlock
doi:10.1038/454690b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ap0EZ
Human microbiome: take-home lesson on growth promoters? pp690-691
Didier Raoult
doi:10.1038/454690c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aq0Ea
Some alphabets easily beat Russian letter count p691
Mikhail S. Gelfand
doi:10.1038/454691a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ar0Eb
Medical Research Council values basic research p691
Leszek Borysiewicz
doi:10.1038/454691b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2as0Ec
Why does work on same mouse models give different results? p691
Padraic G. Fallon
doi:10.1038/454691c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2at0Ed
----------------------
COMMENTARY
----------------------
The science of doping pp692-693
The processes used to charge athletes with cheating are often based
on flawed statistics and flawed logic, says Donald A. Berry.
doi:10.1038/454692a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2au0Ee
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Powers of observation pp694-695
A perceptive history documents the many remarkable people who
envisioned, built and launched the Hubble Space Telescope,
explains Robert A. Brown.
Robert A. Brown reviews The Universe in a Mirror: The Saga of the
Hubble Space Telescope and the Visionaries Who Built It
by Robert Zimmerman
doi:10.1038/454694a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2av0Ef
Living Googles? pp695-696
Simon Baron-Cohen reviews Representing Autism: Culture, Narrative,
Fascination by Stuart Murray
doi:10.1038/454695a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2aw0Eg
Culture dish p696
doi:10.1038/454696a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ax0Eh
Visions of our far future pp696-697
Jon Turney reviews Year Million: Science at the Far Edge of Knowledge
doi:10.1038/454696b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ay0Ei
Q&A: Turning up the heat on sci-fi p698
The novel Hothouse is Brian Aldiss's extraordinary 1962 vision of
rampant global warming, set on a future stationary Earth with one
side permanently baked by the Sun. As the book is republished as a
Penguin Modern Classic, the 83-year-old author shares his thoughts
on science fiction and life with Nature.
Caspar Henderson reviews Hothouse by Brian Aldiss
doi:10.1038/454698a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2az0Ej
Hidden treasures: Padua's anatomy theatre p699
Alison Abbott finds that human dissections during the Renaissance
were rather respectable after all.
doi:10.1038/454699a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a10EW
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Earth science: Structuring the inner core pp701-702
Earth's rocky mantle and solid inner core are separated by the
2,300-kilometre-deep layer of molten iron that constitutes the
outer core. Yet the sluggish pattern of mantle convection creates
structure in the inner core.
John Lister
doi:10.1038/454701a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a20EX
Tuberculosis: Shrewd survival strategy pp702-703
Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates its virulence to cause
persistent but often subclinical infection. This strategy is
regulated in part by a feedback loop that controls the secretion
of a small subset of bacterial proteins.
Steven A. Porcelli
doi:10.1038/454702a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a30EY
Optics: Electronic eyeballs pp703-704
The ability to fabricate silicon optoelectronic devices on a curved
surface will lead to imaging systems with exceptional characteristics.
This innovative technology will find diverse applications.
Takao Someya
doi:10.1038/454703a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a40EZ
Pharmacology: Unready for action pp704-705
Boy scouts recognize that the key to success is to be prepared.
The same is true of molecules that bind to and open ion channels -
the least effective ones are slower to prepare the channel to be
ready for opening.
Joe Henry Steinbach
doi:10.1038/454704a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a50Ea
Materials science: Protein gels on the move pp705-706
Light-induced reactions enable three-dimensional objects to be
built from simple compounds. Proteins have been added to the list
of building blocks, and the resulting gels move in response to
environmental cues.
April M. Kloxin and Kristi S. Anseth
doi:10.1038/454705a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a60Eb
Alzheimer's disease: The latest suspect pp706-708
Many genetic mutations and several environmental factors
contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Yet another disease risk gene,
one that is involved in calcium regulation, has been added to the mix.
Rudolph E. Tanzi and Lars Bertram
doi:10.1038/454706a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a70Ec
50 & 100 Years Ago p707
doi:10.1038/454707a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2a80Ed
Nanotechnology: Diamonds are for tethers pp708-709
Modified diamond nanowires produce an electrical response on
binding to DNA. This gem of a discovery could pave the way to
robust biosensors that use electrical signals to detect molecules.
Robert J. Hamers
doi:10.1038/454708a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bA0En
Cell biology: A molecular age barrier pp709-710
A mother's instinct is to protect her children at any cost.
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae this 'maternal instinct'
comes at a high price -- accelerated ageing and premature death.
Matt Kaeberlein
doi:10.1038/454709a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bB0Eo
Palaeontology: Bite size p710
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/454710a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bC0Ep
----------------------
FEATURE
----------------------
Moving AHEAD with an international human epigenome project pp711-715
A plan to 'genomicize' epigenomics research and pave the way for
breakthroughs in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human
disease.
doi:10.1038/454711a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bD0Eq
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Secreted transcription factor controls Mycobacterium tuberculosis
virulence pp717-721
Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence is dependent on the secretion
system ESX-1. A newly discovered regulator protein termed EspR is
described, which positively regulates ESX-1 and is secreted itself,
thereby providing a negative feedback regulatory mechanism.
Sridharan Raghavan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07219
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bE0Er
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bF0Es
On the nature of partial agonism in the nicotinic receptor
superfamily p722
Ligand gated ion channels can be opened by both full and partial
agonists, though in the case of a partial agonist, the maximum
response is only a fraction of that evoked by a full agonist. The
mechanism underlying this pharmacological observation is investigated
and it is shown that cys loop receptors bound to partial agonists are
as efficient at opening as those that are bound to full agonists.
Instead, the diminished response results from a reduced ability to
adopt an intermediate (agonist bound but pre open) state.
Remigijus Lape, David Colquhoun & Lucia G. Sivilotti
doi:10.1038/nature07139
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bG0Et
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bH0Eu
A mechanism for asymmetric segregation of age during yeast budding p728
In budding yeast ageing factors are retained in the mother cell,
ensuring that the newly formed bud remains young. It is shown that a
septin dependent barrier forms in the nuclear envelope, which prevents
pre existing nuclear pores and other ageing factors from moving into
the newly formed bud. These results demonstrate the importance of the
nuclear envelope in ageing in yeast cells.
Zhanna Shcheprova, Sandro Baldi, Stephanie Buvelot Frei, Gaston Gonnet
& Yves Barral
doi:10.1038/nature07212
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bI0Ev
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bJ0Ew
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Clumps and streams in the local dark matter distribution
pp735-738
In cold dark matter cosmological models, structures form and grow by
merging of smaller units, previous simulations have shown that such
merging is incomplete as the inner cores of halos survive and orbit
as 'subhalos' within their hosts. This paper reports a simulation
that resolves such substructure in the very inner regions of the
Galactic halo. Hundreds of very concentrated dark matter clumps
survive near the solar circle, as well as numerous cold streams.
J. Diemand et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07153
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bK0Ex
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bL0Ey
Determination of the fermion pair size in a resonantly
interacting superfluid pp739-743
Microscopic properties of fermion pairs can be probed with
radio-frequency spectroscopy. But previous work was difficult to
interpret due to strong final-state interactions, which were not
well understood. A superfluid spin mixture in an ultracold atomic gas
in which such interactions have negligible influence is realized, and
it is found that the spectroscopic pair size is smaller than the
inter-particle spacing. These are the smallest pairs yet observed
for fermionic superfluids.
Christian H. Schunck, Yong-il Shin, Andre Schirotzek and Wolfgang Ketterle
doi:10.1038/nature07176
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bM0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bN0E1
Using photoemission spectroscopy to probe a strongly interacting Fermi
gas pp744-747
Recent experiments using ultracold Fermi gases have demonstrated a
phase transition to a superfluid state with strong inter-particle
interactions, but these interactions make it difficult to study the
behaviour of the atoms in the gas. A technique called photoemission
spectroscopy is used to enable a study of the pairing between the
atoms. This is of interest because the physics is related to that
of the high transition-temperature superconductors.
J. T. Stewart, J. P. Gaebler and D. S. Jin
doi:10.1038/nature07172
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bO0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bP0E3
A hemispherical electronic eye camera based on compressible silicon
optoelectronics pp748-753
This paper reports on an electronic eye-like camera based on
single-crystal silicon that makes use of two ingenious fabrication
steps; first, optoelectronic circuits at waver-scale in unusual,
two-dimensionally compressible configurations are constructed and
second, suitable elastomeric elements to transfer these planar layouts
into hemispherical geometries are designed. It is expected that the
strategy provides practical routes for integrating well planar device
technologies onto the surfaces of complex curvilinear objects.
Heung Cho Ko et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07113
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bQ0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bR0E5
Rapid change in drift of the Australian plate records collision with
Ontong Java plateau pp754-757
Geochronological data on hotspot volcanoes in eastern Australia are
presented, which reveal a strong link between collision of the plateau
with the Melanesian arc and motion of the Australian plate. The timing
and brevity of this collisional event correlate well with offsets in
hotspot seamount tracks in the Pacific, including the archetypal
Hawaiian chain, and thus provide strong evidence that immense oceanic
plateaus can contribute to initiating rapid change in plate boundaries
and motions on a global scale.
Kurt M. Knesel, Benjamin E. Cohen, Paulo M. Vasconcelos and David S. Thiede
doi:10.1038/nature07138
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bS0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bT0E7
Thermochemical flows couple the Earth's inner core growth to mantle
heterogeneity pp758-761
Seismic waves sampling the top 100 km of the Earth's inner core have
revealed that the eastern hemisphere is seismically faster, more
isotropic and more attenuating than the western hemisphere. It is
now shown that a single model of thermo-chemical convection and dynamo
action can account for all these effects by producing a large-scale,
long-term outer core flow that couples the heterogeneity of the
inner core with that of the lower mantle.
Julien Aubert, Hagay Amit, Gauthier Hulot and Peter Olson
doi:10.1038/nature07109
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bU0E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bV0EA
Escape from adaptive conflict after duplication in an anthocyanin
pathway gene p762
New genes often evolve when one gene is duplicated, and one or both of
the copies evolve new functions. Many studies have explored the
mechanism behind this evolution, primarily thought to be the processes
of neo-functionalization and escape from adaptive conflict. This paper
proposes tests to distinguish between these two processes and argues
that the latter has occurred much more often than previously thought.
David L. Des Marais & Mark D. Rausher
doi:10.1038/nature07092
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bW0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bX0EC
Genome-scale DNA methylation maps of pluripotent and differentiated
cells p766
Genome scale DNA methylation profiles have been generated at
nucleotide resolution in mammalian cells using a combination of high
throughput bisulphite sequencing and single molecule based sequencing.
The DNA methylation maps cover the vast majority of CpG islands, as
well as several other genomic regions, in murine embryonic stem cells,
cells derived from ES cells and various primary cells.
Alexander Meissner et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07107
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bY0ED
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bZ0EE
cAMP signalling in mushroom bodies modulates temperature preference
behaviour in Drosophila p771
This study shows that mushroom bodies in Drosophila brains also have
a role in temperature preference behaviour. When cAMP dependent kinase
activity in mushroom body neurons is artificially lowered, the
Drosophila cannot find their desired temperature properly. When it is
increased, they prefer higher temperatures. The study adds a classic
homeostatic process to the mushroom bodies' list of functions.
Sung-Tae Hong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07090
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2ba0EL
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bb0EM
Essential roles of PI(3)K–p110beta in cell growth, metabolism and
tumorigenesis p776
p110-beta is a member of the PI(3) kinase family. The p110-alpha
isoform has been implicated in growth factor and insulin signalling,
as well as in tumourigenesis. Now the analysis of mutant mice shows a
major role for p110-beta in the regulation of insulin dependent
metabolic changes and in tumour formation.
Shidong Jia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07091
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bc0EN
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bd0EO
MicroRNAs expressed by herpes simplex virus 1 during latent infection
regulate viral mRNAs p780
Herpes viruses maintain life long latent infection. This paper
provides evidence suggesting that latency is in part mediated by micro
RNAs derived from the viral LAT gene, which are thought to downregulate
key viral immediate early proteins.
Jennifer Lin Umbach, Martha F. Kramer, Igor Jurak,
Heather W. Karnowski, Donald M. Coen & Bryan R. Cullen
doi:10.1038/nature07103
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2be0EP
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bf0EQ
Minimally invasive high-speed imaging of sarcomere contractile
dynamics in mice and humans p784
This paper describes the use of optical microendoscopy to visualize
sarcomeres and their micron scale motions in live mice and humans,
revealing unanticipated local variations in sarcomere lengths. Imaging
of human sarcomeres is expected to enable advances in biomechanical
modelling, orthopedic therapeutics, and the understanding and
treatment of neuromuscular disorders
Michael E. Llewellyn, Robert P. J. Barretto, Scott L. Delp
& Mark J. Schnitzer
doi:10.1038/nature07104
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bg0ER
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bh0ES
Crystal structure of the neurotrophin-3 and p75NTR symmetrical complex p789
A crystal structure of neurotrophin 3 (NT 3) complexed to the
ectodomain of a glycosylated neurotrophin receptor p75NTR, together
with biochemical experiments, reveals that NT 3 forms a central
homodimer around which two p75NTR molecules bind symmetrically,
resulting in 2:2 ligand–receptor stoichiometry.
Yong Gong, Peng Cao, Hong-jun Yu & Tao Jiang
doi:10.1038/nature07089
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bi0ET
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bj0EU
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CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Dissecting direct reprogramming through integrative genomic analysis
p794
Tarjei S. Mikkelsen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07196
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bk0EV
----------------------
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
----------------------
Epigenomics: Detailed analysis pp795-798
Researchers now have access to a burgeoning collection of tools for
unravelling the epigenome, which could lead to new drug targets
and ways to track disease. Laura Bonetta reports.
doi:10.1038/454795a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bl0EW
Epigenomics: Tackling the epigenome p795
doi:10.1038/454795b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bm0EX
Epigenomics: Tools of the trade p796
doi:10.1038/454796a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bn0EY
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects p801
Statistical analyses raise questions over NIH grant reviews.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7205-801a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bo0EZ
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Freedom fighter p804
To reclaim the planet.
rpg
doi:10.1038/454804a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bp0Ea
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
06 August 2008
Letters
Earliest date for milk use in the Near East and southeastern Europe
linked to cattle herding
Richard P. Evershed et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07180
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bq0Eb
Neurogenin 2 controls cortical neuron migration through regulation
of Rnd2
Julian Ik-Tsen Heng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07198
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2br0Ec
RNA interference screen for human genes associated with West Nile
virus infection
Manoj N. Krishnan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07207
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bs0Ed
The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus
Bernard La Scola et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07218
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bt0Ee
Prolyl 4-hydroxylation regulates Argonaute 2 stability
Hank H. Qi, Pat P. Ongusaha, Johanna Myllyharju, Dongmei Cheng,
Outi Pakkanen, Yujiang Shi, Sam W. Lee, Junmin Peng & Yang Shi
doi:10.1038/nature07186
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B2bu0Ef
=====================================================================
Journal of Perinatology presents
'Substance abuse treatment linked with prenatal
visits improves prenatal outcomes: a new standard'
An Early Start may mean a healthy beginning.
Introducing a new standard to healthy neonatal
development through early treatment programs.
Read the latest study online from Journal of
Perinatology.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emmm0Xztnp0HjB0B16K0EE
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