March 2010 Volume 7 Number 3
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Web Focus: Biologic therapies for IBD
In the February issue of Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology,
leaders in the field provide an update on the current status of biologic
therapies for IBD and set the stage for developments in the near and distant
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therapeutic rationale and requisite evidence, safety, pharmacoeconomics
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EDITORIAL
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Devolving therapeutic pyramids
Stephen B. Hanauer
p119 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.10
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Motility: Cell therapy shows promise for women with anal incontinence
caused by obstetric trauma
p121 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.13
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Motility: Colon motor function varies in chronic constipation
p122 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.15
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IN BRIEF
Cancer | IBS | Complementary and alternative therapies | Liver transplantation
p122 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.8
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Hepatocellular carcinoma: Long-term outcomes in patients with HCC after
radioembolization
p123 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.11
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New ulcerative colitis treatment
p123 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.14
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Gastrointestinal bleeding: Aspirin may reduce mortality in patients with
peptic ulcer bleeding
p123 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.16
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Obesity: Blocking serotonin receptor 3 prevents glucose-induced obesity
in mice
p124 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.12
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Esophagus: Eosinophilic esophagitis-mast cells, B cells and IgE
production
p124 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.17
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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GERD: Increased gastric acid secretion as a possible cause of GERD
Jerry D. Gardner
p125 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2009.240
Many experts maintain that GERD is caused by dysfunction of the
gastroesophageal barrier and that gastric acid secretion is not the primary
underlying defect. By contrast, a recent study by Reimer and colleagues
raises the possibility that increased gastric acid secretion is an important
cause of GERD.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Crohn's disease: Bacterial clearance in Crohn's disease pathogenesis
Francesca Fava and Silvio Danese
p126 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.1
Evidence from a recent study strongly implicates innate immunity in the
etiology of Crohn's disease, with particular focus on impaired secretion
of cytokines and chemokines by intestinal macrophages in response to
bacterial stimuli. These findings highlight the importance of acute
inflammatory responses in the first stages of disease pathogenesis.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Imaging: NBI-detection and differentiation of colonic lesions
Teaco Kuiper and Evelien Dekker
p128 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.9
Narrow-band imaging (NBI) is a new imaging modality that may improve the
effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance and screening. Two recent studies
have compared NBI with white light endoscopy; one study demonstrated no
difference in adenoma detection rate between the two imaging modalities,
the other study demonstrated improved differentiation of lesions with NBI
compared with white light endoscopy.
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REVIEWS
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The role of alcohol and smoking in pancreatitis
Dhiraj Yadav and David C. Whitcomb
Published online: 02 February 2010
p131 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.6
Chronic alcohol use has been linked to pancreatitis for over a century,
but its role in the disease has only been recently elucidated. This Review
focuses on what is known from animal models and association studies conducted
in humans about the relationship between alcohol consumption, smoking,
and chronic pancreatitis. The authors discuss the incidence, pathogenesis
and etiology of pancreatitis as well as mechanisms of disease.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Gastrointestinal eosinophils in health, disease and functional disorders
Nicholas Powell, Marjorie M. Walker and Nicholas J. Talley
Published online: 02 February 2010
p146 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.5
Eosinophils are potent innate immune cells that are numerous in the
gastrointestinal tract in health and disease. This Review discusses the
role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders of the
gastrointestinal tract, including primary eosinophilic gastrointestinal
disorders, common functional conditions (such as dyspepsia), and
gastrointestinal disorders in patients with allergic disease.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Mortality in celiac disease
Federico Biagi and Gino R. Corazza
Published online: 02 February 2010
p158 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.2
Although the prevalence rates of celiac disease tend to be very similar in
different Western populations, mortality rates for this disease vary
widely. This Review focuses on the mortality rates for the different forms
of celiac disease and potential protective factors, such as adherence to
a gluten-free diet, early diagnosis and severity of clinical presentation.
The authors also propose a hypothesis that links mortality rates to the
amount of gluten consumed not only after but also before the diagnosis
of celiac disease.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune
interactions
Lena Ohman and Magnus Simren
Published online: 26 January 2010
p163 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.4
IBS is thought to be caused by dysfunctions in the gut-brain axis. Low-grade
inflammation and immunological alterations may underlie disease symptoms.
The authors discuss evidence for a role of innate and adaptive immunity
in IBS and the mechanisms by which the immune and neural systems interact
in the generation of symptoms.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Rash induced by anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in an adolescent with
Crohn's disease
Laurie S. Conklin, Bernard Cohen, Lindsay Wilson, Carmen Cuffari and
Maria Oliva-Hemker
p174 | doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2010.7
This article considers the case of a 17-year-old adolescent with a history
of Crohn's disease who was receiving infliximab and presented with a
new-onset rash. The rash did not resolve with corticosteroid treatment
and worsened after further treatment with infliximab and also after
subsequent administration of adalimumab. He was diagnosed as having an
anti-TNF agent induced psoriasiform rash. The rash resolved after
discontinuation of anti-TNF agents and his rash has not recurred during
3 years of follow-up.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=34678750&r=MTc2OTYyOTQ2MwS2&b=2&j=NjgzNzk4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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