Mol. Biol. Cell Table of Contents for 15 February 2010; Vol. 21, No. 4

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A new issue of Molecular Biology of the Cell is available online:

15 February 2010; Vol. 21, No. 4

The below Table of Contents is available online at: http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/vol21/issue4/?etoc

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Retrospective

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Remembrance of Dead Cells Past: Discovering That the Extracellular Matrix Is a Cell Survival Factor

Martin A. Schwartz

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Cell Cycle

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Autophosphorylation of Polo-like Kinase 4 and Its Role in Centriole Duplication

James E. Sillibourne, Frederik Tack, Nele Vloemans, An Boeckx, Sathiesan Thambirajah, Pascal Bonnet, Frans C.S. Ramaekers, Michel Bornens, and Thierry Grand-Perret

PLK4 is a key regulator of centriole duplication. Here, we show that PLK4 is active beyond the initiation of centriole duplication with the abundance of active kinase increasing to a peak in mitosis. Importantly, we show that differences in PLK4 abundance exist between mother and daughter centrioles and that active PLK4 is restricted to the centrosome.

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Cell Motility

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GRASP and IPCEF Promote ARF-to-Rac Signaling and Cell Migration by Coordinating the Association of ARNO/cytohesin 2 with Dock180

David T. White, Katie M. McShea, Myriam A. Attar, and Lorraine C. Santy

The ARF-GEF ARNO promotes motility by activating ARF6 and a subsequent downstream activation of Rac. ARNO is shown to associate with the Rac GEF Dock180 via its coiled-coil domain. Knockdown of scaffold proteins that bind ARNO disrupts the formation of this complex and disrupts ARF-to-Rac signaling.

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Membrane Trafficking

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Interplay between ER Exit Code and Domain Conformation in CFTR Misprocessing and Rescue

Gargi Roy, Elaine M. Chalfin, Anita Saxena, and Xiaodong Wang

Impaired conformation underlies CFTR misprocessing in cystic fibrosis. Defective conformation interferes with ER export and post-ER stability. In F508 CFTR, low temperature or R555K improves both through a global conformational reversion. The interplay between the ER exit code and domain conformation governs CFTR misprocessing and rescue.

Live-Cell Imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans Reveals the Distinct Roles of Dynamin Self-Assembly and Guanosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis in the Removal of Apoptotic Cells

Bin He, Xiaomeng Yu, Moran Margolis, Xianghua Liu, Xiaohong Leng, Yael Etzion, Fei Zheng, Nan Lu, Florante A. Quiocho, Dganit Danino, and Zheng Zhou

During cell corpse removal, dynamin's self-assembly and GTP hydrolysis activities establish a precise dynamic control of DYN-1's transient association to its target membranes. Dynamin's dynamic membrane association controls the mechanism that underlies the recruitment of downstream effectors, such as small GTPases RAB-5 and RAB-7, to target membranes.

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Nuclear Functions

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Two Isoforms of Npap60 (Nup50) Differentially Regulate Nuclear Protein Import

Yutaka Ogawa, Yoichi Miyamoto, Munehiro Asally, Masahiro Oka, Yoshinari Yasuda, and Yoshihiro Yoneda

Npap60 (Nup50) is a nucleoporin that binds directly to importin . In humans, there are two Npap60 isoforms: the long (Npap60L) and short (Npap60S) forms. Our results demonstrate that Npap60S stabilizes the binding of importin to classical NLS-cargo, whereas Npap60L promotes the release of NLS-cargo from importin .

Regulation of tRNA Bidirectional Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Trafficking in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Athulaprabha Murthi, Hussam H. Shaheen, Hsiao-Yun Huang, Melanie A. Preston, Tsung-Po Lai, Eric M. Phizicky, and Anita K. Hopper

tRNAs traffic between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in response to nutrient availability. Using a new assay to track tRNA within cells, we show that tRNA nuclear import is constitutive, whereas tRNA reexport to the cytoplasm is regulated. Msn5 functions only in tRNA re-export, whereas Los1 functions in both the primary and reexport steps.

Son Is Essential for Nuclear Speckle Organization and Cell Cycle Progression

Alok Sharma, Hideaki Takata, Kei-ichi Shibahara, Athanasios Bubulya, and Paula A. Bubulya

Son is a large insoluble nuclear speckle protein that is required for appropriate nuclear speckle organization and cell cycle progression through mitosis. A region of unique repeat motifs in Son is the key domain necessary to mediate the proper localization of pre-mRNA processing factors and other nuclear speckle constituents.

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Signaling

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Phosphoprotein Enriched in Astrocytes 15 kDa (PEA-15) Reprograms Growth Factor Signaling by Inhibiting Threonine Phosphorylation of Fibroblast Receptor Substrate 2

Jacob R. Haling, Fen Wang, and Mark H. Ginsberg

Changes in expression of PEA-15 contribute to diabetes, tumor invasion, and cellular senescence. PEA-15 increases activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway; the present study shows that it does so by interfering with ERK1/2 phosphorylation of FRS2, terminator of downstream signaling from FGF receptors.

The Cell Surface Protein Gene ecm33⁺ Is a Target of the Two Transcription Factors Atf1 and Mbx1 and Negatively Regulates Pmk1 MAPK Cell Integrity Signaling in Fission Yeast

Hirofumi Takada, Aiko Nishida, Mitsuhiro Domae, Ayako Kita, Yuki Yamano, Atsushi Uchida, Shunji Ishiwata, Yue Fang, Xin Zhou, Takashi Masuko, Mitsuhiro Kinoshita, Kazuaki Kakehi, and Reiko Sugiura

We identified and characterized ecm33⁺, which encodes a GPI-anchored cell surface protein as a transcriptional target of Atf1 and Mbx1. Here, we show that Ecm33 is involved in the negative regulation of Pmk1 MAPK signaling and demonstrates real-time monitoring of the activation of the cell integrity MAPK signaling pathway.

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