January 2010 Volume 12 Number 1, pp 1 - 99
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The protein encoded by TP53 - one of the most commonly mutated tumour suppressor genes in human cancer - regulates many important biological activities and is itself regulated through post-translational modifications that are induced by sensors of cell stress.
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EDITORIALS
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Building consensus p1
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-1a
A group of Golgi researchers tackle controversies in the field head-on
and emerge with a blueprint for future research.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Advising the government p1
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-1b
The dismissal of a senior science advisor in the UK has lead to a debate
on the role of expert advice in crafting public policy.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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TURNING POINTS
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Accidental encounters: the chance to solve a mystery p2
Masatoshi Takeichi
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-2
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Two Rabs for exosome release pp3 - 4
Suzanne R. Pfeffer
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-3
Exosomes are endosome-derived membrane vesicles that are key for
intercellular communication in the immune system and elsewhere.
Rab27A and Rab27B GTPases and two of their cognate effector proteins
seem to be needed to drive the physiologically important exosome-release
process in certain cell types.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Tensions divide pp5 - 7
Adam C. Martin and Eric F. Wieschaus
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-5
During development, proliferating cells are organized into compartments
with boundaries across which cells fail to intermix. Compartment
boundaries are often attributed to differential cell-cell adhesion
between separate compartments. However, tension generated by actomyosin
cables at boundaries can also function as a barrier that prevents cell mixing.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Myc and a Cdk2 senescence switch pp7 - 9
Jan van Riggelen and Dean W. Felsher
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-7
Cdk2 has been shown to have an unanticipated role in suppressing
Myc-induced senescence. This has implications for how c-Myc overcomes
failsafe mechanisms to induce tumorigenesis and suggests that the
inhibition of Cdk2 may have therapeutic efficacy in the treatment
of cancer.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Research highlights p10
doi:10.1038/ncb0110-10
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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GM1 structure determines SV40-induced membrane invagination and infection
pp11 - 18
Helge Ewers et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1999
It is unclear whether viral particles can induce membrane curvature.
Binding of Simian virus 40 (SV40) to the GM1 ganglioside on host plasma
membranes leads to membrane curvature and the formation of invaginations
in cells and in giant unilamellar vesicles, an effect required for viral infection.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Rab27a and Rab27b control different steps of the exosome secretion pathway
pp19 - 30
Matias Ostrowski et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2000
Exosome biogenesis is poorly understood. The small GTPases Rab27a and
Rab27b and their effectors, Slp4 and Slac2b, control exosome secretion
at different steps by regulating the peripheral localization, retention
and docking of exosomal precursors, the multivesicular endosomes.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=13&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Orphan nuclear receptor TLX activates Wnt/beta-catenin signalling
to stimulate neural stem cell proliferation and self-renewal pp31 - 40
Qiuhao Qu et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2001
The Wnt/b-catenin pathway controls proliferation and self-renewal of
mouse adult neural stem cells, and the nuclear receptor TLX is shown
to activate this pathway by inducing expression of Wnt7. Thus, neural
stem cells promote their own self-renewal by secreting signalling
molecules that act in an autocrine and paracrine mode.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Sec24b selectively sorts Vangl2 to regulate planar cell polarity during
neural tube closure pp41 - 46
Janna Merte et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2002
Mouse mutants for Sec24b, a component of COPII-coated ER-to-Golgi vesicles,
have defects in convergent extension, neural tube closure and other
phenotypes related to planar cell polarity (PCP). The PCP component
Vangl2 is sorted by Sec24b, and Vangl2 mutants defective in convergent
extension do not exit the ER.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
A role for Rho GTPases and cell-cell adhesion in single-cell motility
in vivo pp47 - 53
Elena Kardash et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2003
During germ-cell migration in the zebrafish embryo, Rac1 and RhoA are
activated at the cell front where they control formation of actin
structures and retrograde flow, respectively. This is imperative for
the control of E-cadherin-mediated traction forces that drive single
cell migration.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cdk2 suppresses cellular senescence induced by the c-myc oncogene
pp54 - 59
Stefano Campaner et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2004
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2) is surprisingly found to suppress
senescence induced by the Myc oncogene in various cell types.
Inactivation or deletion of cdk2 sensitizes mouse embryonic fibroblasts
to Myc-induced senescence via a mechanism requiring pRb and p53.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
An actomyosin-based barrier inhibits cell mixing at compartmental
boundaries in Drosophila embryos pp60 - 65
Bruno Monier, Anne Pelissier-Monier, Andrea H. Brand and Benedicte Sanson
doi:10.1038/ncb2005
The molecular and cellular mechanisms that keep cells apart at compartment
boundaries remain unclear. In early Drosophila embryos, cells transiently
invade neighbouring compartments, but an actomyosin-based barrier formed
of cable-like structures pushes them back into their compartment of
origin, in mitotically active epidermis.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
A bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase IpaH9.8 targets NEMO/IKKgamma to
dampen the host NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response pp66 - 73
Hiroshi Ashida et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2006
Shigella infection can lead to stimulation of the NF-kappaB pathway.
IpaH9.8, a Shigella effector with ubiquitin ligase activity polyubiquitylates
NEMO, a key regulator of NF-kappaB activation, leading to its degradation
and subsequent impairment of NF-kappaB activation.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Defects in DNA ligase I trigger PCNA ubiquitylation at Lys 107 pp74 - 79
Sapna Das-Bradoo et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2007
DNA ligase I links newly synthesized DNA fragments. DNA ligase I deficiency
causes ubiquitylation of PCNA in yeast and human by the E2 variant Mms26,
Ubc47 and the E3 Rad5, which is required for activation of the DNA damage
response and cell viability.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
HERC2 coordinates ubiquitin-dependent assembly of DNA repair factors
on damaged chromosomes pp80 - 86
Simon Bekker-Jensen et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2008
HERC2 regulates the retention of repair proteins 53BP1, RAP80 and BRCA1
on damaged chromosomes in response to ionizing radiation by forming a
complex with the ubiquitin ligases RNF8 and RNF168. Hecr2 deficiency
leads to radiosensitivity.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Carbonic anhydrases are upstream regulators of CO2-controlled stomatal
movements in guard cells pp87 - 93
Honghong Hu et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb2009
In response to CO2, leaves close their stomatal pores but the CO2-binding
proteins and the cell type responsible for this effect have not been
identified. Expression of beta-carbonic anhydrase in guard cells
modulates the CO2-mediated regulation of stomatal movements.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Maintenance of a constitutive heterochromatin domain in vertebrates
by a Dicer-dependent mechanism pp94 - 99
Keith E. Giles, Rodolfo Ghirlando and Gary Felsenfeld
doi:10.1038/ncb2010
Small RNAs are known to induce heterochromatin formation in various
organisms. RNA-dependent mechanisms are shown to be required for the
formation of a constitutive heterochromatin structure in the chick.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34508741&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NjI4NzkwNjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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