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World Stem Cell Summit 2010

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

Nature 8 October 2009 Volume 461 Number 7265 pp697-836

NATURE

8 October 2009 Volume 461 Number 7265, pp 697 - 836

Visit Nature online to browse the journal.

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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
The Kavli Prize is accepting nominations September 1 - December 15,
2009. The Kavli Prize honors scientists for their outstanding research
& seminal advances in astrophysics, nanoscience & neuroscience. A prize
in each field consists of a scroll, medal & cash award of US $1 million.
Prize recipients will be announced in 2010. For more information:
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Nature News Special: Human Genetics 2009

The flow of human genetic information is growing into a deluge: from
high throughput sequencing to genome wide association studies to copy
number variation to personal genetic tests. This week's Nature adds
to the riches, and assesses their biological and medical value so far.

Access selected content from the special free online for a round up of
the latest Reviews, Features and Opinion.

http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Genetics without borders p697
A UK government scheme to establish nationality through DNA testing
is scientifically flawed, ethically dubious and potentially damaging
to science.
doi:10.1038/461697a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Putting DNA to the test pp697-698
Genetic-testing companies lack regulation, and a list of guiding
principles does not go far enough.
doi:10.1038/461697b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

How to win trust over flu p698
Mass-vaccination campaigns for the pandemic H1N1 virus must take
public concerns into account.
doi:10.1038/461698a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Evolution: Boys against girls p700
doi:10.1038/461700a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cancer biology: Stem cell-cancer link p700
doi:10.1038/461700b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Ecology: Wildebeest chain reaction p700
doi:10.1038/461700c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Geoscience: Earth's magnetic personality p700
doi:10.1038/461700d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Analytical chemistry: Gloop monitor p700
doi:10.1038/461700e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Ageing: Live longer, but how? pp700-701
doi:10.1038/461700f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Stem-cell biology: Rebooting cord blood cells p701
doi:10.1038/461701a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Microbiology: Bacteria fight back p701
doi:10.1038/461701b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Chemistry: Microwave magic p701
doi:10.1038/461701c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Materials science: No gas from glass p701
doi:10.1038/461701d
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JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p701
Judith E. Mank
doi:10.1038/461701e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
News briefing: 8 October 2009 pp702-703
doi:10.1038/461702a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Fossil rewrites early human evolution p705
Ethiopian find dates back 4.4 million years.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/461705a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Chromosome protection scoops Nobel pp706-707
Prize for physiology or medicine awarded for uncovering role of
telomeres.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/461706a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to light pioneers p707
Advances in fibre optics and digital imaging are rewarded.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/461707a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

X-ray free-electron lasers fire up pp708-709
California's project has the lead as its facility goes live, but
Europe aims for its own rapid-fire device.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/461708a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

From plant to power pp710-711
The last of four weekly articles looks at making liquid fuels direct
from biomass.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/461710a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Correction p711
doi:10.1038/461711a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

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NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Human genetics: Hit or miss? pp712-714
Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic
clues to disease. Kelly Rae Chi looks at three to see just how
on-target the approach seems to be.
Kelly Rae Chi
doi:10.1038/461712a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Environment: The disappearing nutrient pp716-718
Phosphate-based fertilizers have helped spur agricultural gains in
the past century, but the world may soon run out of them. Natasha
Gilbert investigates the potential phosphate crisis.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/461716a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Plasmonics: Surfing the wave pp720-722
Small oscillations of surface electrons that manipulate light on the
nanoscale could be the route to applications as disparate as faster
computer chips and cures for cancer. Joerg Heber reports.
doi:10.1038/461720a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Sanctions against scientists threaten progress p723
Bengt Gustafsson
doi:10.1038/461723a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Measures urgently required to prevent multiple submissions p723
Goudarz Molaei
doi:10.1038/461723b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Caution with claims that a species has been rediscovered p723
Richard J. Ladle, Paul Jepson, Steve Jennings and Ana C. M. Malhado
doi:10.1038/461723c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
OPINION
----------------------
An agenda for personalized medicine pp724-726
Pauline C. Ng, Sarah S. Murray, Samuel Levy and J. Craig Venter find
differences in results from two direct-toconsumer genetics-testing
companies. They therefore give nine recommendations to improve predictions.
Pauline C. Ng, Sarah S. Murray, Samuel Levy and J. Craig Venter
doi:10.1038/461724a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Let's celebrate human genetic diversity pp726-728
Science is finding evidence of genetic diversity among groups of
people as well as among individuals. This discovery should be
embraced, not feared, say Bruce T. Lahn and Lanny Ebenstein.
Bruce T. Lahn and Lanny Ebenstein
doi:10.1038/461726a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Winning the arguments on Capitol Hill pp730-731
Harold Varmus enjoys a guide to the inner workings of the US Congress
by legislator Henry Waxman.
Harold Varmus reviews The Waxman Report: How Congress Really Works
by Henry Waxman and Joshua Green
doi:10.1038/461730a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

China's unofficial democracy p731
Li Gong reviews The Power of the Internet in China: Citizen Activism
Online by Guobin Yang
doi:10.1038/461731a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Darwin's legacy down under p732
Mark A. Elgar reviews Reframing Darwin: Evolution and Art in Australia
doi:10.1038/461732a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

A creative celebration of evolution p733
Jason Hodin, Cory D. Bishop, Fred A. Sharpe and Ruben E. Valas review
Burning Man 2009: Evolution
doi:10.1038/461733a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Human genetics: Sharp focus on the variable genome pp735-736
Copy-number variation -- deleted or duplicated regions of DNA -- is
widespread in the human genome. A systematic population survey of
the common variants provides an invaluable resource for further studies.
John A. L. Armour
doi:10.1038/461735a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Quantum mechanics: Passage through chaos pp736-737
A quantum system can undergo tunnelling even without a barrier to
tunnel through. The latest experiments visualize this process in
exquisite detail, completely reconstructing the state of the evolving
system.
Daniel A. Steck
doi:10.1038/461736a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Vision: Gene therapy in colour pp737-739
Replacing a missing gene in adult colour-blind monkeys restores normal
colour vision. How the new photoreceptor cells produced by this
therapy lead to colour vision is a fascinating question.
Robert Shapley
doi:10.1038/461737a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cosmology: Dark is the new black pp740-741
Rival experimental methods to determine the Universe's expansion are
contending to become the fashionable face of cosmology. Fresh
theoretical calculations make one of them the hot tip for next season.
Richard Massey
doi:10.1038/461740a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Microbiology: Life on leaves pp741-742
The surface of plant leaves -- the phyllosphere -- is home to many
microbes. A 'community proteogenomics' approach offers a fresh look
at what it takes to survive and thrive in this unique habitat.
Johan Leveau
doi:10.1038/461741a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Structural biology: Tracing Argonaute binding pp743-744
Argonaute proteins inhibit gene expression by binding to messenger
RNA via a small nucleic-acid guide. Structures of the Argonaute
complex bound to target RNA reveal snapshots of a silencing machine
at work.
Samir Bouasker and Martin J. Simard
doi:10.1038/461743a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Photonics: One-way road for light pp744-745
The transmission of information from one place to another by light
waves sent through waveguides is hampered by light attenuation and
scattering loss. Magnetic photonic crystals could provide a solution
to such problems.
Eli Yablonovitch
doi:10.1038/461744a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Gal4 turnover and transcription activation pE7
Galen A. Collins, J. Russell Lipford, Raymond J. Deshaies and
William P. Tansey
doi:10.1038/nature08406
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Nalley et al. reply pE8
Kip Nalley, Stephen Albert Johnston and Thomas Kodadek
doi:10.1038/nature08407
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=191&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
----------------------
Finding the missing heritability of complex diseases pp747-753
Teri A. Manolio et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08494
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

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ARTICLES
----------------------
Nucleation, propagation and cleavage of target RNAs in Ago silencing
complexes pp754-761
The Argonaute (Ago) family of proteins provides the slicer activity of
the RNA-induced silencing complex, with the Ago component of the complex
providing the catalytic residues governing guide-strand mediated
site-specific cleavage of target RNA. Here, the crystal structures of
ternary complexes of Thermus thermophilus Ago catalytic mutants are
reported and analysed.
Yanli Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08434
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Role of the polycomb protein EED in the propagation of repressive
histone marks pp762-767
Polycomb group proteins are involved in the epigenetic maintenance
of repressive chromatin states, with the gene-silencing activity of
the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) dependent on its ability to
trimethylate lysine 27 of histone H3. The carboxy-terminal domain of
the EED subunit of the complex is now shown to specifically bind to
histone tails carrying trimethyl-lysine residues associated with
repressive chromatin marks, leading to activation of the methyltransferase
activity of PRC2.
Raphael Margueron et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08398
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0


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LETTERS
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Quantum signatures of chaos in a kicked top pp768-771
There has been a long-standing search for quantum signatures of
classical chaos. Here, an atomic system that can be used to study
quantum chaos -- the quantum kicked top -- is experimentally realized
and directly observed to reveal dynamics in quantum phase space that
have a chaotic classical counterpart. Clear differences are noted in
the sensitivity to perturbation in chaotic versus regular regimes and
dynamical entanglement is proposed as a signature of chaos.
S. Chaudhury et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08396
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Observation of unidirectional backscattering-immune topological
electromagnetic states pp772-775
The quantum Hall effect arises in two-dimensional electron systems
and is characterized by current being carried by electrons along the
edges of the system, in so-called chiral edge states (CESs), as a
consequence of nontrivial topological properties of the bulk
electronic band structure. Recently, it was theoretically predicted
that electromagnetic analogues of CESs could be observed in photonic
crystals; here, this is experimentally demonstrated.
Zheng Wang, Yidong Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos and Marin Soljacic
doi:10.1038/nature08293
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the southwest Pacific Ocean
pp776-779
About 34 million years ago, the first major Antarctic ice sheets
appeared, suggesting that major cooling had taken place; however,
the global transition into this icehouse climate remains poorly
constrained. A new, continuous record of sea surface temperature
(SST) from an ocean sediment core in the East Tasman Plateau now
suggests that there was almost no latitudinal SST gradient between
subequatorial and subpolar regions during the Early Eocene age
(55-50 million years ago).
Peter K. Bijl et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08399
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Rapid ascent of rhyolitic magma at Chaiten volcano, Chile pp780-783
Although rhyolite magma has fuelled some of the Earth's largest
explosive volcanic eruptions, our understanding of these events is
incomplete due to the previous lack of direct observation of these
eruptions. On 1 May 2008, Chaiten volcano in Chile erupted rhyolite
magma unexpectedly and explosively. Here, petrological and experimental
data are presented that indicate that the hydrous rhyolite magma at
Chaiten ascended very rapidly from storage depth to near-surface, with
velocities of the order of one metre per second.
Jonathan M. Castro and Donald B. Dingwell
doi:10.1038/nature08458
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Gene therapy for red–green colour blindness in adult primates pp784-787
Red-green colour blindness is the most common single locus genetic
disorder. Gene therapy is now used in adult monkeys, colour blind
since birth, to provide the receptoral basis for trichromatic colour
vision. Despite the expectation from classic visual deprivation
experiments that neural connections established during development
are incapable of processing an input not present from birth, treated
monkeys displayed trichromatic colour vision behaviour.
Katherine Mancuso et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08401
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent
innate immunity pp788-792
Although the innate immune system is known to be critical for the early
detection of invading pathogens and for initiating host defence systems,
little is known about how it is galvanized to respond to DNA-based
microbes. STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is now shown to be
necessary for the initiation of effective type I interferon production
and, accordingly, there is an increase in the susceptibility of
Sting-knockout mice to infection by the DNA virus HSV-1.
Hiroki Ishikawa, Zhe Ma and Glen N. Barber
doi:10.1038/nature08476
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Prohibitin couples diapause signalling to mitochondrial metabolism
during ageing in C. elegans pp793-797
Prohibitins are ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved proteins, which
form a ring-like complex at the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
Here, the mitochondrial prohibitin complex is shown to promote
longevity by modulating mitochondrial function and fat metabolism in
the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with its deficiency shortening
the lifespan of otherwise wild-type animals. However, under conditions
of dietary restriction, knockdown of prohibitin promotes longevity.
Marta Artal-Sanz and Nektarios Tavernarakis
doi:10.1038/nature08466
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis
C virus pp798-801
There are approximately 170 million people infected with hepatitis
C virus (HCV) worldwide. About 30% of individuals with persistent
HCV infection develop chronic liver disease, with various
epidemiological, viral and host factors having been implicated in
the differences in HCV clearance or persistence. Here, a single
nucleotide polymorphism recently shown to be strongly associated
with a difference in response to HCV drug treatment is also shown
to be associated with viral clearance.
David L. Thomas et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08463
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for
autism pp802-808
Autism is a highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder, and yet few
specific susceptibility genes have been identified to date. A linkage
and association mapping study using half a million genome-wide single
nucleotide polymorphisms is now described in a common set of 1,031
multiplex autism families. The linkage regions identified provide
targets for rare variation screening whereas the discovery of a single
novel association, SEMA5A, demonstrates the action of common variants.
Lauren A. Weiss and Dan E. Arking
doi:10.1038/nature08490
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Mutational evolution in a lobular breast tumour profiled at single
nucleotide resolution pp809-813
Advances in next generation sequencing have made it possible to
precisely characterize the coding mutations that occur during the
development and progression of individual cancers. Here, this
technique is used to sequence the genomes and transcriptomes of an
oestrogen-receptor-[alpha]-positive metastatic lobular breast cancer;
significant evolution is found to occur with disease progression.
Sohrab P. Shah et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08489
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Direct RNA sequencing pp814-818
Understanding the functional output of the genome -- the transcriptome
-- is an essential step on the way to understanding human biology and
disease. Current transcriptome analysis methods are indirect, typically
requiring RNA to be converted to complementary DNA (cDNA) before
measurements. Single molecule RNA sequencing without prior conversion
of RNA to cDNA is now reported.
Fatih Ozsolak et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08390
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

JAK2 phosphorylates histone H3Y41 and excludes HP1[alpha] from
chromatin pp819-822
The activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), a non-receptor tyrosine
kinase that regulates several cellular processes by inducing
cytoplasmic signalling cascades, is a frequent event in haematological
malignancies. Here, human JAK2 is shown to be present in the nucleus
of haematopoietic cells, where it directly phosphorylates Tyr 41 on
histone H3, thus preventing the binding of heterochromatin
protein I[alpha].
Mark A. Dawson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08448
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Structural insights into mechanisms of the small RNA methyltransferase
HEN1 pp823-827
Some of the small RNAs involved in RNA silencing require the addition
of a 2'-O-methyl group on the 3' terminal nucleotide in order for the
precursor RNA to be correctly processed. This modification is performed
by the HEN1 RNA methyltransferase, the crystal structure of which --
from Arabidopsis -- is now solved.
Ying Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08433
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
ERRATA
----------------------
Dense packings of the Platonic and Archimedean solids p828
S. Torquato and Y. Jiao
doi:10.1038/nature08492
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Stable single-unit-cell nanosheets of zeolite MFI as active and
long-lived catalysts p828
Minkee Choi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08493
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct
marine reptiles p828
Chris L. Organ, Daniel E. Janes, Andrew Meade and Mark Pagel
doi:10.1038/nature08523
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Robert Margolskee p831
An expert in the molecular mechanisms of taste, Margolskee recently
accepted a faculty position at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7265-831a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Postdoc journal
Communicating science p831
A science-communication programme has taught me how to talk science.
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7265-831b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Endangered papers p831
Conservation biologists' government jobs preclude speedy publishing.
doi:10.1038/nj7265-831c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Bridges to biotechnology p831
Stimulus funds support biotech retraining programme in Oregon.
doi:10.1038/nj7265-831d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Gender imbalance persists p831
Survey shows men still hold most positions in US science and engineering.
doi:10.1038/nj7265-831e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Region
Rising star? p832
The Japanese city of Nagoya is aiming to turn a history of
manufacturing success into fertile ground for science
applications. David Cyranoski surveys its potential.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/nj7265-832a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Life in a monastic lab p836
A vocational career.
Joost Uitdehaag
doi:10.1038/461836a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
07 October 2009
A regulatory circuit for piwi by the large Maf gene traffic jam in
Drosophila
Kuniaki Saito et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08501
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Saturn's largest ring
Anne J. Verbiscer, Michael F. Skrutskie and Douglas P. Hamilton
doi:10.1038/nature08515
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0

Origins and functional impact of copy number variation in the
human genome
Donald F. Conrad et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08516
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=34136651&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTkwOTY5NjQS1&mt=1&rt=0


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