September 2009 Volume 10 Number 9, pp 1008 - 941
Visit Nature Immunology online to browse the journal.
Now available at http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text
access to Nature Immunology online. To purchase a subscription,
please visit:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Welcome to more choice. Buy 4, get 2 FREE.
Choose from 200 newly released reagents, more sizes, and
fast, free, expert support in under 4 hours. Now choose any
4 fluorochrome or biotin-labeled antibodies from our entire
portfolio and choose 2 more FREE with no quantity limit.
Welcome to a more colorful world(SM). Visit bdbiosciences.com/choice
for more information.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
=====================================================================
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
YOUR SCIENCE CAREER: WHAT NEXT?
Explore your options at The Source Event: London 25/09/2009 and Berlin
04/12/09. Throughout the day conference sessions and workshopswill tackle
a range of science career issues. Running alongside this is a FREE career
fair where you can meet employers who are actively looking to recruit scientists.
Register now at: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
=====================================================================
----------------------
EDITORIAL
----------------------
Encouraging minority scientists p927
The research community needs to increase the number of minority
students who choose scientific research careers.
doi:10.1038/ni0909-927
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
From IL-10 to IL-12: how pathogens and their products stimulate APCs
to induce TH1 development pp929 - 932
The authors recount their discovery of how pathogen-induced
interleukin 12 production leads to TH1 T cell polarization.
Simultaneously they discovered the suppressive cytokine interleukin
10 inhibits antigen-presenting cells, thus regulating development
of TH1 cells.
Anne O'Garra and Kenneth M Murphy
doi:10.1038/ni0909-929
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Intrusive HIV-1-infected cells pp933 - 934
Macrophages infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 emit
long intercellular conduits that shuttle the viral protein Nef to
bystander B cells, where it impairs cellular function and
immunoglobulin class switching.
Dominika Rudnicka and Olivier Schwartz
doi:10.1038/ni0909-933
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The sickness unto Deaf pp934 - 936
While promiscuous expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) in
the thymus is essential for self-tolerance, immunologically relevant
TSA expression may also occur in the secondary lymphoid organs. A new
study links the transcriptional regulator Deaf1 with altered TSA
expression in the secondary lymphoid organs and autoimmune diabetes.
James M Gardner and Mark S Anderson
doi:10.1038/ni0909-934
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Maintaining immune homeostasis in fly gut pp936 - 938
Like every metazoan species hosting a gut flora, drosophila tolerate
commensal microbiota yet remain able to mount an efficient immune
response to food-borne pathogens. New findings explain how the
quantity of reactive oxygen species in the gut is 'tuned' to
microbial burden and how intestinal immune homeostasis is thereby
maintained.
Francois Leulier and Julien Royet
doi:10.1038/ni0909-936
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulatory T cells that become autoaggressive pp938 - 939
Foxp3 expression is not stable and may be extinguished both
in vitro and in vivo in regulatory T cells that convert into
proinflammatory effector T cells. The loss of Foxp3 in regulatory
T cells under autoimmune conditions may result in the conversion
of suppressor T cells into highly autoaggressive lymphocytes.
Daniel Hawiger and Richard A Flavell
doi:10.1038/ni0909-938
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Research Highlights p941
doi:10.1038/ni0909-941
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
Foamy macrophages and the progression of the human tuberculosis
granuloma pp943 - 948
David G Russell et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1781
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
HIV-1 evades virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses by targeting
systemic and intestinal B cells via long-range intercellular
conduits pp1008 - 1017
Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have
profoundly dysfunctional T and B cell populations. Cerutti and
colleagues show that HIV-infected macrophages form long-range
conduits that deliver the immunosuppressive HIV protein Nef to
distal B cells, inhibiting their function.
Weifeng Xu et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1753
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
T cell factor 1 initiates the T helper type 2 fate by inducing the
transcription factor GATA-3 and repressing interferon-gamma
pp992 - 999
The polarization of naive CD4+ T cells to become T helper type 2
cells requires the transcription factor GATA-3. Sen and colleagues
show that T cell antigen receptor signals induce interleukin
4-independent but TCF-1-beta-catenin-dependent early expression
of GATA-3.
Qing Yu et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1762
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Essential function for SAP family adaptors in the surveillance of
hematopoietic cells by natural killer cells pp973 - 980
SAP family adaptors, including SAP, EAT-2 and ERT, individually
influence natural killer cell function. Veillette and colleagues
show that natural killer cells lacking all three adaptors fail to
eliminate unwanted hematopoietic cells.
Zhongjun Dong et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1763
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Recruitment of the cytoplasmic adaptor Grb2 to surface IgG and IgE
provides antigen receptor-intrinsic costimulation to class-switched
B cells pp1018 - 1025
B cell antigen receptors containing immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgE,
but not those containing IgM, show enhanced signaling. Wienands
and colleagues trace this boosted signaling capacity to conserved
IgG and IgE cytoplasmic tyrosine residues that recruit the adaptor
Grb2.
Niklas Engels et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1764
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coordination of multiple dual oxidase-regulatory pathways in
responses to commensal and infectious microbes in drosophila gut
pp949 - 957
The gut immune system distinguishes commensal from dangerous
microbes. Lee and colleagues delineate a pathway that 'fine tunes'
the production of microbicidal reactive oxygen species to combat
infections efficiently while tolerating commensal microbes.
Eun-Mi Ha et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1765
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
TANK is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling and is
critical for the prevention of autoimmune nephritis pp965 - 972
In vitro studies suggest that the adaptor TANK is needed for the
production of type 1 interferon. Using TANK-deficient mice, Akira
and colleagues instead find that TANK negatively regulates Toll-like
receptor and B cell antigen receptor signaling in vivo.
Tatsukata Kawagoe et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1771
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=111&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through
a galectin-1-driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin
27 and interleukin 10 pp981 - 991
In response to some signals, dendritic cells can become tolerogenic.
Rabinovich and colleagues show that galectin-1 drives the
differentiation of tolerogenic DCs via a circuit involving
interleukins 27 and 10.
Juan M Ilarregui et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1772
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Deaf1 isoforms control the expression of genes encoding peripheral
tissue antigens in the pancreatic lymph nodes during type 1 diabetes
pp1026 - 1033
Expression of peripheral tissue antigens may be important for
peripheral T cell tolerance. Fathman and colleagues demonstrate
involvement of the transcription factor Deaf1 in maintaining this
expression and link a Deaf1 isoform with type 1 diabetes.
Linda Yip et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1773
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=88&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation
of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo pp1000 - 1007
The stability of expression of the transcription factor Foxp3
in vivo has not been thoroughly assessed. Bluestone and colleagues
find that Foxp3 expression can be unstable and that cells that lose
Foxp3 expression can assume a proinflammatory autoaggressive
phenotype.
Xuyu Zhou et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1774
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Toll-like receptor 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promote
central nervous system neuroinflammation in progressive EAE
pp958 - 964
The mediators that drive the progressive phase of multiple
sclerosis remain undefined. Weiner and colleagues find that
15 alpha-hydroxycholestene is expressed abundantly only during
progressive multiple sclerosis and activates macrophages, microglia
and astrocytes via poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.
Mauricio F Farez et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1775
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Corrigendum: RAG-1 and ATM coordinate monoallelic recombination and
nuclear positioning of immunoglobulin loci p1034
Susannah L Hewitt et al.
doi:10.1038/ni0909-1034
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
=====================================================================
Mucosal Immunology's call for Cover Images!
The editors of Mucosal Immunology are seeking illustrative images
which are unique or highly illustrative of specific occurrences in
mucosal immunology for use on the 2010 cover. Should your image be
selected, you will be credited in print and online and we'll send you
a print of the cover as a thank you.
www.nature.com/mi
All readers and contributors to Mucosal Immunology are eligible. They
should be accompanied by a brief one-paragraph description not to exceed
200 words of relevant clinical or basic scientific information.
The closing date for ALL cover image submissions is the 31st August, 2009.
Please email your images to mi@nature.com.
=====================================================================
You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have
opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail
alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com
account at:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=33892862&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTY4ODY5MTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).
For further technical assistance, please contact our registration
department:
registration@nature.com
For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription
department:
subscriptions@nature.com
For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department:
feedback@nature.com
Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York |
NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne -
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
(c) Copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group
=====================================================================
