July 2009 Volume 11 Number 7, pp 785 - 914
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EDITORIAL
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Freedom of scientific expression p785
An English High Court judgement highlights the need for reform of a
libel law that discourages open scientific discourse.
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-785
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TURNING POINTS
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Building confidence: the transition from student to professor p786
Elaine Fuchs
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-786
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Chromosome congression: on the bi-orient express pp787 - 789
Errors in chromosome-spindle attachments during cell division can lead
to an irreversible change in chromosome number. Proper connections
between chromosomes and spindle microtubules can be promoted by
both chromosome-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms during mitosis and meiosis.
Emily A. Foley and Tarun M. Kapoor
doi:10.1038/ncb1902
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Cavin fever: regulating caveolae pp789 - 791
SDPR is a new regulator of caveolae biogenesis. SDPR overexpression
results in increased caveolae size and leads to the formation of caveolae-derived
tubules containing Shiga toxin. SDPR may therefore be a membrane
curvature-inducing component of caveolae.
Ivan R. Nabi
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-789
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Delta traffic takes a sh-Arp turn pp791 - 793
In the Notch pathway, the transmembrane ligand Delta is internalized and
then re-established on the surface of signal-sending cells to allow the
productive binding and activation of the Notch receptor on neighbouring
cells. Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization directs Delta trafficking
through this circuit.
Eyal D. Schejter
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-791
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A reader for centromeric chromatin pp793 - 795
For nucleosome-encoded epigenetic information to be transmitted,
an epigenetic mark requires a 'reader' for its physical recognition.
CENP-N has now been identified as a reader of the centromere-specifying
epigenetic mark that is generated by incorporation of the histone H3 variant
CENP-A into centromeric nucleosomes.
Nikolina Sekulic and Ben E. Black
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-793
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research highlights p796
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-796
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ARTICLES
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Arabidopsis cortical microtubules position cellulose synthase delivery
to the plasma membrane and interact with cellulose synthase trafficking
compartments pp797 - 806
The cortical microtubule array in plants orients nascent cellulose fibrils
by organizing cellulose synthase complexes in the plasma membrane.
Microtubules are now shown to facilitate the delivery of these complexes
to the plasma membrane through their depolymerizing ends.
Ryan Gutierrez, Jelmer J. Lindeboom, Alex R. Paredez, Anne Mie C. Emons
and David W. Ehrhardt
doi:10.1038/ncb1886
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
SDPR induces membrane curvature and functions in the formation of caveolae
pp807 - 814
Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations implicated in endocytosis.
SDPR is a new component of caveolae that facilitates membrane curvature,
caveolae formation and tubulation induced by extracellular ligands such as
Shiga toxin B.
Carsten G. Hansen, Nicholas A. Bright, Gillian Howard and Benjamin J. Nichols
doi:10.1038/ncb1887
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The Arp2/3 complex and WASp are required for apical trafficking of Delta
into microvilli during cell fate specification of sensory organ precursors
pp815 - 824
Cell fate decisions mediated by Notch signalling generally involve direct
cell-cell contact between adjacent cells. A new Arp2/3-dependent actin
structure directs the Notch ligand Delta to microvilli in signal-sending
cells during sensory organ development in fly.
Akhila Rajan, An-Chi Tien, Claire M. Haueter, Karen L. Schulze and
Hugo J. Bellen
doi:10.1038/ncb1888
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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CPAP is a cell-cycle regulated protein that controls centriole length
pp825 - 831
During centriole duplication, a new centriole of defined length forms
adjacent to the pre-existing centriole. The centriolar protein CPAP is
under tight cell-cycle control and controls centriole length through
its intrinsic tubulin-dimer binding activity.
Chieh-Ju C. Tang, Ru-Huei Fu, Kuo-Sheng Wu, Wen-Bin Hsu and Tang K. Tang
doi:10.1038/ncb1889
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromosome congression in the absence of kinetochore fibres pp832 - 838
Mitotic chromosome congression is thought to require microtubules attached
end-on to kinetochores (K-fibres). In human cells lacking K-fibres,
chromosomes congress by the gliding of unattached kinetochores
along microtubule bundles, driven by the plus-end kinesin motor CENP-E.
Shang Cai, Christopher B. O'Connell, Alexey Khodjakov and Claire E. Walczak
doi:10.1038/ncb1890
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lateral microtubule bundles promote chromosome alignment during acentrosomal
oocyte meiosis pp839 - 844
Female meiosis occurs without centrosomal microtubule organization. In C. elegans
oocytes, microtubule bundles surround homologous bivalent chromosomes.
The chromokinesin KPL19 is concentrated in a ring around each bivalent and
drives metaphase alignment through a polar ejection force.
Sarah M. Wignall and Anne M. Villeneuve
doi:10.1038/ncb1891
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
OsHAL3 mediates a new pathway in the light-regulated growth of rice
pp845 - 851
Light-regulated growth in plants had been attributed to cell elongation.
HAL3-activity is induced by light and it regulates cell division by acting
on the HIP1 ubiquitin ligase, independently of its pigment decarboxylase activity.
Shi-Yong Sun, Dai-Yin Chao, Xin-Min Li, Min Shi, Ji-Ping Gao, Mei-Zhen Zhu,
Hong-Quan Yang, Sheng Luan and Hong-Xuan Lin
doi:10.1038/ncb1892
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=134&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Increasing organismal healthspan by enhancing mitochondrial protein
quality control pp852 - 858
Overexpression of the mitochondrial matrix-localized protease PaLON in
Podospora anserina reduces levels of carbonylated and carboxymethylated
proteins, resulting in a higher resistance to oxidative stress and an extended life span.
Karin Luce and Heinz D. Osiewacz
doi:10.1038/ncb1893
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell shape changes indicate a role for extrinsic tensile forces in Drosophila
germ-band extension pp859 - 864
Drosophila germ-band extension is thought to rely mainly on cell intercalation
events. Quantitative analysis of cell shape changes and movements show that
extrinsic tensile forces generated by the invaginating mesoderm drive cell
shape changes to participate in this elongation.
Lucy C. Butler, Guy B. Blanchard, Alexandre J. Kabla, Nicola J. Lawrence,
David P. Welchman, L. Mahadevan, Richard J. Adams and Benedicte Sanson
doi:10.1038/ncb1894
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
BRIT1/MCPH1 links chromatin remodelling to DNA damage response pp865 - 872
Chromatin decondensation is required for repair factors to access damaged DNA.
BRIT1/MCPH1, a damage response protein mutated in microcephaly, recruits the
chromatin remodelling complex SWI/SNF to sites of DNA damage after
phosphorylation by ATM/ATR. This mechanism is critical for efficient DNA repair
and survival.
Guang Peng, Eun-Kyoung Yim, Hui Dai, Andrew P. Jackson, Ineke van der Burgt,
Mei-Ren Pan, Ruozhen Hu, Kaiyi Li & Shiaw-Yih Lin
doi:10.1038/ncb1895
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) modulates Notch signalling
and affects neural stem cell renewal pp873 - 880
The secreted factor EGFL7, which is known to regulate cell migration and
angiogenesis, is expressed in the brain where it binds receptors of the
Notch family. Binding decreases Notch signalling, inhibits self-renewal of
neural stem cells in culture and affects proliferation and differentiation
of adult neural stem cells.
Mirko H.H. Schmidt, Frank Bicker, Iva Nikolic, Jeannette Meister,
Tanja Babuke, Srdjan Picuric, Werner M�ller-Esterl, Karl H. Plate and Ivan Dikic
doi:10.1038/ncb1896
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
TGF-beta activates Akt kinase through a microRNA-dependent amplifying
circuit targeting PTEN pp881 - 889
How TGF-beta activates Akt in disease situations is unclear. By acting on the
promotor of RP23, a non-coding RNA which encodes two microRNAs,
TGF-beta signalling downregulates the phospatase PTEN, a target of these
microRNAs and an inhibitor of Akt signalling.
Mitsuo Kato, Sumanth Putta, Mei Wang, Hang Yuan, Linda Lanting, Indu Nair,
Amanda Gunn, Yoshimi Nakagawa, Hitoshi Shimano, Ivan Todorov,
John J. Rossi and Rama Natarajan
doi:10.1038/ncb1897
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The tyrosine kinase Stitcher activates Grainy head and epidermal wound
healing in Drosophila pp890 - 895
The wound-healing transcription factor Grainy head upregulates a receptor
tyrosine kinase of the Ret-family, Stitcher. Stitcher orchestrates re-epithelialization
by triggering rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in gene
expression through Erk phosphorylation and regulation of Grainy head activity.
Shenqiu Wang, Vasilios Tsarouhas, Nikos Xylourgidis, Nafiseh Sabri,
Katarina Tiklova, Naumi Nautiyal, Marco Gallio and Christos Samakovlis
doi:10.1038/ncb1898
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Centromere assembly requires the direct recognition of CENP-A nucleosomes
by CENP-N pp896 - 902
The histone H3 variant CENP-A specifies centromere identity. CENP-N is the first
selective binding partner of CENP-A. Inhibition of CENP-N binding to CENP-A or
CENP-N depletion prevents the recruitment of the other CENP proteins
involved in centromere assembly.
Christopher W. Carroll, Mariana C.C. Silva, Kristina M. Godek, Lars E.T. Jansen
and Aaron F. Straight
doi:10.1038/ncb1899
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Essential role for eIF4GI overexpression in the pathogenesis of inflammatory
breast cancer pp903 - 908
Inflammatory breast cancer rapidly metastasizes. Overexpression of the
translation factor eIF4GI increases translation through the activation of
internal ribosome entry sites. Members of the p120 family of catenins
are key targets involved in metastasis deregulated in this way.
Deborah Silvera, Rezina Arju, Farbod Darvishian, Paul H. Levine,
Ladan Zolfaghari, Judith Goldberg, Tsivia Hochman, Silvia C. Formenti
and Robert J. Schneider
doi:10.1038/ncb1900
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transmission and spreading of tauopathy in transgenic mouse brain
pp909 - 913
Intracellular tau inclusions, a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases,
propagate in the brain in an unknown fashion. Brain extracts prepared from
mice expressing mutated human tau injected into mice expressing wild-type
human tau induce the formation and spread of wild-type human tau inclusions.
Florence Clavaguera, Tristan Bolmont, R. Anthony Crowther,
Dorothee Abramowski, Stephan Frank, Alphonse Probst, Graham Fraser,
Anna K. Stalder, Martin Beibel, Matthias Staufenbiel, Mathias Jucker,
Michel Goedert and Markus Tolnay
doi:10.1038/ncb1901
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ERRATUM
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p53 controls cancer cell invasion by inducing the MDM2-mediated degradation
of Slug p914
Shu-Ping Wang, Wen-Lung Wang, Yih-Leong Chang, Chen-Tu Wu, Yu-Chih Chao,
Shih-Han Kao, Ang Yuan, Chung-Wu Lin, Shuenn-Chen Yang, Wing-Kai Chan,
Ker-Chau Li, Tse-Ming Hong and Pan-Chyr Yang
doi:10.1038/ncb0709-914
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=33479888&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTIzNzYzMzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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