2 July 2009 Volume 460 Number 7251, pp 11 - 140
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Nature Web Focus: A focus on iPS cells
Recently scientists found that a special property of stem cells
called pluripotency?the ability to renew and form all cells of the
body?can be induced by introducing only four transcription factors
into adult cells. This process creates powerful stem cells similar
to embryonic stem cells.
Now scientists are working to make the technique more efficient and
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Nature Reviews Microbiology
Poster on inhibition of the replicative cycle of hepatitis C virus
It is estimated that 170 million people are infected with
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EDITORIALS
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We are all Iranians pp11-12
Iran's endogenous civil-rights movement needs international
solidarity, not political meddling. Academics, universities
and non-governmental organizations can help.
doi:10.1038/460011a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Time for early action p12
Carbon dioxide is not the only warming agent worth tackling now
in the bid to cool the planet.
doi:10.1038/460012a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Geosciences: Losing Louisiana p14
doi:10.1038/460014a
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Cancer biology: Double agent p14
doi:10.1038/460014b
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Neuroscience: Early bird learns the tune p14
doi:10.1038/460014c
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Physiology: Ground control p14
doi:10.1038/460014d
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Ecology: Putting height on the map p14
doi:10.1038/460014e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary development: The birth of a thymus pp14-15
doi:10.1038/460014f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: Shell shocker p15
doi:10.1038/460015a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Fire boxed p15
doi:10.1038/460015b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Little neighbours p15
doi:10.1038/460015c
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Genomics: Murky associations p15
doi:10.1038/460015d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p15
Subhajyoti De
doi:10.1038/460015e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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African science drops down G8 agenda p16
Researchers lament poor progress on commitments to developing nations.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/460016a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chief scientist quits California stem-cell agency p17
Departure raises questions over leadership at flagship centre.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/460017a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Snapshot: Vanishing meadows p17
The dire state of seagrass.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/460017b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
How to fix a broken heart? pp18-19
Clues about how human hearts form hint at routes to cell-based
therapies.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/460018a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Italians sue over stem cells p19
Government's exclusion of human embryonic cells from funding call
sparks anger.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/460019a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Budget request tackles habitat changes p20
US wildlife agency bids to revitalize research with focus on effects
of global warming.
Roberta Kwok
doi:10.1038/460020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lawsuit puts flu-vaccine contract in doubt p21
Biotech company sued by creditors.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/460021a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK Met Office hit by cuts to climate project p21
Defence ministry slashes programme budget by a quarter.
Olive Heffernan
doi:10.1038/460021b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Indian university system overhauled p22
National commission set to regulate higher education.
K. S. Jayaraman
doi:10.1038/460022a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Impasse at talks leaves whales high and dry p23
doi:10.1038/460023a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Key polar research centres sign up to cooperative deal p23
doi:10.1038/460023b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Recession deals a glancing blow to nanomaterials p23
doi:10.1038/460023c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
African institutions gain support networks p23
doi:10.1038/460023d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Soundbites: Talking climate targets p23
doi:10.1038/460023e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Heritage alert for Central American reef p23
doi:10.1038/460023f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
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Don't cry politicization p24
To call biomedical research proposals political distorts the issue,
says David Goldston.
doi:10.1038/460024a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Nuclear energy: The hybrid returns pp25-28
Slotting a fusion reactor into the heart of a nuclear fission plant
could accelerate the development of waste-free nuclear energy. So
why are all the designs still on paper, asks Ed Gerstner.
Ed Gerstner
doi:10.1038/460025a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric science: Climate's smoky spectre pp29-32
With their focus on greenhouse gases, atmospheric scientists have
largely overlooked lowly soot particles. But black carbon is now a hot
topic among researchers and politicians. Jeff Tollefson investigates.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/460029a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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OPINION
Invitation to help compile an index of biodiversity in cities p33
Lena Chan and Ahmed Djoghlaf
doi:10.1038/460033a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
We must reverse the Bush legacy of stem-cell problems p33
Christopher Thomas Scott, Jason Owen-Smith and Jennifer McCormick
doi:10.1038/460033b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=134&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The pleasure and importance of printed journals p33
Francois Diederich
doi:10.1038/460033c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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OPINION
When DNA goes on trial pp34-35
The science of DNA profiling is firm, but the way that the adversarial
justice system interprets probability can cause controversy, argues
Peter Gill.
Peter Gill reviews Truth Machine: The Contentious History of DNA
Fingerprinting by Michael Lynch, Simon A. Cole, Ruth McNally and
Kathleen Jordan
doi:10.1038/460034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary embryos pp35-36
Eric Werner reviews The Origin of Individuals by Jean-Jacques Kupiec
doi:10.1038/460035a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stuffed spectacular pp36-37
Josie Glausiusz reviews Extreme Mammals: The Biggest, Smallest, and
Most Amazing Mammals of All Time
doi:10.1038/460036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution's influence on art nouveau p37
Colin Martin reviews Emile Galle, Nature and Symbolism: Influences
from Japan
doi:10.1038/460037a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Developmental biology: A cellular view of regeneration pp39-40
How the salamander regrows an entire limb after injury has flummoxed
the wisest of scientists. A closer look at the cells involved in
limb regeneration shows that remembering past origins may be crucial
for this feat.
Alejandro Sanchez Alvarado
doi:10.1038/460039a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: Climatic plant power pp40-41
Levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide constrain vegetation types and
thus also non-biological uptake during rock weathering. That's the
reasoning used to explain why CO2 levels did not fall below a
certain point in the Miocene.
Yves Godderis and Yannick Donnadieu
doi:10.1038/460040a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: A metabolic switch to memory pp41-42
Two therapeutic drugs have been found to enhance memory in immune
cells called T cells, apparently by altering cellular metabolism.
Are changes in T-cell metabolism the key to generating long-lived
immune memory?
Martin Prlic and Michael J. Bevan
doi:10.1038/460041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanooptics: Photons pushed together pp42-44
Photons don't interact well with each other, which is a real
headache for researchers developing all-optical transistors for
computing applications. But a single molecule can mediate
photon-photon affairs.
Michel Orrit
doi:10.1038/460042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: The not-so-odd couple pp44-45
Actively dividing cells do so at a risk -- with each division,
chromosome ends tend to shorten. Pairing proteins that promote cell
division with a chromosome-end repair factor is a smart way to solve
this problem.
Sarah E. Millar
doi:10.1038/460044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Applied physics: A leak of information pp45-46
As capacitors, the ubiquitous components of electronic circuitry,
get smaller, keeping them insulating is a challenge. But that's
not necessarily bad news -- some conductivity might be just the
thing for data storage.
Pavlo Zubko and Jean-Marc Triscone
doi:10.1038/460045a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Robert Furchgott (1916-2009) p47
Nobel laureate who pioneered research into nitric oxide.
Solomon H. Snyder
doi:10.1038/460047a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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PROGRESS
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Elite and stochastic models for induced pluripotent stem cell
generation pp49-52
Shinya Yamanaka
doi:10.1038/nature08180
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Disease-corrected haematopoietic progenitors from Fanconi anaemia
induced pluripotent stem cells pp53-59
The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells
(iPS cells) is thought to hold great therapeutic potential. Here,
somatic cells from Fanconi anaemia patients are reprogrammed to
pluripotency after correction of the genetic defect, generating
patient-specific iPS cells.
Angel Raya et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08129
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cells keep a memory of their tissue origin during axolotl limb
regeneration pp60-65
By using an integrated GFP transgene to track the major limb tissues
during limb regeneration in the salamander Ambystoma mexicanum
(the axolotl), it has been possible to demonstrate that each limb
tissue produces a different set of progenitors with restricted
potential. Thus, the blastema--the collection of cells that regenerates
the diverse tissues of the limb--is composed of a heterogeneous
collection of restricted progenitor cells instead of dedifferentiated
pluripotent cells, as previously thought.
Martin Kragl et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08152
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=221&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Telomerase modulates Wnt signalling by association with target gene
chromatin pp66-72
The genetic pathways controlling stem cells are frequently
dysregulated during tumorigenesis, with either stimulation of
Wnt/[beta]-catenin signalling or overexpression of telomerase
sufficient to activate epidermal stem cells in vivo. Here, the
telomerase protein component TERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase)
is shown to have a role as a transcriptional modulator of the
Wnt/[beta]-catenin pathway, revealing a significant level of
integration between the two pathways.
Jae-Il Park et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08137
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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An intermediate-mass black hole of over 500 solar masses in the
galaxy ESO 243-49 pp73-75
Ultraluminous X-ray sources are extragalactic objects located outside
the nucleus of the host galaxy with bolometric luminosities exceeding
1039 erg s-1. These extreme luminosities imply the presence of an
accreting black hole with a mass of ~102-105 solar masses, but the
existence of such intermediate mass black holes is in dispute. A
variable X-ray source with an implied mass of ~500 solar masses
is now reported in the galaxy ESO 243-49.
Sean A. Farrell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08083
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A single-molecule optical transistor pp76-80
The transistor is the most fundamental building block in present-day
technologies. For the purpose of quantum information processing
schemes and for the development of a 'quantum computer', photons are
attractive information carriers because of their speed and robustness
against decoherence. However, their robustness also prevents them
from being easily controlled; despite this, experiments now show the
realization of a quantum optical transistor.
J. Hwang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08134
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Giant tunnel electroresistance for non-destructive readout of
ferroelectric states pp81-84
As alternative technologies for non-volatile memory elements are
looked at, the utilization of ferroelectric layers to read-write upon
is seen as promising. However, it is plagued by several problems,
including a destructive readout process. Now, by using a thin layer
of BaTiO3 put under intense strain, it has been shown possible to read
out the polarization state of the material without destroying it.
V. Garcia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08128
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The role of terrestrial plants in limiting atmospheric CO2 decline
over the past 24 million years pp85-88
It is thought that the Earth's atmospheric carbon dioxide
concentrations did not fall below about 200-250 parts per million
during the past 24 million years despite the drawdown of atmospheric
carbon dioxide by high rates of global silicate rock weathering.
Simulations of terrestrial and geochemical carbon cycles now suggest
that limited vegetation activity in regions of active mountain
ranges effectively diminished biotic-driven silicate rock weathering
and thereby provided a negative feedback mechanism to stabilize
carbon dioxide concentrations.
Mark Pagani, Ken Caldeira, Robert Berner and David J. Beerling
doi:10.1038/nature08133
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Seismic reflection images of a near-axis melt sill within the lower
crust at the Juan de Fuca ridge pp89-93
The style of accretion of the lower oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges
is disputed, with some models proposing that the lower oceanic crust
is accreted from melt sills intruded at multiple levels within the
lower crust. However, seismic images of such sills have been elusive;
here, deep crustal seismic reflections off the southern Juan de Fuca
ridge are interpreted as originating from a molten sill presently
forming within the lower oceanic crust.
J. Pablo Canales et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08095
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neural mechanisms of rapid natural scene categorization in human
visual cortex pp94-97
Human beings are able to rapidly detect the presence of object
categories such as animals or vehicles, even when a scene is
presented very briefly. The use of functional magnetic resonance
imaging during an object categorization task now indicates that the
rapid detection of categorical information in natural scenes is
mediated by a category-specific biasing mechanism in object-selective
cortex that operates across the visual field.
Marius V. Peelen, Li Fei-Fei and Sabine Kastner
doi:10.1038/nature08103
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=215&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cyclic AMP intoxication of macrophages by a Mycobacterium tuberculosis
adenylate cyclase pp98-102
Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces a cyclic AMP (cAMP) burst within
infected macrophages that influences cell signalling, but the
underlying mechanism for this increase in cAMP remains unclear. It
is now shown that it is produced by a bacterial adenylate cyclase
that facilitates delivery of bacterial-derived cAMP into the macrophage
cytoplasm, presumably enhancing virulence through the activation of
downstream signalling pathways.
Nisheeth Agarwal et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08123
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Enhancing CD8 T-cell memory by modulating fatty acid metabolism
pp103-107
On antigen stimulation, CD8 T cells undergo a developmental program
characterized by expansion and then contraction of antigen-specific
effector (TE) populations, followed by the persistence of long-lived
memory (TM) cells. During this transition, CD8 T cells are now shown
to switch from glucose metabolism to fatty acid metabolism by a
TRAF6-dependent mechanism.
Erika L. Pearce et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08097
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation pp108-112
Inducing effective memory T-cell responses is a major goal of
vaccines against chronic infections and tumours. Here, mTOR, the
mammalian target for the immunosuppressive drug rapamycin, is shown
to enhance the quantity and quality of virus-specific CD8 T cells
in mouse and non-human primate models.
Koichi Araki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08155
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human ISL1 heart progenitors generate diverse multipotent
cardiovascular cell lineages pp113-117
Studying the mechanisms underlying the diversification of human heart
cell lineages has been hampered by the lack of genetic tools to
purify early cardiac progenitors and define their developmental
potential. By using independent transgenic and gene-targeting
approaches in human embryonic stem cell lines, it has now been
possible to show that populations of these primordial progenitors are
capable of self-renewal and expansion prior to differentiation into
the three major cell types in the heart.
Lei Bu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08191
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A parallel circuit of LIF signalling pathways maintains pluripotency
of mouse ES cells pp118-122
The Jak-Stat3 pathway is known to mediate leukaemia inhibitory factor
(LIF) signals, maintaining pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells;
however, it is unclear how LIF signals are linked to the core circuitry
of pluripotency-associated transcription factors. Here it is shown that
two LIF signalling pathways are each connected to the core circuitry by
different transcription factors, indicating that there are parallel
pathways controlling pluripotency.
Hitoshi Niwa, Kazuya Ogawa, Daisuke Shimosato and Kenjiro Adachi
doi:10.1038/nature08113
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome-wide silencing in Drosophila captures conserved apoptotic
effectors pp123-127
Caspases, and the proximal regulators of caspases, are central to the
core machinery of apoptosis. The results of a genome-wide silencing
screen in Drosophila--using a strategy combining a library of
double-stranded RNAs together with a chemical antagonist of Inhibitor
of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)--now reveals a set of validated targets
necessary for cell death provoked by several stimuli, as well as a
new effector for apoptosis, Tango7.
Su Kit Chew et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08087
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The pluripotency factor Oct4 interacts with Ctcf and also controls
X-chromosome pairing and counting pp128-132
During both stem cell differentiation and X-chromosome inactivation
(XCI) of mouse embryonic stem cells, chromatin undergoes epigenetic
reprogramming. XCI and cell differentiation are tightly coupled, with
the blocking of one process compromising the other. The pluripotency
factor, Oct4, is now shown to regulate XCI, and is the first
identified factor that links both processes.
Mary E. Donohoe et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08098
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Pierluigi Nicotera p135
Founding director of the new German Centre for Neurodegenerative
Diseases in Bonn, Germany.
doi:10.1038/nj7251-135a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
The simple life p135
Motherhood has its benefits
Joanne Isaac
doi:10.1038/nj7251-135b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Competitive edge p135
Federal legislators worry that US research universities are losing
their edge.
doi:10.1038/nj7251-135c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Brain research p135
Federal grant sets up neuroplasticity centre at Stanford.
doi:10.1038/nj7251-135d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Green economy p135
A green economy will create jobs and battle climate change.
doi:10.1038/nj7251-135e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Multiple fates p136
Despite the economic downturn, US universities are seeking faculty
members with stem-cell expertise. That doesn't mean times are easy.
Monya Baker investigates.
doi:10.1038/nj7251-136a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
A Breederax for Dalia p140
All play and no work is a recipe for disaster.
Janett L. Grady
doi:10.1038/460140a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
01 July 2009
Helical extension of the neuronal SNARE complex into the membrane
Alexander Stein, Gert Weber, Markus C. Wahl and Reinhard Jahn
doi:10.1038/nature08156
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evidence of Xist RNA-independent initiation of mouse imprinted
X-chromosome inactivation
Sundeep Kalantry et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08161
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia
and bipolar disorder
The International Schizophrenia Consortium
doi:10.1038/nature08185
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=226&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=226&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia
Hreinn Stefansson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08186
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Common variants on chromosome 6p22.1 are associated with schizophrenia
Jianxin Shi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08192
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
28 June 2009
Demonstration of two-qubit algorithms with a superconducting quantum
processor
L. DiCarlo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08121
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulation of the innate immune response by threonine-phosphatase of
Eyes absent
Yasutaka Okabe, Teruyuki Sano and Shigekazu Nagata
doi:10.1038/nature08138
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in
neural development
Andrew S. Yoo, Brett T. Staahl, Lei Chen and Gerald R. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/nature08139
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=33480857&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTIzODQ0NTkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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