June 2009 Volume 5 Number 6
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Under pressure? Taking the strain?
Nature Reviews Neurocience presents a special Focus on stress.
Leaders in the field review how the brain regulates the body's endocrine
and autonomic responses to stress, how effects of stress on the prefrontal
cortex and the amygdala lead to changes in cognition and anxiety, how
exposure to stress at different times in life confer vulnerability to
specific stress-related disorders, and the psychobiological and molecular
factors that underlie resilience to stress.
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Neuropsychiatric disorders: The DISC1 pathway: a portal to understanding
the genetics of mental illness?
p293 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.58
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stroke: A unique phantom limb
p294 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.60
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Multiple sclerosis: Reduced cancer risk in MS
p294 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.61
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Alzheimer disease: Could SAP depletion stabilize Alzheimer disease?
p295 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.67
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IN BRIEF
Dementia | Parkinson disease | Stroke | Movement disorders
p295 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.69
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Parkinson disease: Spinal cord stimulation gets movement going in
Parkinson disease
p296 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.59
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Neurodegenerative disease: Biomarker test for Alzheimer disease
p296 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.64
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Surgery AIDS 'Lesion-Free' patients
p297 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.66
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Prion diseases: Site of prion disease brain injury uncovered
p298 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.65
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IN BRIEF
Traumatic brain injury | Parkinson disease | Stroke | Epilepsy
p298 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.70
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Neuropsychiatric disorders: Shared genetics of bipolar disorder and
schizophrenia
James B. Potash and O. Joseph Bienvenu
p299 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.71
Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia share common clinical features, and
antipsychotic medications can treat both conditions effectively. An
assessment of 73,929 people with bipolar disorder and/or schizophrenia
from a Swedish registry found evidence that the two disorders also share
more than half of their genetic determinants.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Multiple sclerosis: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: hope and hype
Martin Stangel
p300 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.63
A trial of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to treat
multiple sclerosis has yielded promising results, generating considerable
interest within both the clinical literature and the mainstream press.
The findings should, however, be interpreted with some caution, and larger,
randomized trials will be required to establish the true efficacy of the
approach.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Alzheimer disease: Perceived efficacy of antidementia drug treatment
Kevina McAvinchey and Alistair Burns
p302 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.56
Investigators in Germany have solicited the views of neurologists and
psychiatrists on the effectiveness of antidementia drug treatments.
The study concludes that clinicians generally consider these treatments
to be beneficial, and that the provision of support to caregivers seems
to further enhance the perceived benefits.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuro-oncology: Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in low-grade gliomas
David Schiff and Benjamin W. Purow
p303 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.57
Most grade II and grade III gliomas, as well as the secondary glioblastomas
that arise from these tumors, possess point mutations that affect the
substrate binding site of isocitrate dehydrogenase. These mutations are
essentially unique to gliomas, seem to represent an early step in
gliomagenesis, and confer a favorable prognosis.
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Neurodegenerative disease: Diabetes, microvascular pathology and Alzheimer
disease
Raj N. Kalaria
p305 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.72
Epidemiological studies suggest that the risk of developing cognitive
impairment and dementia is increased in individuals with diabetes
mellitus, although the evidence from clinicopathological studies on
neurodegenerative changes is at odds with these observations. A thorough
appraisal of concomitant vascular changes in dementia might resolve this
incongruity.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pain: Do ACE inhibitors exacerbate complex regional pain syndrome?
David Borsook and Simona Sava
p306 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.73
Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic condition arising mainly
after tissue injury and involves both inflammatory and neurogenic factors.
Use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors has been associated with
an increased risk of developing the chronic pain condition, which suggests
possible roles for substance P and bradykinin in the underlying pathogenic
process.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuropsychiatric disorders: The choice of antipsychotics in schizophrenia
Russell L. Margolis
p308 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.68
In light of claims of improved efficacy and lower incidence of adverse
effects compared with older drugs, second-generation antipsychotics have
emerged as the predominant treatment for schizophrenia. A new meta-analysis
concludes that the difference in efficacy between newer and older agents
is small, and the current classification scheme for antipsychotics does
not survive close scrutiny.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEWS
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in neurodegenerative diseases
Chiara Zuccato and Elena Cattaneo
p311 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.54
Alterations in the levels and activities of neurotrophic factors, such
as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been described in
various neurodegenerative disorders, most notably Huntington disease.
In this article, Zuccato and Cattaneo review the current knowledge about
the involvement of BDNF in these diseases and critically assess whether
BDNF treatment would be a beneficial and feasible therapeutic approach
in the clinic.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Challenges in the management of epilepsy in resource-poor countries
Kurupath Radhakrishnan
Published online: 19 May 2009
p323 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.53
Nearly 80% of the worldwide burden of epilepsy is borne by resource-poor
countries. The quality of epilepsy care in these countries is compromised
by numerous factors, including poverty, illiteracy, inefficient health-care
systems, and social stigma. In this article, Kurupath Radhakrishnan
highlights these difficulties and suggests practical solutions, drawing
on his own experiences in southern India.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hallucinations in Parkinson disease
Nico J. Diederich, Gilles Fenelon, Glenn Stebbins and Christopher G. Goetz
p331 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.62
Patients with Parkinson disease can experience a range of hallucinatory
phenomena, which can have considerable psychosocial effects and be
important factors determining the admission of patients into nursing
homes. This Review explores the wide array of hallucinations in Parkinson
disease, and examines the contribution of both pharmacological therapies
and the underlying disease pathology to their formation.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in the setting of Parkinson disease
Shyamal H. Mehta, Rajan Prakash, L. Michael Prisant, Carlos M. Isales,
John C. Morgan, Hadyn Williams and Kapil D. Sethi
p343 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.55
The neuroendocrine tumor pheochromocytoma is usually detected via measurement
of levels of catecholamines and their metabolites in plasma and urine.
In patients with Parkinson disease, however, the results of these tests
can be confounded by dopaminergic medications. Mehta et al. present the
case of a 59-year-old man with Parkinson disease in whom a diagnosis of
pheochromocytoma was confirmed by means of structural and functional imaging.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=33359593&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTA4OTM0NTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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