May 2009 Volume 8 Number 5, pp 361 - 437
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ADVANCED ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR DISCOVERIES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
A collection of papers originally published in Nature Publishing Group
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EDITORIAL
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CHALLENGES FOR SCIENCE IN INDIA p361
Although India can capitalize on a long history of scientific excellence,
progress in scientific research and science education needs to be
implemented across all layers of society.
doi:10.1038/nmat2437
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INTERVIEW
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INDIA'S ROCKY ROAD TO SCIENTIFIC SUCCESS pp362 - 363
Interview with Thirumalachari Ramasami
Nature Materials spoke to Thirumalachari Ramasami, the Secretary of State
in India's Department of Science and Technology, about the many challenges
facing scientific research and development in India.
doi:10.1038/nmat2438
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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OUR CHOICE FROM THE RECENT LITERATURE p364
doi:10.1038/nmat2439
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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NANOPARTICLE ASSEMBLY: DNA PROVIDES CONTROL pp365 - 366
Solution-based syntheses of nanoclusters typically produce a broad range
of species. A step-by-step process using DNA-encoded nanoparticles
assembled on a solid support aids in the design and production of
specific self-assembled nanoclusters in high yields.
Vivek M. Prabhu and Steven D. Hudson
doi:10.1038/nmat2436
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
NANOCAPACITORS: UNDEAD LAYERS BREATHE NEW LIFE pp366 - 368
Theoretical advances demonstrating an improved dielectric response in
nanocapacitor structures will lead to advanced electronics with greatly
increased memory densities.
Ronald Cohen
doi:10.1038/nmat2435
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
QUANTUM INFORMATION: MOTHER NATURE OUTGROWN pp368 - 369
Ultrapure, isotopically engineered diamonds show record spin coherence
times. The ideal spin-free material for quantum information processing
and magnetometry is one step closer.
Ronald Hanson
doi:10.1038/nmat2433
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
MATERIAL WITNESS: SUPERCONDUCTING WHEN WET p370
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/nmat2426
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
HYDROGELS: GENE JELLY pp370 - 372
It's been possible for some time to create proteins synthetically, but
cell-free gels that can produce proteins up to 300 times as efficiently
as solution processes could provide new directions and greater complexity
in synthetic biology.
Kersten S. Rabe and Christof M. Niemeyer
doi:10.1038/nmat2434
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
SURFACE WATER: PENTAGONAL ICE IN CHAINS pp372 - 373
One-dimensional islands that grow during ice nucleation at low
temperatures on a copper(110) surface are identified as chains of
water-molecule pentagons. This unexpected molecular arrangement optimizes
oxygen-atom proximity to preferred bonding sites on the metal, while
minimizing strain in the hydrogen-bond network.
Peter J. Feibelman
doi:10.1038/nmat2428
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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PROGRESS ARTICLE
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SUPERCONDUCTING GROUP-IV SEMICONDUCTORS pp375 - 382
Xavier Blase et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2425
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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ULTRALONG SPIN COHERENCE TIME IN ISOTOPICALLY ENGINEERED DIAMOND
pp383 - 387
The synthesis of highly pure diamond nanocrystals with a very small
amount of paramagnetic impurities allows the observation of electron
spin-dephasing times of up to 1.8 ms, a record for solid-state materials.
The result could have important implications for quantum information
processing methods based on diamond.
Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2420
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
STEPWISE SURFACE ENCODING FOR HIGH-THROUGHPUT ASSEMBLY OF NANOCLUSTERS
pp388 - 391
Solution-based syntheses of nanoscale clusters using biomolecules as
links between nanoparticles are frequently inefficient and normally
produce many different multimers or isomers of clusters. Dimer
nanoclusters and Janus nanoclusters have now been designed and produced
in high yields using nanoparticles grafted with single-stranded DNA.
Mathew M. Maye et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2421
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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ENHANCEMENT OF FERROELECTRICITY AT METAL-OXIDE INTERFACES
pp392 - 397
The size reduction of thin-film ferroelectric capacitors has been
hampered by effects that arise as ferroelectric films reach only a few
unit cells in height. However, rather than inevitably resulting in a
'dead layer', an enhancement of ferroelectricity at certain metal-oxide
interfaces is now predicted.
Massimiliano Stengel, David Vanderbilt and Nicola A. Spaldin
doi:10.1038/nmat2429
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
SYNERGETIC COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DEFECT TO OPTIMIZE PINNING
LANDSCAPE USING BaZrO3-DOPED YBa2Cu3O7 pp398 - 404
Applications of high-temperature superconductivity rely on transporting a
large current without dissipation. It is now shown how the inclusion of
a combination of two types of defect can be used to control and optimize
the performance of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7.
B. Maiorov et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2408
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
THE PREPARATION AND STRUCTURE OF SALTY ICE VII UNDER PRESSURE
pp405 - 409
Freezing water containing salts is believed to produce pure ice and a
salt hydrate. Neutron-diffraction measurements of the ice phase obtained
by recrystallizing the glassy state of LiCl salt solution at high
pressure suggests something different. The data reveal an 'alloyed' ice
VII structure incorporating Li and Cl ions.
Stefan Klotz et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2422
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
FROM CHESSBOARD TWEED TO CHESSBOARD NANOWIRE STRUCTURE DURING
PSEUDOSPINODAL DECOMPOSITION pp410 - 414
Microstructure evolution in complex nonlinear systems, such as
quasiperiodic two-phase chessboard structures, is a fascinating
fundamental phenomenon. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions
a transformation from tweed to nanowire chessboards develops by spinodal
decomposition.
Yong Ni and Armen G. Khachaturyan
doi:10.1038/nmat2431
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
THE ROLE OF VISCOUS FLOW OF OXIDE IN THE GROWTH OF SELF-ORDERED POROUS
ANODIC ALUMINA FILMS pp415 - 420
Explaining the quantitative relationships between processing conditions
and oxide-layer geometry for the growth of porous anodic alumina has so
far proved difficult. A model for steady-state growth of these amorphous
films, incorporating metal and oxygen ions transported by plastic flow
and coupled electrical migration, is now proposed.
Jerrod E. Houser and Kurt R. Hebert
doi:10.1038/nmat2423
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
TOWARDS HIGH CHARGE-CARRIER MOBILITIES BY RATIONAL DESIGN OF THE SHAPE
AND PERIPHERY OF DISCOTICS pp421 - 426
Discotic liquid crystals are materials with high charge-carrier mobility,
which are promising for molecular electronics. They self-organize into
stacks, usually with a twist of 30[compfn], but the shape and periphery
of the molecules can now be altered to produce materials with a twist
of 60[compfn]. Defect-limited mobilities of these materials reach
0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, but the potential defect-free mobility could be up to
10 cm2 V-1 s-1.
Xinliang Feng et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2427
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ICE STRUCTURE BUILT FROM PENTAGONS pp427 - 431
Although heterogeneous ice nucleation is investigated in a number of
fields, a mechanism for the process remains elusive. Ice with a
pentagon-based chain structure is now seen to form on a Cu(110) surface,
revealing that the structure of ice-water films can adapt to maximize
water-metal bonding and achieve strong hydrogen bonding within the layer.
Javier Carrasco et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2403
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
A CELL-FREE PROTEIN-PRODUCING GEL pp432 - 437
Proteins are usually produced in living cells, but hydrogels that
incorporate genes demonstrate that cells aren't always needed. The gels
produce a wide variety of proteins without cells, and with higher yields
than the equivalent solution method. Materials-related proteins that
have been difficult to produce by other methods can now be made in
greater quantities.
Nokyoung Park et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2419
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=32423498&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDc3Mjk4ODAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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