23 April 2009 Volume 458 Number 7241, pp945-1066
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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
21st IUBMB and 12th FAOBMB
International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
August 2-7, 2009, Shanghai, China
Congress Major Themes:
1, Genome Dynamics and Gene Regulation
2, Protein Structure, Dynamics and Proteomics
3, Cell Signaling and Network
4, Molecular Basis of Diseases
About 200 confirmed invited speakers from the world
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EDITORIALS
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Wanted: cyber-czars p945
The world needs stronger leadership in safeguarding the security of
computation and communication networks. That includes research
institutions.
doi:10.1038/458945a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
More than hot air pp945-946
The United States has finally acknowledged that global warming is a
threat. It must now act on that.
doi:10.1038/458945b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
No more catch-up p946
Regulatory agencies need to be more proactive in preparing for
avant-garde products.
doi:10.1038/458946a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Cell biology: Night vision p948
doi:10.1038/458948a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Biochemistry: Hushing the flush p948
doi:10.1038/458948b
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Climate change: Network effects p948
doi:10.1038/458948c
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Population studies: China needs women p948
doi:10.1038/458948d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Connecting dementias p948
doi:10.1038/458948e
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Circadian rhythms: Magnetic clocks pp948-949
doi:10.1038/458948f
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Cognitive psychology: Bilingual baby talk p949
doi:10.1038/458949a
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Climate modelling: Soot and warming p949
doi:10.1038/458949b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution: Bitter apple p949
doi:10.1038/458949c
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Microbiology: Colony collapse cured? p949
doi:10.1038/458949d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p949
Dave Featherstone
doi:10.1038/458949e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Still strict on stem cells pp950-951
Even some Bush-approved cell lines could be denied federal funding.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/458950a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pharmaceutical companies join forces on HIV pp950-951
GlaxoSmithKline and Pfizer create spin-off to develop new
combination drugs.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/458950b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Fees delay pharmed drug p951
European trial of 'pharmed' anti-HIV monoclonal delayed by costly
regulatory process.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/458951a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
High hopes for US patent reform pp952-953
Lawmakers may be nearing agreement on how to fix the nation's
crumbling patent system, reports Heidi Ledford.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/458952a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
FANTOM sees networks in cells p955
Systems biology boosted by RNA-sequencing consortium.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/458954a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
India's electioneers make bold pledges on science pp956-957
Major parties back climate plan, but differ on nuclear policy.
K. S. Jayaraman
doi:10.1038/458956a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Snapshot: Motion detector p956
Radar images home in on source of Italian earthquake.
Lucas Laursen
doi:10.1038/458956b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
French life-science alliance unveiled p957
Coordinated approach aims to derive national strategies.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/458957a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Australia launches global carbon-capture institute p958
doi:10.1038/458958a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Company offering ethical reviews suspends activity p958
doi:10.1038/458958b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
US and Japan to collaborate on stem-cell technology p958
doi:10.1038/458958c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Jailed Iranian AIDS doctors lose court appeal p958
doi:10.1038/458958d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
US medical institute invests in undergraduates p958
doi:10.1038/458958e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Germany joins in with maize moratorium p958
doi:10.1038/458958f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Personal technology: Phoning in data pp959-961
Far from being just an accessory, mobile phones are starting to be
used to collect data in an increasing number of disciplines.
Roberta Kwok looks into their potential.
Roberta Kwok
doi:10.1038/458959a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem cells: Fast and furious pp962-965
The field of induced pluripotent stem cells has gone from standing
start to headlong rush in less than three years. Monya Baker charts
the course so far, and the obstacles ahead.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/458962a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Open-access publishing can survive recession p967
Raf Aerts
doi:10.1038/458967a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Crystal growers are being forced to scatter p967
Christian Kloc
doi:10.1038/458967b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Struggle to translate Darwin's view of concurrency p967
U. Kutschera
doi:10.1038/458967c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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COMMENTARY
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Big Brother has evolved p968
Tracking someone's movements can now be done cheaply and easily, and
there are few restrictions on who can monitor whom, says Jerome E.
Dobson.
Jerome E. Dobson
doi:10.1038/458968a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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This title is false p969
Comparing gene networks to Greek philosophy could help biologists
to see the truth, argue Mark Isalan and Matthew Morrison.
Mark Isalan and Matthew Morrison
doi:10.1038/458969a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Final warning from a sceptical prophet pp970-971
In his new book, James Lovelock fears that humanity faces widespread
death and mass migration as Earth's systems become further
unbalanced by climate change, explains Andrew Watson.
Andrew Watson reviews The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning by
James Lovelock
doi:10.1038/458970a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Pursuing the infinite pp971-972
Jascha Hoffman reviews Naming Infinity: A True Story of Religious
Mysticism and Mathematical Creativity by Loren Graham and
Jean-Michel Kantor
doi:10.1038/458971a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
The hidden language of cells p972
John Galloway reviews How We Live and Why We Die: The Secret Lives
of Cells by Lewis Wolpert
doi:10.1038/458972a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Industrial strength, corroded p973
Jane Qiu reviews Qiu Zhijie: Breaking Through the Ice
doi:10.1038/458973a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Culture dish p973
doi:10.1038/458973b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Quantum chemistry: The little molecule that could pp975-976
The creation of diatomic molecules bound by roaming electrons that
allow a huge internuclear distance is some achievement. It opens the
door to further experimental exploitation of the principles involved.
Chris H. Greene
doi:10.1038/458975a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Schizophrenia: A point of disruption pp976-977
Much is still to be learned about the molecular basis of mental
disorders. The identification of a signalling pathway that is
affected in schizophrenia, and which thus provides potential
therapeutic targets, is a welcome advance.
Christopher A. Ross and Russell L. Margolis
doi:10.1038/458976a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Global change: China at the carbon crossroads pp977-979
In China, as in other nations that produce carbon dioxide from
fossil fuels on a large scale, the terrestrial biosphere mops up a
proportion of the emissions. Estimates of the amounts involved are
now available.
Kevin Robert Gurney
doi:10.1038/458977a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Complex systems: Cooperative network dynamics pp979-980
Nested, or hierarchically arranged, mutualisms allow ecosystems to
support more species than they otherwise would. But in this and
other contexts, the growth of such networks could carry a heavy
price.
George Sugihara and Hao Ye
doi:10.1038/458979a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Optical control of reward pp980-981
Is it wishful thinking that the behaviour of an organism as complex
as a mouse might be controlled by modulating its intracellular
signalling with light? No: this is just what researchers have
achieved with an elegant technique.
David E. Moorman and Gary Aston-Jones
doi:10.1038/458980a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: John Maddox (1925–2009) pp983-984
John Maddox, who died on 12 April, was editor of Nature during
1966–73 and 1980–95. He transformed the journal from a collegially
amateurish publication into one that was challenging and professional
in its assessment of science and in its journalistic reportage.
Walter Gratzer
doi:10.1038/458983a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
A Publisher's perspective pp984-985
Nicholas Byam Shaw
doi:10.1038/458984a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Maddox by his successor pp985-986
Philip Campbell
doi:10.1038/458985a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
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Mantle skewness and ridge segmentation ppE11-E12
Satish C. Singh and Ken C. Macdonald
doi:10.1038/nature07887
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Toomey et al. reply ppE12-E13
Douglas R. Toomey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07888
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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RNAi Screens
Dozens of human dengue virus host factors (DVHFs) have been
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of fruitfly cells. It's hoped that the factors, which are
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prove useful therapeutic targets and aid the design of new
treatments and vaccines.
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ARTICLE
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Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic
RNAi pp987-992
Knoblich and colleagues use a library of Drosophila strains
expressing inducible hairpin RNA interference constructs to study
the Notch signalling pathway during external sensory organ
development. They assign putative loss-of-function phenotypes to
21.2% of the protein-coding Drosophila genes, identify 6 new genes
involved in asymmetric cell division and 23 novel genes regulating
the Notch signalling pathway.
Jennifer L. Mummery-Widmer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07936
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces
pp993-995
Asteroids are much 'redder' than meteorites (which come from
asteroids); the accepted explanation is 'space weathering', though
the actual processes and timescales involved have remained
controversial. Vernazza et al. report observations of two young
asteroid families, revealing that 'space weathering' must be a very
rapid process, which favours solar wind implantation as the main
mechanism; they further demonstrate an apparent weathering
dependence on olivine abundance.
P. Vernazza et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07956
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Optimized dynamical decoupling in a model quantum memory pp996-1000
Quantum systems are subject to random phase errors that can
dramatically affect the fidelity of a desired quantum operation or
measurement, but existing quantum error correction techniques have
large resource requirements, motivating a search for alternative
strategies. The authors experimentally validate the use of the
dynamical decoupling technique to suppress qubit error rates, using
novel optimized pulse sequences that suppress errors by orders of
magnitude compared to other existing sequences.
Michael J. Biercuk et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07951
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Universal transduction scheme for nanomechanical systems based on
dielectric forces pp1001-1004
When a non-uniform electric field is applied to a nonconducting
material, that material experiences a force, as in the deflection
of a stream of water by a statically charged comb. Unterreithmeier
and colleagues have adapted this phenomenon to provide a simple,
speedy means of controlling the vibrational properties of tiny
mechanical elements on a chip - or, applying the principle in
reverse, of detecting the motion of these elements. Such
nanoelectromechanical systems are potentially useful for
applications from sensing to signal processing.
Quirin P. Unterreithmeier, Eva M. Weig and Jorg P. Kotthaus
doi:10.1038/nature07932
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Observation of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules pp1005-1008
A Rydberg atom has one electron excited into an orbital with a very
high principal quantum number. The scattering of such an electron
from a second atom in the ground state gives rise to long-range
bonding, yielding giant molecules with internuclear separations
reaching several thousand Bohr radii. Using s-state rubidium Rydberg
atoms with quantum numbers between 34 and 40, Bendkowsky and
colleagues have now spectroscopically characterized such 'Rydberg
molecules', and measured their lifetimes and polarizabilities.
Vera Bendkowsky et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07945
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
The carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in China pp1009-1013
This paper analyses the terrestrial carbon balance of China during
the 1980s and 1990s using biomass and soil carbon inventories
extrapolated by satellite greenness measurements, ecosystem models
and atmospheric inversions. These three methods produce similar
estimates of a net sink of 0.19-0.26 billion tonnes of carbon per
year, indicating that China absorbed 28-37 per cent of its fossil
carbon emissions over these two decades, mainly attributable to
regional climate change, large-scale plantation programmes and
shrub recovery.
Shilong Piao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07944
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon
sink pp1014-1017
More radiation generally increases vegetation photosynthesis, but
field studies show that a given amount of diffuse radiation leads
to more fixed carbon than direct radiation. Mercado and colleagues
simulate the effect of late twentieth century increases in the
diffuse radiation fraction, and find that the terrestrial carbon
sink is enhanced by about 25% -paradoxically, reducing future
anthropogenic pollution will reduce this diffuse radiation effect,
creating a positive feedback to global warming.
Lina M. Mercado et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07949
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
The architecture of mutualistic networks minimizes competition and
increases biodiversity pp1018-1020
In this paper the authors show that the 'nestedness' of mutualistic
interactions between animals and plants acts to reduce competition
and enhance the number of species. Nested networks seem to occur in
many biological and social contexts, indicating that the results are
relevant in a wide range of fields, from biology to banking.
Ugo Bastolla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07950
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
A semi-aquatic Arctic mammalian carnivore from the Miocene epoch
and origin of Pinnipedia pp1021-1024
Seals, sea lions and the walrus (collectively the pinnipeds) evolved
from land-living carnivores, but the earliest known pinniped,
Enaliarctos, already had flippers. This paper describes a fossil
from the Canadian Arctic that represents an earlier stage in
pinniped evolution, documenting the otter-like transition between
land and water.
Natalia Rybczynski, Mary R. Dawson and Richard H. Tedford
doi:10.1038/nature07985
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Temporally precise in vivo control of intracellular signalling
pp1025-1029
Ion channels driven by light have provided electrophysiologists with
unprecedented control over the activity state of neurons; here
Deisseroth and colleagues introduce new molecules that offer a
similar level of control over signalling pathways to biochemists.
Opsin/GPCR chimaeras were engineered, enabling the authors to
modulate G-protein activity via light, which in turn could influence
neuronal firing; activating these molecules expressed in vivo could
drive conditioned place preference in behaving mice.
Raag D. Airan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07926
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Natural variation in a neural globin tunes oxygen sensing in wild
Caenorhabditis elegans pp1030-1033
This study shows that the soluble guanylate cyclase GCY-35 responds
to increased oxygen and that a neural globin, GLB-5, is involved in
sensing reduced oxygen. The behavioural response to GLB-5 activation
involves the neuropeptide receptor NPR-1, and both glb-5 and npr-1
show natural variation amongst different Caenorhabditis elegans
strains.
Annelie Persson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07820
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission pp1034-1038
Glycerol monolaurate in a microbicide is shown to protect monkeys
from infection after intra-vaginal exposure to high doses of SIV.
The suppressive activity may be due to the inhibition of target cell
recruitment due to glycerol-monolaurate-mediated inhibition of
epithelial cell signalling and inflammatory cytokine expression.
Qingsheng Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07831
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Identification of IFRD1 as a modifier gene for cystic fibrosis lung
disease pp1039-1042
Cystic fibrosis is more severe in some individuals than in others.
This study identifies the neutrophil transcriptional co-regulator
IFRD1 as a new genetic modifier.
YuanYuan Gu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07811
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Germline-encoded amino acids in the [agr][bgr] T-cell receptor
control thymic selection pp1043-1046
In this paper the authors present evidence that T-cell receptor
genes encode inherent specificity for major histocompatibility
complex molecules.
James P. Scott-Browne et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07812
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Discovery of insect and human dengue virus host factors pp1047-1050
This report identifies host factors required for Dengue virus
propagation by using a high throughput genome-wide RNA interference
screening approach in Drosophila cells.
October M. Sessions et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07967
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Directional Delta and Notch trafficking in Sara endosomes during
asymmetric cell division pp1051-1055
This study provides a mechanistic basis for differential signalling
of Notch, by showing that in fly sensory organ precursors, Notch and
Delta traffic to special endosomes marked by the protein Sara. The
asymmetric trafficking of endosomes containing Notch and Delta
increases Notch signalling in pIIa daughter cells and decreases it
in pIIb cells.
F. Coumailleau, M. Furthauer, J. A. Knoblich and M. Gonzalez-Gaitan
doi:10.1038/nature07854
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
AMPK regulates energy expenditure by modulating NAD+ metabolism and
SIRT1 activity pp1056-1060
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is shown to transcriptionally
regulate genes involved in controlling energy metabolism in skeletal
muscle by acting together with the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1.
AMPK enhances SIRT1 activity by increasing cellular NAD+ levels,
resulting in the deacetylation and activation of the SIRT1
downstream target PGC-1[alpha].
Carles Canto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07813
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Japan's postdocs open to alternative work p1062
The government and universities must highlight non-academic careers
and nurture a diverse skill set, say Toshiyuki Misu and Akira
Horoiwa.
Toshiyuki Misu & Akira Horoiwa
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1062a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
News
Biotech job projections bleak p1062
Biotech companies are struggling, and jobs in the sector are
becoming scarce, according to one analyst.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1062b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=88&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers Q&A
Systems approach p1063
New BBSRC chief will move science forward with help from the
Internet.
Douglas Kell
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1063a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Take a scientist to work? p1063
Will academia kick me out before I nab my dream job?
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1063b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
US faculty pay rises 3.4% p1063
But numbers compiled before recession took hold.
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1063c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Battery unit for Kentucky p1063
Research to focus on advanced battery technology.
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1063d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Photonics centre launches p1063
New institute will research all aspects of optics and photonics.
doi:10.1038/nj7241-1063e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Outsourced p1066
Equal opportunities?
Shelly Li
doi:10.1038/4581066a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
22 April 2009
Irreversibility of mitotic exit is the consequence of systems-level
feedback
Sandra Lopez-Aviles, Orsolya Kapuy, Bela Novak and Frank Uhlmann
doi:10.1038/nature07984
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of
vomeronasal chemosensors
Stephane Riviere et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08029
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
NAADP mobilizes calcium from acidic organelles through two-pore
channels
Peter J. Calcraft et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08030
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
19 April 2009
GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in
retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis
Ryoji Fujiki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07954
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=32378052&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDc2MzkyNDES1&mt=1&rt=0
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