March 2009 Volume 11 Number 3, pp 227 - 362
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EDITORIAL
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Funding boom or bust? p227
The impact of the continuing economic woes on science funding remains
uncertain. Surprisingly, the crisis may actually reinvigorate research.
Investment in science and education is a prerequisite not only for
emergence from the economic downward spiral, but also for addressing
pressing global needs.
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-227
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REVIEW
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Many roads to maturity: microRNA biogenesis pathways and their
regulation pp228 - 234
Julia Winter et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-228
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Prions tunnel between cells pp235 - 236
Prions are abnormal isoforms of host proteins that are the infectious
agents in certain mammalian neurodegenerative diseases. How prions
travel from their peripheral entry sites to the brain where they cause
disease is poorly understood. A new study finds that tunnelling nanotubes
are important for the intercellular transfer of prions during neuroinvasion.
Hans-Hermann Gerdes
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-235
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
When you are Dishevelled, fat is good and acid is bad! pp237 - 239
Frizzled receptors regulate cell fate decisions and planar cell polarity
by means of distinct intracellular effectors. The choice between these
two signalling outputs may involve a pH-dependent interaction between
Dishevelled and negatively charged lipids at the plasma membrane.
Francois Schweisguth
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-237
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Breast cancer quality control pp239 - 241
Tumorigenesis is regulated by several mechanisms including signalling,
transcription and DNA replication. Now a cytoplasmic protein quality-control
pathway is implicated in the suppression of breast cancer cell growth,
suggesting a new role for quality-control mechanisms in suppressing
cells with malignant potential.
Cam Patterson and Sarah Ronnebaum
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-239
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Prions remodel gene expression in yeast pp241 - 243
Epigenetic mechanisms participate in the regulation of gene transcription
in eukaryotes. Two studies in yeast have revealed an additional mechanism
for controlling global gene transcription that is based on an inherited
self-perpetuating change in the conformation of two different components
of key transcriptional regulatory complexes.
Mick F. Tuite and Brian S. Cox
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-241
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
How to grow a bud: an importin acts in asymmetric division
pp243 - 245
The growth of daughter cells in budding yeast is a classic model for
investigating mechanisms involved in asymmetric cell division.
An unexpected collaboration between the DEAD-box protein Dbp5
and the nuclear transport receptor Kap104 controls localized protein
synthesis at the bud tip during mitosis.
David S. Goldfarb
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-243
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Research highlights p246
doi:10.1038/ncb0309-246
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ARTICLES
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Requirement for Nudel and dynein for assembly of the lamin B spindle
matrix pp247 - 256
Lamin B is a component of a membranous matrix thought to be essential
for spindle assembly. The dynein motor and its interacting protein Nudel
are required for the recruitment of lamin B to the spindle matrix.
Li Ma et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1832
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Myocardin-related transcription factors and SRF are required for cytoskeletal
dynamics and experimental metastasis pp257 - 268
By preventing G-actin accumulation, Rho-GTPase promotes the transcriptional
activity of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs), known co-factors of
serum response factor (SRF). Rho-dependent MRTF expression is required for
injected metastatic cell lines to colonize the lung.
Souhila Medjkane et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1833
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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NuMA-related LIN-5, ASPM-1, calmodulin and dynein promote meiotic spindle
rotation independently of cortical LIN-5/GPR/Galpha pp269 - 277
LIN-5 acts at the cortex with Ga to control spindle positioning but is also
localized at spindle poles. The LIN-5 interacting protein ASPM-1 and
calmodulin are required for its recruitment to spindle poles and the
LIN-5/ASPM-1/calmodulin complex regulates meiotic spindle positioning.
Monique van der Voet et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1834
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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An ATM- and ATR-dependent checkpoint inactivates spindle assembly
by targeting CEP63 pp278 - 285
Double-strand breaks in DNA activate the kinases ATM and ATR, which
block entry into mitosis. ATM and ATR also delay mitotic progression by
controlling spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts through the
phosphorylation of the centrosomal protein CEP63, leading to its
delocalization from the centrosome.
Eloise Smith et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1835
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Electrochemical cues regulate assembly of the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex
at the plasma membrane during planar epithelial polarization pp286 - 294
A genome-wide RNAi screen reveals the importance of local pH regulation
during planar epithelial polarization. The plasma membrane association of
the planar cell polarity components Dishevelled/Frizzled depends on the
activity of the Na+/H+ membrane exchanger Nhe2.
Matias Simons et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1836
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chfr is linked to tumour metastasis through the downregulation of
HDAC1 pp295 - 302
The ubiquitin ligase Chfr polyubiquitylates the histone deacetylase Hdac1,
resulting in its proteolysis and the concomitant upregulation of metastasis
suppressors, which may provide a molecular explanation for the known
effects of Chfr on tumour progression.
Young Mi Oh et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1837
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Intercellular transfer to signalling endosomes regulates an ex vivo bone
marrow niche pp303 - 311
Live-cell imaging shows that haematopoietic progenitor cells contact
osteoblasts through a specialized membrane domain that is consequently
internalized by osteoblasts. This results in downregulation of Smad signalling
and the production of chemokines by osteoblasts that stimulate
haematopoietic progenitor cell homing to bone marrow.
Jennifer M. Gillette, Andre Larochelle, Cynthia E. Dunbar and
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
doi:10.1038/ncb1838
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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The ubiquitin ligase CHIP acts as an upstream regulator of oncogenic
pathways pp312 - 319
The ubiquitin ligase CHIP suppresses tumour growth and metastasis in
breast cancer, and its expression inversely correlates with malignancy.
The role of CHIP in cancer depends on degradation of the transcriptional
co-activator SRC-3, which regulates expression of Smad and Twist.
Masashi Kajiro et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1839
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Oct1 loss of function induces a coordinate metabolic shift that opposes
tumorigenicity pp320 - 327
Cancer cells characteristically undergo a shift from oxidative to glycolytic
metabolism. Loss of the transcription factor Oct1 opposes tumorigenicity
by inducing a coordinate metabolic shift from glucose metabolism to
increased mitochondrial activity and amino acid oxidation.
Arvind Shakya et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1840
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Prions hijack tunnelling nanotubes for intercellular spread pp328 - 336
Tunnelling nanotubes provide a means of intercellular communication.
They are now shown to facilitate spreading of prions between neuronal
cells, as well as their propagation from dentritic cells to primary neurons.
Karine Gousset et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1841
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
SOAR and the polybasic STIM1 domains gate and regulate Orai channels
pp337 - 343
The molecular determinants of gating and regulation of the calcium channel
Orai1 by the ER Ca2+ sensor STIM1 during store-operated calcium entry
are now defined.
Joseph P. Yuan et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1842
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The yeast global transcriptional co-repressor protein Cyc8 can propagate
as a prion pp344 - 349
The transcriptional activator SWI was recently shown to propagate as a
prion in yeast. Cyc8, a co-repressor that regulates a similar set of genes
as SWI, also propagates as a prion, suggesting a link between chromatin
remodelling and cytoplasmic inheritance of prion traits.
Basant K. Patel, Jackie Gavin-Smyth and Susan W. Liebman
doi:10.1038/ncb1843
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nuclear transport factor directs localization of protein synthesis
during mitosis pp350 - 356
The intracellular localization of the karyopherin KAP104 determines where
dissociation of the mRNA binding proteins Nab2 and Nab4 from translation
competent mRNAs takes place, thus controlling local protein synthesis.
Geert van den Bogaart et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1844
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The heterochromatin protein Swi6/HP1 activates replication origins at the
pericentromeric region and silent mating-type locus pp357 - 362
The replication of heterochromatic chromosome regions is temporally
regulated. The yeast heterochromatin protein Swi6 (mammalian HP1)
activates replication origins by recruiting the kinase Dfp1, which facilitates
loading of replication factor Sld3 on early replicating heterochromatin.
Makoto T. Hayashi et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1845
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=31801783&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDYyMjI1NjYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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