March 2009 Volume 8 Number 3, pp 161 - 242
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EDITORIAL
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PUTTING EVOLUTION TO GOOD USE p161
Even materials scientists have reason to celebrate the seminal insights
of Charles Darwin on his bicentenary.
doi:10.1038/nmat2388
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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OUR CHOICE FROM THE RECENT LITERATURE p163
doi:10.1038/nmat2389
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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MOLECULAR MAGNETS: HOW A NIGHTMARE TURNS INTO A VISION pp165 - 166
Two independent studies demonstrate how control over magnetic molecules
on surfaces may lead to new spintronics applications.
Heiko Wende
doi:10.1038/nmat2391
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MATERIAL WITNESS: SHAPING FATE p166
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/nmat2367
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NANOCATALYSIS: STAYING PUT pp167 - 168
Preparation of supported subnanometre platinum clusters that are stable
provides a new design strategy for industrial nanocatalysts.
Gianfranco Pacchioni
doi:10.1038/nmat2394
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MULTIFERROICS: A WAY FORWARD ALONG DOMAIN WALLS pp168 - 169
The discovery that domain walls in insulating thin films of the
multiferroic compound BiFeO3 are electrically conducting opens the door
for a number of possible applications.
Helene Bea and Patrycja Paruch
doi:10.1038/nmat2393
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TRANSITION METALS: CAN METALS BE A LIQUID GLASS? pp170 - 171
The melting of transition metals on compression is a challenging topic.
Computer simulations suggest that hot-compressed tantalum becomes a
one-dimensional, liquid-like glass, with important implications for
understanding planetary interiors.
Daniel Errandonea
doi:10.1038/nmat2386
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EPITAXIAL GRAPHENE: HOW SILICON LEAVES THE SCENE pp171 - 172
Large and homogeneous layers of graphene are obtained by annealing
silicon carbide in a dense noble gas atmosphere that controls the way in
which silicon sublimates. Epitaxial graphene thus gets back on track
towards future electronic applications.
Peter Sutter
doi:10.1038/nmat2392
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MEMBRANES: SHAPING BIOLOGICAL MATTER pp173 - 174
Biological membranes form an extremely complex and dynamic network in
cells, guided by specialized protein machinery. A new algorithm analyses
membrane shape to extract forces applied by proteins controlling the
membranes.
Vadim A. Frolov and Joshua Zimmerberg
doi:10.1038/nmat2390
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REVIEW
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DEFORMATION AND FAILURE OF PROTEIN MATERIALS IN PHYSIOLOGICALLY EXTREME
CONDITIONS AND DISEASE pp175 - 188
Markus J. Buehler and Yu Ching Yung
doi:10.1038/nmat2387
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LETTERS
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SUPRAMOLECULAR CONTROL OF THE MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL
HIGH-SPIN FE ARRAYS AT A METAL INTERFACE pp189 - 193
Although magnetic molecules are widely investigated for their potential
use in memory devices, their regular arrangement on surfaces has proven
difficult. Arrays of iron atoms, linked by molecular ligands, have now
been fabricated on copper surfaces. Importantly, the magnetism of the
iron atoms is preserved and can be switched through oxygen adsorption.
Pietro Gambardella et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2376
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=31545231&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDU5NTg1OTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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MAGNETIC MEMORY OF A SINGLE-MOLECULE QUANTUM MAGNET WIRED TO A GOLD
SURFACE pp194 - 197
Molecular magnets are promising for their use as high-density memory
devices. However, maintaining the molecules' magnetic state when bonded
to a substrate has been impossible. The discovery, in sophisticated
experiments, that single magnetic molecules can indeed show magnetic
hysteresis when wired to a gold surface opens the door to individually
address magnetic molecules.
Matteo Mannini et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2374
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ROOM-TEMPERATURE DEFECT-ENGINEERED SPIN FILTER BASED ON A NON-MAGNETIC
SEMICONDUCTOR pp198 - 202
The possibility of polarizing conducting charges in a material by blocking
those with a specific spin direction could lead to efficient spintronic
devices. It is now shown that spin polarized-defects in a non-magnetic
semiconductor can deplete electrons with opposite spins and turn the
semiconductor into an efficient spin filter operating at room temperature.
X. J. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2385
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=31545231&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDU5NTg1OTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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TOWARDS WAFER-SIZE GRAPHENE LAYERS BY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE GRAPHITIZATION
OF SILICON CARBIDE pp203 - 207
Thermal annealing of SiC produces graphene layers on an insulating
substrate, but the material is highly inhomogeneous. It is now shown
that an argon atmosphere during annealing improves uniformity of the
graphene layers dramatically and yields better transport characteristics.
This is a very important result for the development of graphene-based
electronic devices.
Konstantin V. Emtsev et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2382
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ENDOHEDRAL FULLERENES FOR ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES pp208 - 212
A limiting factor of the power conversion efficiencies of organic
photovoltaic devices is low voltage output. Methano derivatives of the
trimetallic endohedral fullerene Lu3N@C80 have now been synthesized and
used as the acceptor in organic photovoltaics. The open circuit voltage
of the devices is significantly above those made using alternative
fullerenes.
Russel B. Ross et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2379
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SUBNANOMETRE PLATINUM CLUSTERS AS HIGHLY ACTIVE AND SELECTIVE CATALYSTS
FOR THE OXIDATIVE DEHYDROGENATION OF PROPANE pp213 - 216
Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes is limited by poor
activity and/or selectivity. Efficient conversion of propane to propylene
is now achieved using sub-nanometre Pt clusters stabilized on alumina
supports. The clusters are shown to be substantially more active than
conventional catalysts and are highly selective towards propylene
formation.
Stefan Vajda et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2384
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MESOPOROUS GERMANIUM-RICH CHALCOGENIDO FRAMEWORKS WITH HIGHLY POLARIZABLE
SURFACES AND RELEVANCE TO GAS SEPARATION pp217 - 222
Mesoporous materials with tunable, non-oxidic frameworks possess
structural characteristics that make them attractive for catalytic and
optoelectronic applications. Porous materials based on germanium-rich
chalcogenide networks and polarizable surfaces exhibit selectivity for
separating hydrogen from methane and carbon dioxide.
Gerasimos S. Armatas and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
doi:10.1038/nmat2381
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ARTICLES
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SHEAR-INDUCED ANISOTROPIC PLASTIC FLOW FROM BODY-CENTRED-CUBIC TANTALUM
BEFORE MELTING pp223 - 228
The melting of transition metals at high pressures has been subject to
intensive debate, given seemingly contradictory experimental evidence.
Molecular dynamics calculations now demonstrate how, at high pressure,
shear induces a transition from body-centred-cubic tantalum to a
one-dimensional structure, offering a plausible explanation for
experimental observations.
Christine J. Wu, Per Soderlind, James N. Glosli and John E. Klepeis
doi:10.1038/nmat2375
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CONDUCTION AT DOMAIN WALLS IN OXIDE MULTIFERROICS pp229 - 234
Domain walls may be important in future electronic devices, given their
small size as well as the fact that their location can be controlled.
In the case of insulating multiferroic oxides, domain walls are now
discovered to be electrically conductive, suggesting their possible use
in logic and memory applications.
J. Seidel et al.
doi:10.1038/nmat2373
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=31545231&r=MTc2NDk2MzQxMQS2&b=2&j=NDU5NTg1OTMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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THE INFLUENCE OF EDGE STRUCTURE ON THE ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
QUANTUM DOTS AND NANORIBBONS pp235 - 242
Graphene nanostructures-like nanoribbons or quantum dots-hold great
potential for applications. An extensive STM study elucidates how the
details of the nanostructure edges heavily influence the electronic
properties, which can vary between metallic and semiconducting according
to the predominancy of zigzag or armchair edges.
Kyle A. Ritter and Joseph W. Lyding
doi:10.1038/nmat2378
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