January 2009 Volume 10 Number 1, pp 1 - 125
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EDITORIAL
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New challenges for a new leader p1
Will the ongoing financial crisis prevent Barack Obama from
increasing funding for the biomedical sciences?
doi:10.1038/ni0109-1
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-1.html
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ESSAY
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Signaling to gene expression: calcium, calcineurin and NFAT
pp3 - 5
Anjana Rao recounts the contributions of two talented and
productive postdoctoral fellows who purified and characterized
the transcription factor NFAT.
Anjana Rao
doi:10.1038/ni0109-3
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-3.html
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MEETING REPORT
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'Toll2008' outgrows its name pp7 - 10
On 24-27 September 2008, members of the scientific community
gathered to discuss advances in innate immunity at the 'Toll
meeting' in Cascais, Portugal. Before long, attendees noticed
that 'Toll2008' might be a misnomer.
Cherilyn M Sirois, Veit Hornung and Eicke Latz
doi:10.1038/ni0109-7
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-7.html
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Spotlight on IL-22-producing NK cell receptor-expressing mucosal
lymphocytes pp11 - 12
New findings show that a subpopulation of mucosal ROR gamma t+
cells expresses natural killer cell receptors and produces
interleukin 22. These innate immune cells may be pivotal in
maintaining mucosal homeostasis.
Karl-Johan Malmberg and Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
doi:10.1038/ni0109-11
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-11.html
From immunity to tolerance through HDAC pp13 - 14
Regulation of expression of the gene encoding interleukin 10 by
the histone deacetylase HDAC11 emphasizes the ability of an
antigen-presenting cell to induce immunity or tolerance in CD4+ T
cells.
Katia Georgopoulos
doi:10.1038/ni0109-13
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-13.html
Rules to 'prime' by pp14 - 16
A systems biology approach provides correlates of successful
vaccination, which allows a new method for measuring early
vaccine efficiency and suggests hypotheses for the mechanisms
that underlie immunogenicity.
Paul G Thomas and Peter C Doherty
doi:10.1038/ni0109-14
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-14.html
A new function for the RNA-editing enzyme ADAR1 pp16 - 18
ADAR1 catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine in
double-stranded RNA. This RNA-editing enzyme is now shown to be
involved in hematopoiesis, where it acts to suppress interferon
signaling and to block premature apoptosis.
Hisashi Iizasa and Kazuko Nishikura
doi:10.1038/ni0109-16
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-16.html
Research Highlights p19
doi:10.1038/ni0109-19
http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni0109-19.html
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REVIEW
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Calcium signaling in immune cells pp21 - 27
Monika Vig and Jean-Pierre Kinet
doi:10.1038/ni.f.220
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.f.220.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.f.220.html
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ARTICLES
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Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory
receptors during chronic viral infection pp29 - 37
Chronic infection can lead to T cell exhaustion. Wherry and
colleagues demonstrate that a hierarchy of inhibitory receptors c
oregulate CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection.
Shawn D Blackburn et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1679
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1679.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1679.html
Proteolysis of NF-kappa B1 p105 is essential for T cell antigen
receptor-induced proliferation pp38 - 47
The functional importance of TCR-induced degradation of p105
NF-kappa B is unclear. Ley and colleagues now show it is required
for regulatory and memory T cell differentiation and for mature T
cell function.
Srividya Sriskantharajah et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1685
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1685.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1685.html
The surface protein TIGIT suppresses T cell activation by promoting
the generation of mature immunoregulatory dendritic cells
pp48 - 57
Dendritic cells (DCs) can promote or inhibit T cell responses. Grogan
and colleagues show that the T cell protein TIGIT, by engaging
poliovirus receptor on DCs, promotes DC interleukin 10 production,
which inhibits T cell activation.
Xin Yu et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1674
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1674.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1674.html
Cortical sinus probing, S1P1-dependent entry and flow-based capture
of egressing T cells pp58 - 65
Lymphocytes exit lymph nodes and return to the bloodstream through
the efferent lymphatics. Cyster and colleagues show that lymphocytes
exit into cortical sinuses by a pathway dependent on sphingosine
1-phosphate receptor type 1.
Irina L Grigorova et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1682
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1682.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1682.html
Human fetal lymphoid tissue-inducer cells are interleukin
17-producing precursors to RORC+ CD127+ natural killer-like cells
pp66 - 74
Mouse lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription
factor ROR gamma t. Cupedo's group identifies ROR gamma t+ human LTi
cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and
teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe ROR gamma t-expressing
interleukin 22-producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Tom Cupedo et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1668
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1668.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1668.html
Influence of the transcription factor ROR gamma t on the development
of NKp46+ cell populations in gut and skin pp75 - 82
Mouse lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription
factor ROR gamma t. Cupedo's group identifies ROR gamma t+ human LTi
cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and
teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe ROR gamma t-expressing
interleukin 22-producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Carmelo Luci et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1681
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1681.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1681.html
ROR gamma t and commensal microflora are required for the
differentiation of mucosal interleukin 22-producing NKp46+ cells
pp83 - 91
Mouse lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells require the transcription
factor ROR gamma t. Cupedo's group identifies ROR gamma t+ human LTi
cell equivalents as committed natural killer cell precursors, and
teams led by Vivier and Diefenbach describe ROR gamma t-expressing
interleukin 22-producing natural killer cells in mouse gut.
Stephanie L Sanos et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1684
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1684.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1684.html
The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of
interleukin 10 and immune tolerance pp92 - 100
Interleukin 10 dampens inflammation and prevents excessive tissue
damage during immune responses. Sotomayor and colleagues show that
the histone deacetylase HDAC11 negatively regulates expression of
the gene encoding interleukin 10 and immune tolerance.
Alejandro Villagra et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1673
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1673.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1673.html
The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines
and supports their promigratory activity pp101 - 108
Nonsignaling chemokine receptors are thought to function as chemokine
'decoys'. Rot and colleagues now show that the nonsignaling chemokine
receptor DARC functions to unidirectionally transport inflammatory
chemokines toward apical endothelial surfaces.
Monika Pruenster et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1675
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1675.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1675.html
ADAR1 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and
suppression of interferon signaling pp109 - 115
ADAR1 is an adenosine deaminase that acts on double-stranded RNA.
Orkin and colleagues show that ADAR1 protects hematopoietic stem
cells from interferon-induced insult and is needed to maintain
long-term hematopoiesis.
Jochen C Hartner, Carl R Walkley, Jun Lu and Stuart H Orkin
doi:10.1038/ni.1680
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1680.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1680.html
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RESOURCE
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Systems biology approach predicts immunogenicity of the yellow
fever vaccine in humans pp116 - 125
Troy D Querec et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1688
Abstract: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/abs/ni.1688.html
Article: http://www.nature.com/ni/journal/v10/n1/full/ni.1688.html
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