November 2008 Volume 10 Number 11, pp 1233 - 1371
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EDITORIAL
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Colouring in cells p1233
This year's Nobel Prizes mark the most significant technological advance
in cell biology, GFP et al., as well as two discoveries in virology with major
health implications.
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1233
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXX0EW
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BOOK REVIEW
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Gray's Anatomy for worms p1234
Jonathan Hodgkin reviews C. elegans Atlas by David H. Hall and Zeynep F. Altun
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1234
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXY0EX
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CORRESPONDENCE
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UCPs - unlikely calcium porters pp1235 - 1237
Paul S. Brookes et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1235
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXZ0EY
UCP2/3 - likely to be fundamental for mitochondrial Ca2+
uniport pp1237 - 1240
Michael Trenker, Ismene Fertschai, Roland Malli and Wolfgang F. Graier
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1237
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXa0Ef
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REVIEW
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DNA damage and ageing: new-age ideas for an age-old problem
pp1241 - 1247
George A. Garinis, Gijsbertus T.J. van der Horst, Jan Vijg and
Jan H.J. Hoeijmakers
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1241
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXb0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXc0Eh
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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On your MARKS, get SET, METHYLATE! pp1249 - 1250
Trans-tail regulation is the linked post-translational modification
of tails on different histones. Two important studies implicate Swd2
as the link between H2B ubiquitylation and H3 methylation. Swd2
is a component of both the SET1 methyltransferase complex and
the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CPF, implicating trans-tail
regulation in differentiating events at the beginning and end of genes.
Jane Mellor
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1249
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXd0Ei
Bad hair days for mouse PCP mutants pp1251 - 1253
Mammalian hairs have characteristic patterns of orientation, with a
predominantly rostral to caudal direction, occasional swirls and a high
level of local correlation between hairs. A detailed new study
demonstrates that the polarity of hairs derives from an underlying planar
polarity of the basal epidermal cells from which hair follicles arise.
Jeffrey D. Axelrod
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1251
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXe0Ej
A new dawn for Aurora? pp1253 - 1254
The balance between proliferation and differentiation is essential not
only for the generation and maintenance of tissues, but also to prevent
uncontrolled cell division and tumorigenesis. The mitotic kinase Aurora A
coordinates cell-cycle events and asymmetric division by regulating
localization of the cell fate determinant Numb through remodelling of
the conserved PAR polarity complex.
Andrea H. Brand
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1253
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXf0Ek
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Research highlights p1255
Nathalie Le Bot, Silvia Grisendi, Christina Karlsson Rosenthal and
Sowmya Swaminathan
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1255
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXg0El
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ARTICLES
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Planar polarization in embryonic epidermis orchestrates global asymmetric
morphogenesis of hair follicles pp1257 - 1268
Mammalian hair follicles are aligned along the anterior-posterior axis.
The planar cell polarity genes Vangl2 and Celsr1 are essential for hair
follicle polarization and orientation.
Danelle Devenport and Elaine Fuchs
doi:10.1038/ncb1784
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXh0Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXi0En
KIF1Bbeta- and KIF1A-mediated axonal transport of presynaptic regulator
Rab3 occurs in a GTP-dependent manner through DENN/MADD pp1269 - 1279
The large, multi-functional protein DENN/MADD is an important linker
between Rab3 and the kinesin-3 motor proteins KIF1Bbeta and KIF1A in
the transport of synaptic vesicle precursors.
Shinsuke Niwa, Yosuke Tanaka and Nobutaka Hirokawa
doi:10.1038/ncb1785
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXj0Eo
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXk0Ep
Epigenetic restriction of embryonic cell lineage fate by methylation
of Elf5 pp1280 - 1290
A genome-wide screen reveals that the transcription factor Elf5 is
epigenetically silenced in the embryonic cell lineage and that its
expression is restricted to the trophoblast, where it creates a
positive-feedback loop with Cdx2 and Eomes.
Ray Kit Ng et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1786
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXl0Eq
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXm0Er
A model for transmission of the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark
pp1291 - 1300
The chromatin mark H3K27me3 is transmitted during cell division
by recruitment and binding of the PRC2 complex, which maintains
the mark and leads to methylation of H3K27 on newly incorporated histones.
Klaus H. Hansen et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1787
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXn0Es
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXo0Et
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LETTERS
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Actin-driven chromosomal motility leads to symmetry breaking in mammalian
meiotic oocytes pp1301 - 1308
In mammalian oocytes, cell polarity is established when meiosis I
chromosomes move from the egg centre to the cortex. This translocation
is dependent on actin filaments trailing behind the chromosomes, and on
the actin-nucleating activity of the formin Fmn2.
Hongbin Li, Fengli Guo, Boris Rubinstein and Rong Li
doi:10.1038/ncb1788
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXp0Eu
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXq0Ev
IAPs contain an evolutionarily conserved ubiquitin-binding domain that
regulates NF-kappaB as well as cell survival and oncogenesis
pp1309 - 1317
A ubiquitin binding domain in the IAP proteins binds Lys 63-linked
poly-ubiquitin chains and is essential for the oncogenic potential of
cIAP. This domain is also required for activating NF-kappaB, possibly
by binding poly-ubiquitinated NEMO.
Mads Gyrd-Hansen et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1789
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXr0Ew
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXs0Ex
The TBP-PP2A mitotic complex bookmarks genes by preventing condensin
action pp1318 - 1323
The general transcription factor TATA-binding protein (TBP) is retained at
gene promoters during mitosis, where it recruits PP2A to inactivate condensin.
Chromatin decondensation at promoters may be associated with gene
bookmarking, a mechanism to re-establish gene activity patterns in daughter cells.
Hongyan Xing, Nathan L. Vanderford and Kevin D. Sarge
doi:10.1038/ncb1790
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXt0Ey
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXu0Ez
Formation of stress granules inhibits apoptosis by suppressing
stress-responsive MAPK pathways pp1324 - 1332
Stress-induced MAPK-dependent apoptosis is inhibited by the formation
of stress granules, which sequester and inactivate the MTK1 activator RACK1.
Kyoko Arimoto et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1791
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXv0E1
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXw0E2
Tethering by lamin A stabilizes and targets the ING1 tumour suppressor
pp1333 - 1340
ING proteins bind to lamin A. ING1 expression and localization is perturbed
in lamin A-null cells. Data from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS)
cells, which carry mutations in lamin A, suggest that loss of lamin A-ING
interaction may contribute to the HGPS phenotype.
Xijing Han et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1792
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXx0E3
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXy0E4
Loss of nucleoplasmic LAP2alpha-lamin A complexes causes erythroid
and epidermal progenitor hyperproliferation pp1341 - 1348
Abnormal relocalization of A-type lamins to the nuclear envelope in
LAP2alpha-deficient mice impairs pRb-mediated regulation of progenitor
cell proliferation and differentiation in highly regenerative tissues.
Nana Naetar et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1793
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAXz0E5
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX10Er
The S100A8-serum amyloid A3-TLR4 paracrine cascade establishes a
pre-metastatic phase pp1349 - 1355
The production of chemoattractants in the pre-metastatic lung can be induced
by distant primary tumours. The chemoattractants S100A8 and S100A9 induce
serum amyloid A3 and TLR4 activation and cause an inflammation-like state
that facilitates metastasis.
Sachie Hiratsuka et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1794
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX20Es
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX30Et
Scaffolding function of PAK in the PDK1-Akt pathway pp1356 - 1364
In a kinase-independent manner, PAK1 serves as a scaffold that regulates
Akt recruitment to the membrane and its stimulation by PDK1, thus regulating
efficiency, localization and specificity of the PDK-Akt pathway.
Maiko Higuchi, Keisuke Onishi, Chikako Kikuchi and Yukiko Gotoh
doi:10.1038/ncb1795
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX40Eu
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX50Ev
Ubiquitylation of the COMPASS component Swd2 links H2B ubiquitylation
to H3K4 trimethylation pp1365 - 1371
Mono-ubiquitylation of histone H2B is required for methylation of histone
H3K4. Ubiquitylation of H2B in turn promotes ubiquitylation of Swd2,
a component of the SET1/COMPASS methyltransferase. Inhibiting Swd2
ubiquitylation impairs recruitment of the COMPASS subunit, which is
essential for methylation, and results in reduced H3K4 methylation.
Adeline Vitaliano-Prunier et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1796
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX60Ew
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX70Ex
----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Uncoupling proteins 2 and 3 are fundamental for mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport
p1371
Michael Trenker et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1108-1371
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eobF0Xztnp0HjD0CAX80Ey
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Focus on Cell Polarity
Cell polarization is crucial for the development of unicellular and multicellular organisms, and is achieved through the coordinated actions of signalling pathways, membrane trafficking mechanisms and cytoskeletal dynamics. This special Focus aims to capture the status quo of cell polarity research in a range of different systems.
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