20 November 2008 Volume 456 Number 7220 pp281-420
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Darwin at 200: News Special
Next year will be the 200th anniversary of the
birth of Charles Robert Darwin, perhaps the most
influential scientist of modern times. In this
Nature News special, the world's leading scientific
journal will bring together news, research and
analysis of Darwin, his life, his science and his legacy.
This special will be updated throughout 2009 with
essays, podcasts and free educational resources.
Click here to access the first instalment.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBu70E6
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Finance in Crisis
As the world faces its biggest financial crisis in
decades, Nature keeps you updated on what it all
means for science. Will your research funding be cut?
How secure is your company or research institution?
And can the meltdown actually create opportunities
for science?
Click here to access selected content from the
Nature News special free online.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0B7tC0E5
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Beyond the origin p281
This issue of Nature anticipates next year's bicentenary of Charles
Darwin's birth and the 150th anniversary of On The Origin of Species.
We begin here with a look 50 years into the future.
doi:10.1038/456281a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBu80E7
Call to action pp281-282
European scientists who support neuroscience research on primates
should tell their politicians why.
doi:10.1038/456281b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvA0EI
Stem-cell futures p282
In the changed political climate, US agencies can provide a new kind
of leadership.
doi:10.1038/456282a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvB0EJ
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Genetics: Quick change p284
doi:10.1038/456284a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvC0EK
Zoology: Whiff of danger p284
doi:10.1038/456284b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvD0EL
Physics: Flags and drag p284
doi:10.1038/456284c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvE0EM
Chemical biology: Honey trap p284
doi:10.1038/456284d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvF0EN
Molecular biology: Silent guide p284
doi:10.1038/456284e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvG0EO
Astronomy: Missing no more pp284-285
doi:10.1038/456284f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvH0EP
Nanotechnology: Super speakers p285
doi:10.1038/456285a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvI0EQ
Chemistry: Snip it with zinc p285
doi:10.1038/456285b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvJ0ER
Microbiology: The one and only p285
doi:10.1038/456285c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvK0ES
Zoology: Sex with a twist p285
doi:10.1038/456285d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvL0ET
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p285
Jagadeesh Bayry
doi:10.1038/456285e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvM0EU
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Nuclear renaissance plans hit by financial crisis pp286-287
Role of fission in fighting climate change looks likely to wane.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/456286a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvN0EV
Web data predict flu pp287-288
Search engines provide information about epidemics.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/456287a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBu20E1
Gene testing of embryos needs guiding pp288
Experts caution against use of tests for adult-onset disorders.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/456288a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvO0EW
Forestry carbon dioxide projects to close down p289
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/456289a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvP0EX
Snapshot: Carbon stores p290
Alexandra Witze
doi:10.1038/456290a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvQ0EY
Electron 'bump' may confirm dark matter pp290-291
Finding from balloon experiment adds to satellite data.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/456290b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvR0EZ
Middle East synchrotron on the lookout for funds p291
Jordan facility needs final donations to construct machine.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/456291a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvS0Ea
Satellite risks losing sight of Earth p292
Agencies to decide if grounded mission should fly as solar probe
instead.
Ashley Yeager
doi:10.1038/456292a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvT0Eb
Coal-fired power plants face delay in United States pp293
doi:10.1038/456293a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvU0Ec
US court allows sonar exercises to continue pp293
doi:10.1038/456293b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvV0Ed
Drug giant shows its commitment to stem cells pp293
doi:10.1038/456293c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvW0Ee
Ecstasy could augment the benefits of psychotherapy pp293
doi:10.1038/456293d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvX0Ef
US drug agency opens outposts in China pp293
doi:10.1038/456293e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvY0Eg
Indian space mission stakes its claim on the Moon pp293
doi:10.1038/456293f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvZ0Eh
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Beyond the origin p295
Celebrating the man and the book
doi:10.1038/456295a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBva0Eo
Darwin 200: The needs of the many pp296-299
The idea that natural selection acts on groups, as well as
individuals, is a source of unending debate.
Marek Kohn reports on what the two sides disagree about — and why it
matters to them.
doi:10.1038/456296a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvb0Ep
Darwin 200: Beneath the surface pp300-303
You might think that once evolution has found one way to get something
done, it will stick with it. But similar physical forms can hide
radically different wiring, finds Tanguy Chouard.
doi:10.1038/456300a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvc0Eq
Darwin 200: An eye for the eye pp304-309
A celebration of one of evolution's crowning glories.
Simon Ings
doi:10.1038/456304a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvd0Er
Darwin 200: Let's make a mammoth pp310-314
Evolution assumes that extinction is forever. Maybe not.
Henry Nicholls asks what it would take to bring the woolly mammoth
back from the dead.
doi:10.1038/456310a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBve0Es
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Key discoveries often originate with lone researchers p315
Shawn J. Green and Jon Brendsel
doi:10.1038/456315a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvf0Et
Significant confusion in scientists' grasp of statistics p315
R. Allan Reese
doi:10.1038/456315b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvg0Eu
Biocultural diversity should be a priority for conservation p315
Christopher P. Dunn
doi:10.1038/456315c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvh0Ev
----------------------
COMMENTARY
----------------------
Darwin 200: Great expectations pp317-318
A new path for evolution? A truce in the culture wars? Here's what a
selection of readers told Nature they expect from Darwin 200.
doi:10.1038/456317a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvi0Ew
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Colonies that conquer pp320-321
Manfred Milinski reviews The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and
Strangeness of Insect Societies by Bert Holldobler and E. O. Wilson
doi:10.1038/456320a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvj0Ex
Darwin: heading to a town near you pp322-323
The theory of evolution challenges artists and philosophers as much as
scientists. Joanne Baker rounds up the many forthcoming events
worldwide that examine Darwin's life, his work and reactions to it.
doi:10.1038/456322a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvk0Ey
Books in Brief: A Down House bookshelf p323
doi:10.1038/456323a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvl0Ez
----------------------
ESSAYS
----------------------
Birthdays to remember pp324-325
Anniversaries of Charles Darwin's life and work have been used to
rewrite and re-energize his theory of natural selection.
Janet Browne tracks a century of Darwinian celebrations.
doi:10.1038/456324a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvm0E1
Being human: Conflict: Altruism's midwife pp326-327
Generosity and solidarity towards one's own may have emerged only in
combination with hostility towards outsiders, says Samuel Bowles.
doi:10.1038/456326a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvn0E2
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Astrophysics: A message from the dark side pp329-330
Both astrophysicists and particle physicists are in on the hunt for
the elusive dark matter that is thought to pervade the Universe. A
high-altitude balloon-borne experiment offers the latest hints as to
what it could be.
Yousaf M. Butt
doi:10.1038/456329a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvo0E3
DNA sequencing: Mammoth genomics pp330-331
Reconstruction of most of the genome sequence of the woolly mammoth
illustrates how such investigations will pave the way for a deeper
understanding of the biology and evolution of extinct species.
Michael Hofreiter
doi:10.1038/456330a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvp0E4
Palaeoclimate: Greenhouse-gas fingerprints pp331-333
Short episodes of warming and cooling occurred throughout the last
glaciation. An innovative modelling study indicates that
ocean-circulation changes produced much of the causative variation
in greenhouse gases.
Thomas F. Stocker and Adrian Schilt
doi:10.1038/456331a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvq0E5
Cell biology: Nuclear order out of chaos pp333-334
How cells build their internal structures remains one of the central
mysteries in cell biology. If the cell nucleus is anything to go by,
stochastic assembly and self-organization seem to be key.
Tom Misteli
doi:10.1038/456333a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvr0E6
Nanotechnology: Squaring up with polymers pp334-336
Squares may be unfashionable, but for electronic circuitry no other
shape will do. A method for making square arrays of polymeric
nanoparticles could herald the next generation of miniature silicon
chips.
Anthony J. Ryan
doi:10.1038/456334a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvs0E7
Cell biology: Why little swimmers take turns p334
Tim Lincoln
doi:10.1038/456334b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvt0E8
Physiology: Courier service for ammonia pp336-337
Physiological studies in mice demonstrate a surprising role for a
kidney protein related to the rhesus factor of red blood cells.
Similar research would aid further annotation of mammalian genomes.
Mark A. Knepper
doi:10.1038/456336a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvu0EA
Structural biology: Enzyme knocked for a loop pp337-338
Protein-digesting enzymes are kept on a tight leash to stop them from
wantonly attacking targets. Two crystal structures show how an
inhibitory protein domain gags one such enzyme without being chewed
up itself.
Ronald L. Mellgren
doi:10.1038/456337a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvv0EB
50 & 100 years ago p337
doi:10.1038/456337b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvw0EC
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility pp339-343
It is shown that mice lacking the renal Rhcg factor have impaired
ammonium excretion, thereby refuting the long-standing notion that
rapid transepithelial transport of non-ionic ammonia occurs solely
by lipid phase diffusion. In addition, it is shown that Rhcg is
required for epididymal fluid homeostasis with clear consequences
for male fertility.
Sophie Biver et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07518
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvx0ED
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvy0EE
Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult human testis p344
It is now established that pluripotent adult germline stem cells
(haGSCs) are derived from spermatogonial cells of adult human testis
and proposed that it may be possible to derive haGSCs from testicular
biopsies to generate cells for individual cell based therapy.
Sabine Conrad et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07404
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBvz0EF
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv10E1
Structure of the intact PPAR-bold gamma–RXR-alpha nuclear receptor
complex on DNA p350
This paper presents the crystal structures of an intact nuclear
receptor complex--the heterodimer of PPAR-gamma and RXR-alpha bound to
DNA, ligands and coactivator peptides.
Vikas Chandra et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07413
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv20E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv30E3
Identification of Holliday junction resolvases from humans and yeast pp357-361
A four-stranded DNA intermediate, known as a Holliday junction, is
formed during meiosis and DNA repair. This structure covalently links
two DNA molecules. The product of the RuvC gene in Escherichia coli
was shown to be the bacterial Holliday junction resolvase. The
mammalian enzyme has remained refractory to identification until now,
where GEN1 is identified as the human resolvase.
Stephen C. Y. Ip et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07470
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv40E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv50E5
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
An excess of cosmic ray electrons at energies of 300-800 GeV pp362-365
This paper reports an excess of galactic cosmic ray electrons at
energies of ~300 800 GeV, which indicates a nearby source of energetic
electrons. Such a source could be an unseen astrophysical object that
accelerates electrons to those energies, or the electrons could arise
from the annihilation of dark matter.
J. Chang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07477
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv60E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv70E7
Isotropic quantum scattering and unconventional superconductivity pp366-368
In most superconductors, the pairing up of electrons responsible for
resistance less conduction is driven by vibrations of the solid's
crystal lattice. But other materials exist in which the attractive
interaction responsible for binding electrons is believed to have a
very different origin: quantum fluctuations of spin or charge. This
paper identifies an unusually 'violent' generalization of such pairing
mechanisms, in which these spin and charge instabilities combine forces.
T. Park et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07431
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBv80E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwA0EJ
Twinning superlattices in indium phosphide nanowires pp369-372
In this paper, the crystal structure and stacking fault density of
semiconducting nanowires composed of the same material are controlled
by doping, leading to twinning superlattices. Periodic arrays of
rotational dislocations lead to crystal heterostructures in indium
phosphide and gallium phosphide nanowires.
Rienk E. Algra et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07570
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwB0EK
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwC0EL
Glacial greenhouse-gas fluctuations controlled by ocean circulation changes pp373-376
This paper presents simulations with a coupled model of glacial
climate and biogeochemical cycles, forced only with changes in the
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. It is found that
variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on millennial time
scales are dominated by slow changes in the deep ocean inventory of
biologically sequestered carbon and are correlated to Antarctic
temperature and Southern Ocean stratification. The results suggest
that ocean circulation changes were the primary mechanism that drove
glacial fluctuations in carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide fluctuations
on millennial time scales.
Andreas Schmittner and Eric D. Galbraith
doi:10.1038/nature07531
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwD0EM
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwE0EN
Long-period earthquakes and co-eruptive dome inflation seen with
particle image velocimetry pp377-381
This study presents optical geodetic observations to constrain the
sources responsible for long period volcanic earthquakes, which are
coincident with frequent explosive eruptions at Santiaguito Volcano,
Guatemala. It is found that acceleration in deformation of the
volcanic dome, extracted from the high resolution optical image
processing, is coincident with recorded long period seismic sources.
On the basis of these observations, abrupt mass shift of solidified
domes, conduit magma or magma pads seem to be part of the mechanism
responsible for generating long period earthquakes at silicic volcanic
systems.
Jeffrey B. Johnson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07429
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwF0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwG0EP
Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the
bilaterian mouth and anus p382
Most bilaterian animals have a through gut and it is commonly believed
that in the transition from radial to bilaterial symmetry, both
openings evolved simultaneously by the partial, lateral closure of a
slit like blastopore. This idea is called into question by work on
acoel flatworms, primitive bilaterians that have a mouth but no anus.
In studies of the acoel Convolutriloba longifissura, molecular markers
are used to show that the acoel's mouth does indeed correspond with a
mouth, and that molecular markers characteristic of the hind end of
the gut cluster around the (blind) end of the body, in a posterior
domain associated with a gonopore.
Andreas Hejnol & Mark Q. Martindale
doi:10.1038/nature07309
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwH0EQ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwI0ER
Sequencing the nuclear genome of the extinct woolly mammoth pp387-390
This is the first report of the sequencing of the nearly complete
nuclear genome of an extinct animal, the woolly mammoth. 4.1 billion
bases of high quality sequence from several mammoth species are r
eported, including 3.3 billion bases from the woolly mammoth. Nuclear
genome sequencing of extinct species and its comparison with the
extant relatives (in this case African elephant) provide insights into
elephantid evolution and population differences.
Webb Miller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07446
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwJ0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBuz0EE
Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus p391
It was thought that attentional effects arise in the thalamus but for
the visual system, evidence at the single cell level has been rare.
This paper demonstrates spatial attentional modulation in primate
lateral geniculate nucleus as well as opposing effects in the adjacent
thalamic reticular nucleus, which makes inhibitory connections onto it.
Kerry McAlonan, James Cavanaugh & Robert H. Wurtz
doi:10.1038/nature07382
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwK0ET
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwL0EU
Mechanism of phototaxis in marine zooplankton pp395-399
Marine zooplankton phototactic swimming involves light sensation by
the eyespots to direct movement, yet the mechanisms underlying the
transduction of this sensory information into locomotion are not well
understood. It is shown that eyespot illumination leads to a change
in the beating of adjacent cilia through cholinergic signalling.
Computer models confirmed the significance of these local effects on
phototaxis and predicted increased navigational precision if the
organism adopted a helical swimming pattern.
Gaspar Jekely et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07590
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwM0EV
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwN0EW
The zinc-finger protein Zelda is a key activator of the early zygotic
genome in Drosophila p400
The earliest events of embryogenesis are controlled by maternal gene
products in the oocyte, but at some point after fertilization the
zygotic genome becomes activated. Many of the early transcribed
genes in Drosophila share a cis regulatory heptamer motif. This
paper reports that the zinc finger protein, Zelda, binds
specifically to these sites, and is capable of activating
transcription in transient transfection assays.
Hsiao-Lan Liang, Chung-Yi Nien, Hsiao-Yun Liu, Mark M. Metzstein,
Nikolai Kirov & Christine Rushlow
doi:10.1038/nature07388
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwM0EV
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwN0EW
Concerted multi-pronged attack by calpastatin to occlude the catalytic
cleft of heterodimeric calpains pp404-408
The 3.0 Angstrom structure of Ca2+-bound m calpain in complex with the
first calpastatin repeat is solved, revealing the mechanism of the
exclusive specificity. The structure highlights the complexity of
calpain activation by Ca2+, illustrating key residues in a peripheral
domain that serve to stabilize the protease core after Ca2+-binding.
Tudor Moldoveanu, Kalle Gehring and Douglas R. Green
doi:10.1038/nature07353
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwO0EX
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwP0EY
Calcium-bound structure of calpain and its mechanism of inhibition by
calpastatin pp409-412
The 2.4 Angstrom structure of the Ca2+-bound calpain 2 heterodimer
bound to one of the four inhibitory domains of calpastatin.
Calpastatin seems to inhibit calpain by occupying both the primed and
unprimed sides of the active site cleft. This crystal structure also
reveals the conformational changes that calpain undergoes upon binding
calcium, which include opening of the active site cleft and movement
of the domains relative to each other to produce a more compact
enzyme.
Rachel A. Hanna, Robert L. Campbell and Peter L. Davies
doi:10.1038/nature07451
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwQ0EZ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwR0Ea
The ion pathway through the opened Na+,K+-ATPase pump p413
P type ATPases are molecular machines that use energy derived from ATP
hydrolysis to pump ions across membranes. Recent work on the Na+, K+
ATPase has identified a pathway for ions from the extracellular side
of the protein to its ion binding sites. This paper employs the marine
toxin palytoxin to 'hold open' the gates of the pump, allowing direct
measurements of ion flow and defines the entire route for ions from
one side of the membrane to the other.
Ayako Takeuchi, Nicolás Reyes, Pablo Artigas & David C. Gadsby
doi:10.1038/nature07350
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwS0Eb
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwT0Ec
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p417
NIH tries to improve the odds for new investigators. But at what price?
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7220-417a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwU0Ed
Career View
William Brody, president, Salk Institute for Biological Studies,
La Jolla, California p418
Head of nation's biggest university research enterprise moves to the
Salk Institute.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/nj7220-418a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwV0Ee
Building up to an HIV vaccines p418
New centre intends to nurture vaccine expertise
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7220-418b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwW0Ef
Imposter syndrome p418
As I spoke I thought 'Who's giving this presentation?'
Zachary Lippman
doi:10.1038/nj7220-418c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwX0Eg
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Birthday surprises p420
Now you are 16.
Erika Cule
doi:10.1038/456420a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwY0Eh
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
19 November 2008
Article
The replisome uses mRNA as a primer after colliding with RNA polymerase
Richard T. Pomerantz & Mike O'Donnell
doi:10.1038/nature07527
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwZ0Ei
Letters
Successful range-expanding plants experience less above-ground and
below-ground enemy impact
Tim Engelkes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07474
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwa0Ep
Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data
Jeremy Ginsberg, Matthew H. Mohebbi, Rajan S. Patel, Lynnette Brammer,
Mark S. Smolinski & Larry Brilliant
doi:10.1038/nature07634
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBu10Ez
Emergence of complex cell properties by learning to generalize in
natural scenes
Yan Karklin & Michael S. Lewicki
doi:10.1038/nature07481
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwb0Eq
Frequent in-frame somatic deletions activate gp130 in inflammatory
hepatocellular tumours
Sandra Rebouissou et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07475
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwc0Er
16 November 2008
Letters
Suppression of Myc oncogenic activity by ribosomal protein
haploinsufficiency
Maria Barna et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07449
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwd0Es
Myelomonocytic cell recruitment causes fatal CNS vascular injury
during acute viral meningitis
Jiyun V. Kim, Silvia S. Kang, Michael L. Dustin & Dorian B. McGavern
doi:10.1038/nature07591
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwe0Et
Low conservation of gene content in the Drosophila Y chromosome
Leonardo B. Koerich, Xiaoyun Wang, Andrew G. Clark
& Antonio Bernardo Carvalho
doi:10.1038/nature07463
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwf0Eu
Structural recognition and functional activation of Fcbold gammaR by
innate pentraxins
Jinghua Lu, Lorraine L. Marnell, Kristopher D. Marjon, Carolyn Mold,
Terry W. Du Clos & Peter D. Sun
doi:10.1038/nature07468
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwg0Ev
Highly efficient molybdenum-based catalysts for enantioselective
alkene metathesis
Steven J. Malcolmson, Simon J. Meek, Elizabeth S. Sattely,
Richard R. Schrock & Amir H. Hoveyda
doi:10.1038/nature07594
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoxX0Xztnp0HjB0CBwh0Ew
=====================================================================
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March 21-24, 2009
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This conference will engage basic and clinical
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scientists, computational biologists, and experts
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disease management.
For more information and to register visit:
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