April 2008 Volume 6 Number 4
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The innate immune system is the first line of defence against invading pathogens. Detection of such pathogens is a complex business, involving several families of pattern-recognition receptors and an array of signalling molecules.
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This month's FEATURED article:
The TORrid affairs of viruses: effects of mammalian DNA viruses on the PI3K–Akt–mTOR signalling pathway
Nicholas J. Buchkovich, Yongjun Yu, Carisa A. Zampieri and James C. Alwine
p266 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1855
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBH0EA
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In this issue
p253 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1885
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBI0EB
Editorial: Infectious disease and women's health
Scott Hultgren and Jennifer Elam
p254 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1875
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBJ0EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBK0ED
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Evolution: Monkey genomes get TRIMmed
p255 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1879
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBL0EE
Plant disease resistance: Chloroplast protein gets guarded
p256 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1874
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBM0EF
Symbiosis: Who does what in the microbiome?
p256 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1880
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBN0EG
IN BRIEF
Ecology | Symbiosis | Sociomicrobiology
p257 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1883
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBO0EH
Environmental microbiology: Deep-sea methane cycling
p258 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1877
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBP0EI
Metagenomics: Phages apart
p258 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1878
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBQ0EJ
Host response: Antimicrobial function for IL-22
p259 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1884
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBR0EK
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NEWS AND ANALYSIS
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GENOME WATCH
Genomic 'valleys of death'
Stephen Bentley
p260 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1881
This month's Genome Watch considers the features of the latest streptococcal genomes in
light of a common problem - cloning bias.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBS0EL
DISEASE WATCH
In the News
p262 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1886
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBT0EM
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REVIEWS
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The TORrid affairs of viruses: effects of mammalian DNA viruses on the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling pathway
Nicholas J. Buchkovich, Yongjun Yu, Carisa A. Zampieri and James C. Alwine
p266 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1855
The successful replication of mammalian DNA viruses requires that they gain control of key cellular signalling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3[prime]-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-Akt-mTOR) pathway. This Review discusses the range of mechanisms that mammalian DNA viruses use to activate this pathway, as well as the multiple mechanisms these viruses have evolved to circumvent inhibitory stress signalling.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBU0EN
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBH0EA
Teichoic acids and related cell-wall glycopolymers in Gram-positive physiology and host interactions
Christopher Weidenmaier and Andreas Peschel
p276 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1861
Carbohydrate-based polymers are constituents of the cell envelopes of many Gram-positive bacteria. These cell-wall glycopolymers often have highly variable structures and, although their functions are not completely known, recent research has begun to reveal that they have crucial roles in both protecting and maintaining the bacterial cell envelope and in bacteria-host interactions.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBV0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBW0EP
The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease
Aras Kadioglu, Jeffrey N. Weiser, James C. Paton and Peter W. Andrew
p288 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1871
Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the most common bacterial respiratory pathogens. In this article, the authors review the impressive armamentarium of virulence factors the pneumococcus uses to colonize the upper and lower respiratory tracts of the host and cause disease.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBX0EQ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBY0ER
Bacterial strategies to overcome insect defences
Isabelle Vallet-Gely, Bruno Lemaitre and Frederic Boccard
p302 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1870
Interactions between insects and microorganisms are important in insect disease, dissemination of pathogens to animals and plants, and as models for host-pathogen interactions. Here, the interactions between bacteria and insects, and the strategies that both use to influence these interactions, are reviewed.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBZ0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBa0EZ
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PERSPECTIVES
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OPINION
Redefining viruses: lessons from Mimivirus
Didier Raoult and Patrick Forterre
p315 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1858
In this Opinion article, the authors consider the classification of viruses, and propose a new classification system that divides all biological entities into two groups of organisms: ribosome-encoding organisms (eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria) and capsid-encoding organisms (viruses). Unclassified selfish nucleic acids are grouped as 'orphan replicons'.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBb0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBc0Eb
TIMELINE
Anammox bacteria: from discovery to application
J. Gijs Kuenen
p320 | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1857
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria, which combine ammonium and nitrite or nitrate to form nitrogen gas, were discovered in the early 1990s. Here, Gijs Kuenen recalls the discovery of these bacteria and the subsequent elucidation of their roles in environmental and industrial microbiology.
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBd0Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/ejhA0Xztnp0Hje0BqBe0Ed
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