NATURE
31 July 2008 Volume 454 Number 7204, pp551-666
Visit Nature online to browse the journal.
Now available at http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0d4W0EP
Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text access
to Nature online. To purchase a subscription, please visit:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0Z4L0E3
Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0BRQi0Ey
=====================================================================
ANALYZE AND GRAPH YOUR DATA WITH UNPARALLELED EASE AND PRECISION
Now perform 50 of the most frequently used statistical tests with
step-by-step guidance using SigmaPlot 11 (New Version). Easily
customize every graph detail and create over 100 types of
publication-quality graphs.
Download a 30-day no-obligation free trial at:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1x60EF
=====================================================================
Nature Genetics in association with the
Wellcome Trust presents:
The Genomics of Common Diseases 2008
September 6-9, 2008
The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Cambridge, MA, USA
The second annual conference will aim to
address various topics, across a range of
common diseases.
For more information and to register visit:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0BxjH0EU
=====================================================================
----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
A chorus of disapproval p551
The fight against AIDS is losing ground, but the current spate of
mud-slinging is far from helpful.
doi:10.1038/454551a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1x70EG
The greener grid pp551-552
Governments need to back an overhaul to get the electricity grid
ready for renewable energy.
doi:10.1038/454551b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1x80EH
Europe's science forum p552
Although the Euroscience Open Forum is a meeting to be proud of,
its organizers should aim even higher.
doi:10.1038/454552a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yA0ER
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Planetary physics: Storm warning p554
doi:10.1038/454554a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yB0ES
Molecular biology: Telling time p554
doi:10.1038/454554b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yC0ET
Environmental sciences: Fresh data p554
doi:10.1038/454554c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yD0EU
Physical chemistry: Over ice p554
doi:10.1038/454554d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yE0EV
Nanotechnology: Weighing options p554
doi:10.1038/454554e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yF0EW
Quantum computing: Cloudy computing pp554-555
doi:10.1038/454554f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yG0EX
Molecular biology: Senior signals p555
doi:10.1038/454555a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yH0EY
Photonics: Telescopic TV p555
doi:10.1038/454555b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yI0EZ
Immunology: Green vaccines p555
doi:10.1038/454555c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yJ0Ea
Zoology: Bigmouth strikes again p555
doi:10.1038/454555d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yK0Eb
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p555
Robin Rogers
doi:10.1038/454555e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yL0Ec
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Consent issues restrict stem-cell use p556
Some human embryonic cell lines may not be eligible for research.
Monya Baker
doi:10.1038/454556a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11J0EO
Italy picks businessman to head space agency p557
Move seen as shift from research to commerce and defence.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/454557a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11L0EQ
School chemistry off-limits to terrorism suspect pp557-557
UK judge blocks access to high-school-level courses.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/454557b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11N0ES
Thin films: ready for their close-up? pp558-559
New types of solar cell that can be mass-produced cheaply, and
integrated into building materials, are popular with venture
capitalists and market analysts. But scientists are less gung ho,
reports Declan Butler.
doi:10.1038/454558a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11P0EU
Complex clock combines calendars pp561-561
Antikythera Mechanism may have timetabled ancient Olympic Games.
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/454561a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1w40EC
Sidelines pp562-562
Scribbles on the margins of science.
doi:10.1038/454562a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11S0EX
Thousands of proteins affected by miRNAs p562
Far from being junk, these snippets of the genome exert
wide-ranging influence.
doi:10.1038/454562b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B13O0EV
The hidden van Gogh p563
X-ray reveals mystery portrait.
doi:10.1038/454563a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B13P0EW
Pier Oddone pp563-563
The director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia,
Illinois, talks to Eric Hand about the uncertain future of particle
colliders in the United States.
doi:10.1038/454563b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11U0EZ
Italy launches clinical trial for HIV vaccine pp564-564
doi:10.1038/454564a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11W0Eb
Nations pool resources to study lunar seismic activity pp564-564
doi:10.1038/454564b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11Y0Ed
GlaxoSmithKline cements interest in stem cells pp564-564
doi:10.1038/454564c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11a0El
Statistics show hint of bias in NIH grant reviews pp564-564
doi:10.1038/454564d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11c0En
Bail for entomologists held for illegal insect collection p564
doi:10.1038/454564e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11e0Ep
Voyage to the bottom of the world's deepest lake pp564-564
doi:10.1038/454564f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11g0Er
=====================================================================
Fast & affordable access to Human-like proteins
Proper post-translational modifications & folding are key features to
obtain true protein activity & conformation for basic research & industry.
tebu-bio proprietary CHO protein expression platform produces high
yields of multiple recombinant proteins in ~1 month (serum- & animal-free
conditions, easy GMP production transfer)
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yZ0Eq
=====================================================================
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
HIV: The next shot pp565-569
Researchers trying to develop an HIV vaccine have endured two decades
of setbacks. Erika Check Hayden meets a veteran still engaged in the
fight - and a rookie willing to join in anyway.
doi:10.1038/454565a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11j0Eu
Energy: Upgrading the grid pp570-573
Electricity grids must cope with rising demand and complexity in a
changing world. Emma Marris explores the intricacies involved in
controlling the power supply.
doi:10.1038/454570a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B11l0Ew
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Integrity: Croatia's standards unusual in much of Europe p574
Xavier Bosch
doi:10.1038/454574a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yc0Ez
Integrity: juniors see leaders gain from calculated dishonesty p574
Ned Feder and Walter W. Stewart
doi:10.1038/454574b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yd0E1
Integrity: misconduct by a few damages credibility for many p574
Paulo A. Nussenzveig and Renata Zukanovich Funchal
doi:10.1038/454574c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1ye0E2
Integrity: how to measure breaches effectively p575
Judith P. Swazey
doi:10.1038/454575a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yf0E3
Titus et al. reply: p575
Sandra L. Titus, James A. Wells and Lawrence J. Rhoades
doi:10.1038/454575b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yg0E4
Digital identifiers could keep up with authors' moves p575
Raf Aerts
doi:10.1038/454575c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yh0E5
Schools in a third of Spain teach only in minority languages p575
Jose M. Rojo
doi:10.1038/454575d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yi0E6
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Grand tour with a geologist guide pp576-577
A field guide to the formation of Italy's Apennine mountains mixes
the science behind the dinosaur extinction with accounts of travel
and Italian history, explains Ted Nield.
Ted Nield reviews The Mountains of St Francis: Discovering the
Geologic Events That Shaped Our Earth by Walter Alvarez
doi:10.1038/454576a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yj0E7
New in Paperback pp576-584
doi:10.1038/454576b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yk0E8
Stalin's war on genetic science pp577-579
Jan Witkowski reviews The Murder of Nikolai Vavilov: The Story of
Stalin's Persecution of One of the Great Scientists of the
Twentieth Century by Peter Pringle
doi:10.1038/454577a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yl0EA
Betting on black holes pp579-580
Paul Davies reviews The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking
to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics by Leonard Susskind
doi:10.1038/454579a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1ym0EB
Maths and mad hatters pp580-581
Jascha Hoffman reviews Lewis Carroll in Numberland: His Fantastical
Mathematical Logical Life by Robin Wilson
doi:10.1038/454580a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yn0EC
The creationist controversy pp581-582
PZ Myers reviews Only a Theory: Evolution and the Battle for
America's Soul by Kenneth R. Miller
doi:10.1038/454581a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yo0ED
Fictional quantum conspiracy pp582-583
Jennifer Rohn reviews Final Theory: A Novel by Mark Alpert
doi:10.1038/454582a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yp0EE
Inside the mind of a marathon runner pp583-584
Andy Miah reviews What I Talk About When I Talk About Running by
Haruki Murakami
doi:10.1038/454583a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yq0EF
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Nanotechnology: Patterns from molecular corrals pp585-586
Many nanotechnology devices will require components that consist
of arrays of molecules positioned on surfaces with nanometre
precision. One way to make these is to let the molecules
organize themselves.
Michael Grunze
doi:10.1038/454585a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yr0EG
Cancer: Ins and outs of tumour control pp586-587
When a potentially dangerous cell can't be repaired, it must be
either stopped or killed. Premature senescence of cancerous cells
is one such 'stop' mechanism, in which immune mediators play an
unexpected part.
Maria S. Soengas
doi:10.1038/454586a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1ys0EH
Planetary science: Organic lakes on Titan pp587-589
While orbiting Saturn, the Cassini spacecraft has spotted lakes
containing ethane on Titan, the planet's largest moon. Titan is
so far the only planetary object other than Earth that is known
to have liquid bodies on its surface.
Francois Raulin
doi:10.1038/454587a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yt0EI
Behavioural neuroscience: The circuit of fear pp589-590
Do you find it difficult to overcome an irrational fear? Blame
it on the specific neural circuits hardwired in the brain that
control fear recognition, and fear renewal even when fear has
seemingly been overcome.
Pankaj Sah and R. Frederick Westbrook
doi:10.1038/454589a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yu0EJ
Materials science: A desirable wind up pp591-592
Multiferroic materials have complex domain structures that make
precise interpretation of their behaviours difficult. The
creation and study of a single-domain multiferroic crystal is
thus an exciting development.
Neil Mathur
doi:10.1038/454591a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yv0EK
Developmental biology: Our fly cousins' gut pp592-593
What do we humans have in common with flies? Quite a lot, at
least at the cellular and molecular levels. Our intestine, for
instance, is similar to that of the fly, not only in function
but also in its development and maintenance.
Chrysoula Pitsouli and Norbert Perrimon
doi:10.1038/454592a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yw0EL
Structural biology: It's not all in the family pp593-594
There are no sequential snapshots of a transporter protein as it
mediates the simultaneous passage of ions and solutes into a cell.
Comparing different snapshots of structurally related transporters
offers fascinating insights.
Baruch I. Kanner
doi:10.1038/454593a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yx0EM
50 & 100 Years Ago p594
doi:10.1038/454594a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yy0EN
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Helenius et al. reply pE1
Jonne Helenius et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07164
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1yz0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y10EB
Does Rft1 flip an N-glycan lipid precursor? pE1
Christian G. Frank et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07165
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y20EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y30ED
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
A new class of homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals p595
Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing allows population
dependent control of gene expression in numerous bacterial species.
Many AHL quorum sensing systems are known, all of which use fatty
acid groups to provide AHL specificity. This paper reports the
discovery that some bacteria make a non fatty AHL by using enzymes
related to the fatty AHL synthase pathway, thus greatly expanding the
realm of signal possibilities.
Amy L. Schaefer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07088
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y40EE
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y50EF
Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits p600
Changes in the balance of activity of two distinct neuronal populations
in the basolateral amygdala trigger transitions between states of high
and low fear in mice. The two populations of neurons tend to participate
in different anatomical circuits, suggesting that even within a single
brain area, selective activation of specific neuronal circuits can trigger
large changes in behavioral state.
Cyril Herry, Stephane Ciocchi, Verena Senn, Lynda Demmou,
Christian Müller & Andreas Lüthi
doi:10.1038/nature07166
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y60EG
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y70EH
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
The identification of liquid ethane in Titan's Ontario Lacus
pp607-610
Titan was once hypothesized to have global oceans of light hydrocarbons,
but it has become clear that none exist. However there are features
similar to terrestrial lakes and seas. This paper reports infrared
spectroscopic data that strongly indicate that ethane, probably in
liquid solution with methane, nitrogen, and other low molecular
weight hydrocarbons, is contained within Titan's Ontario Lacus.
R. H. Brown et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07100
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1y80EI
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zA0ES
Scaling the Kondo lattice pp611-613
Two types of magnetic order appear in metals, 'itinerant electron'
magnetism and 'local moment' magnetism. A class of strongly correlated
electron materials bridges these two extremes, with itinerant electron
magnetism reigning at low temperature and local moment magnetism at
high temperature. It has been a long standing goal to quantitatively
describe the transition between these two. This paper reports a
simple semi quantitative solution to the latter problem that
provides a new framework for interpreting the physics of heavy
electron materials.
Yi-feng Yang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07157
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zB0ET
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zC0EU
Calendars with Olympiad display and eclipse prediction on the
Antikythera Mechanism pp614-617
The Antikythera Mechanism, a box of intricate gearwork recovered in
a shipwreck, is a startling insight into the engineering prowess of
the Hellenic world. New interpretations of the mechanism reveal how
it could be used to predict eclipses; that it was probably made in a
colony of Corinth and that it had a dial recording the times of the
ancient Olympiads.
Tony Freeth, Alexander Jones, John M. Steele and Yanis Bitsakis
doi:10.1038/nature07130
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zD0EV
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zE0EW
Functionalizing hydrogen-bonded surface networks with
self-assembled monolayers pp618-621
The patterning of surfaces is often accomplished by either
supramolecular self assembly of molecules into surface networks,
or the deposition of self assembled monolayers (SAMs). Supramolecular
assembly is attractive because it yields patterns that are exactly
defined at the nanometre scale, whereas SAMs offer unprecedented
flexibility for creating functionalized surfaces. Now the advantages
of both methods have been harnessed by first creating self assembled
surface networks and then depositing SAMs into the network pores.
Rafael Madueno, Minna T. Raisanen, Christophe Silien and Manfred Buck
doi:10.1038/nature07096
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zF0EX
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zG0EY
Primary carbonatite melt from deeply subducted oceanic crust
pp622-625
Experimental and geochemical observations show that silicate mineral
inclusions in diamonds from Juina, Brazil, crystallized from primary
and evolved carbonatite melts in the mantle transition zone and
deep upper mantle. Such small degree melts of subducted crust can be
viewed as agents of chemical mass transfer in the upper mantle and
transition zone, leaving a chemical imprint of ocean crust that can
possibly endure for billions of years.
M. J. Walter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07132
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zH0EZ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zI0Ea
Environmental determinants of extinction selectivity in the
fossil record p626
Seafloor communities in the Palaeozoic Era differed markedly from the
subsequent Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. This is because in the
Palaeozoic, seafloors were mostly based on carbonates, whereas succeeding
ones were generally sandy.
Shanan E. Peters
doi:10.1038/nature07032
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zJ0Eb
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zK0Ec
Evolutionary origin and development of snake fangs pp630-633
Many advanced snakes use fangs to inject venom into their prey.
The fangs may be either at the front or rear of the upper jaw, but
biologists have been unable to agree whether these two arrangements
are evolutionarily related. It is now shown that front fangs develop
in the rear part of the jaw, and that the resemblances between front
and rear fangs are so striking during their development that homology
is probable.
Freek J. Vonk et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07178
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zL0Ed
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zM0Ee
The abundance threshold for plague as a critical
percolation phenomenon pp634-637
This paper presents an example of a percolation threshold for infectious
disease, namely the plague among great gerbils in Central Asia. The
threshold arises from the spatial constraints on flea dispersal movements
that carry plague from one family group of great gerbils to another.
These movements are small compared to the vast contiguous areas of desert
that have been colonized by the great gerbil. The result is a percolation
system wherein plague is only able to percolate through the landscape
if it is sufficiently 'filled' with family groups of hosts.
S. Davis et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07053
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zN0Ef
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zO0Eg
An Fgf/Gremlin inhibitory feedback loop triggers termination of limb
bud outgrowth p638
A new principle for control of organ size is discovered by using the
mouse limb bud to study how signals signalling growth and expansion
are terminated. A combination of mutations were identified that
revealed an inhibitory loop whereby FGF signalling represses
Gremlin1, these two factors being key positive signals in limb
bud outgrowth. This inhibitory loop is triggered by a positive
FGF/Shh loop, and this model differs from earlier published models.
Jamie M. Verheyden & Xin Sun
doi:10.1038/nature07085
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zP0Eh
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zQ0Ei
Amygdala intercalated neurons are required for expression of
fear extinction p642
Although fearful responses to stimuli associated with unpleasant
consequences are quickly learned, they can also be unlearned.
This unlearning process, called 'extinction', is thought to depend
on plastic changes in the amygdala. A specific population of amygdala
cells (intercalated neurons) that are responsible for this unlearning
have been pinpointed. Selective destruction of this cell type with
a toxin leads to a corresponding decrease in the extinction of learned
fear memories.
Ekaterina Likhtik, Daniela Popa, John Apergis-Schoute,
George A. Fidacaro & Denis Paré
doi:10.1038/nature07167
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zR0Ej
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zS0Ek
Pluripotent stem cells induced from adult neural stem cells by
reprogramming with two factors p646
It is detailed that adult mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) express
higher endogenous levels of Sox2 and c Myc than embryonic
stem cells, and that exogenous Oct4 together with either Klf4or c Myc
are sufficient to generate iPS cells from NSCs. The number of
reprogramming factors can be reduced when using somatic cells
that endogenously express appropriate levels of complementing factors.
Jeong Beom Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07061
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zT0El
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zU0Em
The behaviour of Drosophila adult hindgut stem cells is controlled
by Wnt and Hh signalling p651
In adult Drosophila melanogaster, intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of the
posterior intestine (hindgut) are confined to an anterior narrow
segment, the hindgut proliferation zone (HPZ). Within the HPZ,
self renewal of ISCs, as well as subsequent proliferation and
differentiation of ISC descendants, are controlled by locally
emanating Wingless (Wg, a Drosophila Wnt homologue) and Hh signals.
Shigeo Takashima, Marianna Mkrtchyan, Amelia Younossi-Hartenstein,
John R. Merriam & Volker Hartenstein
doi:10.1038/nature07156
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zV0En
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zW0Eo
Blocking VEGFR-3 suppresses angiogenic sprouting and vascular
network formation p656
The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor subtype VEGFR 3
is only expressed on lymphatic endothelium in adults. However, VEGFR 3
is upregulated in the vasculature of tumours by Notch signalling.
VEGFR 3 inhibition interferes with tumour angiogenesis and tumour
growth, in particular in combination with inhibitors of the VEGFR 2,
suggesting that it represents a novel anti angiogenic target for
cancer therapy.
Tuomas Tammela et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07083
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zX0Ep
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zY0Eq
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p661
The issues of translation and tough choices in science careers.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7204-661a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zZ0Er
Careers and Recruitment
Political will p662
Scientists who enter the world of political advocacy stand to
gain perspective but could face a culture shock. Gene Russo reports.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7204-662a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1za0Ey
Career View
Joyce DeLeo, chair, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,
Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire p664
Neuroanatomist takes multidisciplinary approach at Dartmouth.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7204-664a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zb0Ez
The gender imbalance p664
NIH announces grants for investigating gender disparity.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7204-664b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zc0E1
'Force'-full wisdom p664
New animal model, new challenges
Amanda Goh
doi:10.1038/nj7204-664c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zd0E2
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The pair-bond imperative p666
What's love got to do with it?
Jennifer Rohn
doi:10.1038/454666a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1ze0E3
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
30 July 2008
Articles
UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals
Zane B. Andrews et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07181
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zf0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zg0E5
The impact of microRNAs on protein output
Daehyun Baek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07242
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zh0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zi0E7
Widespread changes in protein synthesis induced by microRNAs
Matthias Selbach et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07228
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zj0E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zk0EA
Letters
Metabolic gene regulation in a dynamically changing environment
Matthew R. Bennett et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07211
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zl0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zm0EC
Molecular architecture of native HIV-1 gp120 trimers
Jun Liu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07159
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zn0ED
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zo0EE
Direct observation of the mechanochemical coupling in
myosin Va during processive movement
Takeshi Sakamoto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07188
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zp0EF
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zq0EG
Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia
Hreinn Stefansson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07229
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zr0EH
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zs0EI
Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase
risk of schizophrenia
The International Schizophrenia Consortium
doi:10.1038/nature07239
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zt0EJ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1w20EA
27 July 2008
Article
A mechanism for asymmetric segregation of age during yeast budding
Zhanna Shcheprova et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07212
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zu0EK
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zv0EL
Letters
The structural basis for an essential subunit interaction in
influenza virus RNA polymerase
Eiji Obayashi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07225
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zw0EM
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zx0EN
Structure of Epac2 in complex with a cyclic AMP analogue and RAP1B
Holger Rehmann et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07187
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zy0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0B1zz0EP
=====================================================================
Cell Signaling Review Series and Web Focus -
brought to you by Cell Research
Since March 2008, Cell Research has featured many
articles about the recent advances in cell signaling.
This review series and accompanying web focus highlights
articles from Cell Research as well as Nature and explores
the context of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation,
cancer and other human diseases.
Access the Cell Signaling Review Series and Web Focus today
to view select articles FREE of charge.
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0BxkU0Ei
=====================================================================
You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to
receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time,
by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/emcK0Xztnp0HjB0Zzu0Et
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).
For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department:
registration@nature.com
For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department:
subscriptions@nature.com
For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department:
feedback@nature.com
Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York |
NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne -
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
(c) Copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group
=====================================================================
![[Feedback]](/icons/banner/feedbackACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[For Subscribers]](/icons/banner/subscriberACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Archive]](/icons/banner/archiveACT.gif){kind=icon}
![[Search]](/icons/banner/searchACT.gif){kind=icon}
-elicited Stimulation of 
-secretase Is Mediated by JNK-dependent Phosphorylation of Presenilin and Nicastrin
