NATURE
6 November 2008 Volume 456 Number 7218 pp1-140
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Web Focus: Personal Genomes
In this Nature web focus we proudly present
the challenges that medical genetics poses
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translate into clinical utility. Here you'll
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genome menagerie, individuals from Africa and Asia.
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EDITORIALS
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My genome. So what? p1
Research is needed into the way individuals use their genomic
information, and into protection from its abuse by others.
doi:10.1038/456001a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnI0EU
Animals aren't drugs p2
The US Food and Drug Administration is misguided in its approach
to genetically modified animals.
doi:10.1038/456002a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnJ0EV
Scientists and rights p2
Researchers should support new initiatives aimed at engaging them
with human-rights groups.
doi:10.1038/456002b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnK0EW
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Human biology: Famine's shadow p4
doi:10.1038/456004a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnL0EX
Physics: Big little things p4
doi:10.1038/456004b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnM0EY
Parasitology: The bacterial racketeer p4
doi:10.1038/456004c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnN0EZ
Zoology: Green growth p4
doi:10.1038/456004d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnO0Ea
Nanotechnology: Future pixels p4
doi:10.1038/456004e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnP0Eb
Molecular biology: Ubiquitous no more pp4-5
doi:10.1038/456004f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnQ0Ec
Astronomy: Hidden gems p5
doi:10.1038/456005a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnR0Ed
Neuroscience: Making memories p5
doi:10.1038/456005b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnS0Ee
Geosciences: Join the club p5
doi:10.1038/456005c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnT0Ef
Theoretical physics: Toppling tubes p5
doi:10.1038/456005d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnU0Eg
Correction p5
doi:10.1038/456005e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnV0Eh
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p5
Shanan Peters
doi:10.1038/456005f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnW0Ei
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NEWS
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Industry shifts focus to immunology and cancer pp6-7
Cardiology and anaemia lose out in the hunt for the next pharmaceutical
blockbusters.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/456006a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnX0Ej
Bush may introduce environmental regulations pp6-7
Policy watchdogs expect industry-friendly changes in coming months.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/456006b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnY0Ek
Phoenix fades away pp8-9
Mars lander scrapes up its last samples.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/456008a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnZ0El
Human genes are multitaskers p9
Up to 94% of human genes can generate different products
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/news.2008.1199
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAet0E3
How to get the most from a gene test pp11-11
New tools squeeze more research out of personal genomics.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/456011a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAna0Es
Genomics takes hold in Asia pp12-12
Genome Institute of Singapore head Edison Liu talks about how to make
pan-Asian genomics research projects work.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/456012a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnb0Et
Legally binding green targets for UK pp13-13
Parliament passes bill to curb carbon emissions.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/456013a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnc0Eu
Australian government plans Internet censorship pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnd0Ev
Oil company blamed for mud-volcano eruption pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAne0Ew
Help promised for troubled maker of electric car pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnf0Ex
Google settles suit over copyright of scanned books pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAng0Ey
Crop research a target of international investment pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnh0Ez
Repair puts Hubble back on track pp14-14
doi:10.1038/456014f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAni0E1
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COLUMN
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America's new leadership pp16-16
Researchers should keep a cool head about science under Obama,
David Goldston argues.
doi:10.1038/456016a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnj0E2
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NEWS FEATURES
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Personal genomes: The case of the missing heritability pp18-21
When scientists opened up the human genome, they expected to find the
genetic components of common traits and diseases. But they were nowhere
to be seen. Brendan Maher shines a light on six places where the missing
loot could be stashed away.
Brendan Maher
doi:10.1038/456018a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnk0E3
Personal genomes: Standard and pores pp23-25
Could the next generation of genetic sequencing machines be built
from a collection of minuscule holes? Katharine Sanderson reports.
doi:10.1038/456023a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnl0E4
Personal genomes: A disruptive personality, disrupted pp26-28
Eric Schadt revels in making people uncomfortable with his science.
Bryn Nelson reports how the bioinformatics rabble-rouser hopes to
charge ahead in the face of his company's disintegration.
doi:10.1038/456026a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnm0E5
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Research rewards are worth the effort for multitasking mothers p29
Tracey L. Rogers
doi:10.1038/456029a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnn0E6
What is nature, if it's more than just a place without people? p29
Fern Wickson
doi:10.1038/456029b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAno0E7
Progress being made on standards for use in data sharing p29
Douglas Bruce Kell
doi:10.1038/456029c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnp0E8
One-year practical course proves a launch pad for PhDs pp29-30
David Andrew Green
doi:10.1038/456029d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnq0EA
Will waste-energy plant be a waste of money? p30
Gene Bazan
doi:10.1038/456030a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnr0EB
Joining a trade union is best way to defend postdoc interests p30
Oliver de Peyer
doi:10.1038/456030b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAns0EC
Detectors could spot plagiarism in research proposals p30
Victor Maojo, Miguel Garcia-Remesal and Jose Crespo
doi:10.1038/456030c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnt0ED
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COMMENTARIES
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Personal genomes: When consent gets in the way pp32-33
As the prospect of personal genomes for all promises to revolutionize
personal health records, Patrick Taylor says that mandating consent
does not protect privacy or ensure public benefit.
doi:10.1038/456032a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnu0EE
Personal genomes: Misdirected precaution pp34-35
Personal-genome tests are blurring the boundary between experts and
lay people. Barbara Prainsack, Jenny Reardon and a team of international
collaborators urge regulators to rethink outdated models of regulation.
doi:10.1038/456034a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnv0EF
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Insects of war, terror and torture pp36-37
Whether natural or intentional, the security threats posed by
arthropods - from assassin bugs to disease-carrying pests - should
be of concern to us all.
Kenneth J. Linthicum reviews Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects
as Weapons of War by Jeffrey A. Lockwood
doi:10.1038/456036a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnw0EG
Tapping out a message pp37-38
Redouan Bshary reviews Vibrational Communication in Animals
by Peggy S. M. HillCoding and Redundancy: Man-Made and
Animal-Evolved Signals by Jack P. Hailman
doi:10.1038/456037a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnx0EH
History out of the ether p38
John Carmody reviews Blessed Days of Anaesthesia: How Anaesthetics
Changed the World by Stephanie J. Snow
doi:10.1038/456038a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAny0EI
Q&A: Opera for the end of the world p39
The dawn of the nuclear era finds its voice in Doctor Atomic, an opera
about J. Robert Oppenheimer and the making of the first atom bomb.
With a new production showing in New York, composer John Adams
explains how physicists have reacted to the work, and how writing
it has changed his view of nuclear weapons.
Jascha Hoffman
doi:10.1038/456039a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAnz0EJ
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ESSAY
----------------------
Being Human: Language: a social history of words pp40-41
Language evolved as part of a uniquely human group of traits, the
interdependence of which calls for an integrated approach to the
study of brain function, argue Eors Szathmary and Szabolcs Szamado.
doi:10.1038/456040a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn10E5
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NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Population biology: Case of the absent lemmings pp43-44
Changing weather patterns, producing the wrong kind of snow, have
transformed the population dynamics of lemmings in northern Scandinavia.
The knock-on effects have been felt throughout the ecosystem.
Tim Coulson & Aurelio Malo
doi:10.1038/456043a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn20E6
Astrophysics: An illuminating dark halo pp44-45
A large simulation reveals that most of the detectable signal from
dark matter in our Milky Way probably comes from the main, smooth
Galactic halo, rather than from small clumps.
Stephane Colombi
doi:10.1038/456044a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn30E7
Biochemistry: Enzymes under the nanoscope pp45-47
Small-scale interactions of substrates with an enzyme's active site -
over distances smaller than the length of a chemical bond - can make
big differences to the enzyme's catalytic efficiency.
Anthony J. Kirby & Florian Hollfelder
doi:10.1038/456045a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn40E8
Global change: Climate's astronomical sensors pp47-48
A re-evaluation of the relationship between Earth's orbital parameters,
ice-sheet extent and ocean circulation sets further puzzles for those
trying to disentangle cause from effect in long-term climatic changes.
Michel Crucifix
doi:10.1038/456047a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn50EA
Human genetics: Individual genomes diversify pp49-51
The link between a person's genetic ancestry and the traits -
including disease risk - that he or she exhibits remains elusive.
Routine sequencing of the genomes of an African and an Asian
individual offer a step forward.
Samuel Levy & Robert L. Strausberg
doi:10.1038/456049a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn60EB
Optics: Metamaterial Persian carpets p49
Ana Lopes
doi:10.1038/456049b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn70EC
50 & 100 years ago p51
doi:10.1038/456051a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAn80ED
Obituary: George Emil Palade (1912-2008) p52
Gunter Blobel
doi:10.1038/456052a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoA0EN
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----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Accurate whole human genome sequencing using reversible terminator
chemistry pp53-59
A technical description of the chemistry and device for the Solexa
(now Illumina) sequencing approach, which is already being widely
used in approaches ranging from medical resequencing through to
assessment of copy number variation, is reported. This paper
demonstrates its utility in whole genome sequencing and describes
the sequencing and initial characterization of an individual genome,
the first African genome, a male Yoruba from Ibadan, Nigeria.
David R. Bentley et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07517
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoB0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoC0EP
The diploid genome sequence of an Asian individual pp60-65
This paper reports a personal genome of an Asian individual, sequenced
using Illumina sequencing technology to 36 fold average coverage. The
data are used to illustrate future potential of personal genomics in
disease diagnosis and compared with the other individual genomes
available, those of Watson and Venter, to shed light on personal
variation in individuals of different ethnicity.
Jun Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07484
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoD0EQ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoE0ER
DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia
genome pp66-72
Comprehensive sequencing of an individual cancer genome is reported
for a patient with acute myelyoid leukaemia. Next generation sequencing
technologies were applied to both cancer and normal tissue form the
same individual, allowing the identification of mutations that might
be relevant for pathogenesis.
Timothy J. Ley et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07485
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoF0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoG0ET
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----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Prospects for detecting supersymmetric dark matter in the Galactic halo
pp73-76
Dark matter is the dominant form of matter in the universe, and
annihilation of dark matter in the halo of the Milky Way should
produce detectable levels of gamma-rays. Previous work has argued
that the annihilation signal will be dominated by emission from
very small clumps, but this work reports that such small scale
structure will, in fact, have a negligible impact on dark matter
detectability. Rather, the dominant and likely most easily detectable
signal will be produced by diffuse dark matter in the main halo of
the Milky Way.
V. Springel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07411
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoH0EU
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoI0EV
Emergence of preformed Cooper pairs from the doped Mott insulating
state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta pp77-80
Superconductors are characterized by an energy 'gap', which represents
the energy needed to break the pairs of electrons apart. At temperatures
considerably above those associated with superconductivity, the high
transition temperature copper oxides have an additional 'pseudogap'.
This work reports a photoemission study of the underdoped copper
oxide Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, which reveals pre formed pairs in the pseudogap,
but pairing occurs only in the anti nodal region.
H.-B. Yang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07400
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoJ0EW
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoK0EX
Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope pp81-84
An all optical method to measure optical waveforms using time to
frequency conversion via the nonlinear process of four wave mixing
on a silicon chip has been developed. Optical waveforms with 220 fs
resolution over lengths greater than 100 ps are measured. With this
approach, single shot waveform measurements can be carried out on
future CMOS compatible photonic chips.
Mark A. Foster et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07430
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoL0EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoM0EZ
Atlantic overturning responses to Late Pleistocene climate
forcings pp85-88
Variations in the Earth's orbit influence glacial cycles and
consequently, global ice volume and the strength of oceanic mixing.
Sediment cores from the ocean floor are used to assess orbit–climate
interactions and contain a wealth of information. Data from the
SPECMAP project suggests that the three orbital cycles induce similar
changes in climate and ocean circulation. This paper reanalyses sediment
cores and suggests a substantially different model for orbit–climate
interactions: in the vast mid depth Atlantic Ocean, peaks in solar
radiation are associated with stronger circulation at the obliquity
band and weaker circulation at the precession band.
Lorraine E. Lisiecki, Maureen E. Raymo & William B. Curry
doi:10.1038/nature07425
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoN0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoO0Eb
The Earth's missing lead may not be in the core pp89-92
This work reports partitioning experiments in metal–sulphide–silicate
systems that show that lead is neither siderophile nor chalcophile
enough to explain the high U/Pb ratio of Earth's mantle with lead
pumping to the core. Alternatively, the Earth may have accreted from
initially volatile depleted material, some lead may have been lost by
degassing following the moon forming giant impact or a hidden reservoir
may exist deep in the Earth's mantle, with lead isotope compositions
complementary to upper mantle values.
M. Lagos et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07375
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoP0Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoQ0Ed
Linking climate change to lemming cycles pp93-97
Although it has been suggested that climate change impacts rodent cycle
dynamics, the underlying causes have remained elusive. It is now shown
that warming drives a change from cyclic to non cyclic lemming dynamics
in Southern Norway by affecting snow cover duration and spring humidity.
Kyrre L. Kausrud et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07442
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoR0Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoS0Ef
Genes mirror geography within Europe p98
There is tremendous interest in understanding the degree to which
genome wide single nucleotide polymorphism data can be used to infer
recent personal genetic histories. It is demonstrated with large scale
genotyping data that it is possible to distinguish among closely
related European populations, and that patterns of genetic variation
closely mirror European geography.
John Novembre et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07331
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoT0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoU0Eh
Entrained rhythmic activities of neuronal ensembles as perceptual
memory of time interval p102
It is reported that neuronal activity in the zebrafish visual system
can keep the beat of relatively slow light flashes (regular intervals
of a few seconds) for up to 20 seconds after the stimulus is gone. It
is also shown that the animals often wag their tails in rhythm with
the visual beat after it has gone. Reverbatory activity of neuronal
ensembles on such long time scales may be the basis for the perceptual
memory of rhythmic sensory experience, such as that involved in music.
Germán Sumbre et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07351
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoV0Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoW0Ej
Molecular basis of xeroderma pigmentosum group C DNA recognition by
engineered meganucleases pp107-111
Xeroderma pigmentosum is a disease characterized by hypersensitivity to
ultraviolet light. The cells of individuals afflicted with this disease
are defective in nucleotide excision repair, limiting their capacity to
eliminate ultraviolet induced DNA damage. It is shown that it is possible
to engineer the homing endonuclease I-CreI, making two variants that are
able to cleave DNA from the human XPC gene in vitro and in vivo. Crystal
structures of these re engineered proteins complexed with intact and
cleaved XPC target DNA suggest that the mechanism of DNA recognition
and cleavage by the engineered homing endonucleases is similar to
that of the wild type I-CreI.
Pilar Redondo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07343
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoX0Ek
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoY0El
The essential role of the CopN protein in Chlamydia pneumoniae
intracellular growth p112
Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular pathogen that at
present cannot be genetically manipulated. The identification of
virulence mechanisms is therefore very difficult. Now a chemical
knockout approach is developed and applied to demonstrate the
virulence function of C. pneumoniae CopN.
Jin Huang, Cammie F. Lesser & Stephen Lory
doi:10.1038/nature07355
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoZ0Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoa0Et
The CRAC channel consists of a tetramer formed by Stim-induced
dimerization of Orai dimers p116
The mechanism underlying activation of Ca2+ release activated Ca2+
channels, in response to depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores,
has generated much interest. Recently, it was shown that Stim forms
the relay between the Ca2+ store and the plasma membrane, where it
activates the ion channel forming protein Orai. It is shown that Orai
is a dimer at rest and a tetramer when activated by Stim, raising the
interesting possibility that dimerization is the trigger for channel
activation.
Aubin Penna et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07338
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAob0Eu
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoc0Ev
Crystal structure of the anti-viral APOBEC3G catalytic domain and
functional implications p121
The paper describes a high resolution crystal structure of the
catalytic deaminase domain of APOBEC3G, a host defence protein that
restricts replication of HIV and hepatitis B virus.
Lauren G. Holden et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07357
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAod0Ew
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoe0Ex
Histone H2A.Z and DNA methylation are mutually antagonistic chromatin
marks p125
In the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, regions of DNA methylation are
shown to be deficient in the histone variant H2A.Z. Mutation of the
MET1 DNA methyltransferase, which causes alterations in DNA methylation
patterns, results in opposite changes in H2A.Z deposition, whereas
mutation of a subunit of the Swr1 complex that deposits H2A.Z leads
to hypermethylation.
Daniel Zilberman, Devin Coleman-Derr, Tracy Ballinger & Steven Henikoff
doi:10.1038/nature07324
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAof0Ey
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAog0Ez
Stepwise chromatin remodelling by a cascade of transcription
initiation of non-coding RNAs p130
Non coding RNAs are abundant, yet their function is still largely
unknown. In this paper, non coding RNA transcripts are detected at
the fission yeast fbp1+ locus, upstream of the normal transcription
initiation site. Transcription of these non coding RNAs through the
promoter region of fbp1+ is required for chromatin remodelling and
robust activation of fbp1+ during glucose starvation.
Kouji Hirota et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07348
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoh0E1
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoi0E2
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p135
International guidelines for ethics in graduate research are a good
idea — but coordination and implementation will be challenging.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7218-135a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoj0E3
Postdocs and Students
German mentors steer a new course p137
Nurturing independence is appreciated, as Alison Abbott finds out.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/nj7218-137a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAok0E4
Career View
Julio Frenk, dean, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,
Massachusetts p138
A concern for the impoverished leads to an intercontinental
public-health career.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7218-138a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAol0E5
Getting and gaining from interviews p138
Two successful job applicants offer their tips for a good interview.
Siobhán Brady & Marc Johnson
doi:10.1038/nj7218-138b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAom0E6
Lessons from Formula One p138
Racing ahead in science and on the track.
Amanda Goh
doi:10.1038/nj7218-138c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAon0E7
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
A nice thought p140
Happy families.
Catherine Mintz
doi:10.1038/456140a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoo0E8
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
05 November 2008
X-ray structure of a pentameric ligand-gated ion channel in an
apparently open conformation
Nicolas Bocquet et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07462
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAop0EA
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoq0EB
X-ray structure of NS1 from a highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus
Zachary A. Bornholdt and B. V. Venkataram Prasad
doi:10.1038/nature07444
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAor0EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAos0ED
Lymphoid tissue genesis induced by commensals through NOD1 regulates
intestinal homeostasis
Djahida Bouskra et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07450
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAot0EE
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAou0EF
WNT11 acts as a directional cue to organize the elongation
of early muscle fibres
Jérôme Gros, Olivier Serralbo & Christophe Marcelle
doi:10.1038/nature07564
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAov0EG
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAow0EH
Structure of a potentially open state of a proton-activated pentameric
ligand-gated ion channel
Ricarda J. C. Hilf & Raimund Dutzler
doi:10.1038/nature07461
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAox0EI
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoy0EJ
G protein G-alpha-i functions immediately downstream of Smoothened
in Hedgehog signalling
Stacey K. Ogden et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07459
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAoz0EK
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo10E6
02 November 2008
HITS-CLIP yields genome-wide insights into brain alternative
RNA processing
Donny D. Licatalosi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07488
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo20E7
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo30E8
Alternative isoform regulation in human tissue transcriptomes
Eric T. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07509
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo40EA
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo50EB
A human natural killer cell subset provides an innate source
of IL-22 for mucosal immunity
Marina Cella et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07537
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo60EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo70ED
A structural explanation for the binding of endocytic dileucine motifs
by the AP2 complex
Bernard T. Kelly et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07422
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CAo80EE
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CApA0EO
Coordinate control of synaptic-layer specificity and rhodopsins
in photoreceptor neurons
Marta Morey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07419
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CApB0EP
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CApC0EQ
Temporal identity in axonal target layer recognition
Milan Petrovic & Thomas Hummel
doi:10.1038/nature07407
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CApD0ER
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0CApE0ES
=====================================================================
Salk Institute, Fondation IPSEN, Nature and
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology present:
Symposium on Biological Complexity:
Processes of Aging
January 8-10, 2009
Salk Institute for Biological Studies- La Jolla, CA
For more information and to register visit:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eofw0Xztnp0HjB0B63d0Ek
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