4 March 2010 Volume 464 Number 7285, pp 7 - 132
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Do scientists really need a PhD? p7
Young scientists at a Chinese genomics institute are foregoing
conventional postgraduate training for the chance to be part
of major scientific initiatives. Is this the way of the future?
doi:10.1038/464007a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The ratings game pp7-8
International university rankings need to be improved -- and
interpreted more wisely.
doi:10.1038/464007b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The bigger picture p8
General science meetings are good opportunities for researchers to
broaden their horizons.
doi:10.1038/464008a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Biology: Secret code p10
doi:10.1038/464010a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetics: Gene guards p10
doi:10.1038/464010b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: Light DNA machine p10
doi:10.1038/464010c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Electronics: Caught on film p10
doi:10.1038/464010d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: Stayin' alive p10
doi:10.1038/464010e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Old stars call out pp10-11
doi:10.1038/464010f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemical biology: With added sugar p11
doi:10.1038/464011a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Applied physics: Sound lasers hum along p11
doi:10.1038/464011b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Wildlife biology: Lizard back burden p11
doi:10.1038/464011c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Use it or lose it p11
doi:10.1038/464011d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p11
Robert Lucas
doi:10.1038/464011e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 4 March 2010 pp12-13
The week in science
doi:10.1038/464012a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Model response to Chile quake? pp14-15
Experts debate how much emergency-response planners should rely
on tsunami forecasts.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/464014a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Unmanned planes take wing for science pp14-15
Drones will measure ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/464014b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
University rankings smarten up pp16-17
Systems for ranking the world's higher-education and research
institutions are about to become more sophisticated,
says Declan Butler.
doi:10.1038/464016a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fat rats skew research results p19
Overfed lab animals make poor subjects for experiments.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/464019a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The labours of Fotis Kafatos p20
Launching the European Research Council was a Herculean effort, says
its outgoing president.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/464020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Weapons labs to thrive as Obama trims nukes p21
President takes first steps towards goal of disarmament.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/464021a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Chinese bioscience: The sequence factory pp22-24
The bold ambitions of one institute could make China the world leader
in genome sequencing. David Cyranoski asks if its science will
survive the industrial ramp-up.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/464022a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-proliferation: Borderline detection pp26-27
Georgia's borders are guarded by some of the best radiation detectors
available — so why are nuclear smugglers still slipping through?
Sharon Weinberger reports.
doi:10.1038/464026a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COLUMN
----------------------
World view: Curing climate backlash pp28-28
Effective action on climate requires better politics, not better science,
explains Daniel Sarewitz.
doi:10.1038/464028a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=265&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
South Africa: telescopes raise the nation's sights p30
Patricia Whitelock
doi:10.1038/464030a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
South Africa: aiming to be premier global astronomy hub p30
Rob Adam
doi:10.1038/464030b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
South Africa: big science should stay on the agenda p30
Steven L. Chown
doi:10.1038/464030c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Myth-busting about first mass-produced human cell line p30
Leonard Hayflick
doi:10.1038/464030d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Spring awakening planned for Mars rover Spirit p31
Steve Squyres
doi:10.1038/464031a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Esaki diode is still a radio star, half a century on p31
Leo Esaki, Yasuhiko Arakawa and Masatoshi Kitamura
doi:10.1038/464031b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Foundations could allocate money more productively p31
Ingrid Eisenstadter
doi:10.1038/464031c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OPINION
----------------------
Stop laser uranium enrichment pp32-33
The US Congress should discourage efforts to advance the technology
to make fuel for nuclear reactors, say Francis Slakey and
Linda R. Cohen -- the risks outweigh the benefits.
Francis Slakey and Linda R. Cohen
doi:10.1038/464032a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Is there anybody out there? p34
Paul Davies's latest book argues that the search for intelligent
life beyond Earth should be expanded. Chris McKay considers why
we should look closer to home -- perhaps even in our DNA.
Chris McKay reviews The Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for
Alien Intelligence/Are We Alone In The Universe? by Paul Davies
doi:10.1038/464034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Why you shouldn't always follow the crowd p35
Mark Buchanan reviews The Perfect Swarm: The Science of Complexity
in Everyday Life by Len Fisher
doi:10.1038/464035a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Autism and animal insight p35
Wes Jamison and Clive Wynne review Temple Grandin by Mick Jackson
doi:10.1038/464035b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: Joanna Cole on writing science books for kids p36
Joanna Cole has authored more than 100 science books for children,
including the best-selling Magic School Bus series, the latest edition
of which tackles the topic of climate change. In the last of our
series of interviews with authors who write science books for
different audiences, Cole reveals how clarity and colour can
introduce even very young children to science.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/464036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Behavioural neurobiology: The treacherous scent of a human pp37-38
Mosquitoes' odorant receptors help the insects to find humans and,
inadvertently, to transmit malaria. The identification of the
odorants that bind to these receptors opens up ways of reducing
mosquito biting.
Walter S. Leal
doi:10.1038/464037a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microscopy: When mica and water meet pp38-39
A neat mode of operation of the atomic force microscope has been used
to probe the interface between mica and water. The results help to
settle a long-standing debate about the nature of this interface.
Joost W. M. Frenken and Tjerk H. Oosterkamp
doi:10.1038/464038a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p39
doi:10.1038/464039b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Hydrocarbon superconductors pp39-41
Superconductivity has been discovered in the materials that form when
alkali metals react with a solid hydrocarbon. This is the first new
class of organic, high-temperature superconductor in a decade.
Matthew J. Rosseinsky and Kosmas Prassides
doi:10.1038/464039a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Clinical immunology: Culprits with evolutionary ties pp41-42
The cellular organelles we know as mitochondria are thought to have
originated as symbiotic bacteria. Indeed, the two use common
mechanisms to trigger innate immune responses to injury and
infection, respectively.
Carolyn S. Calfee and Michael A. Matthay
doi:10.1038/464041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Mind the helical crack pp42-43
Catastrophic breakage of brittle materials such as ceramics is
usually triggered by the rapid spreading of cracks. Computer
simulations have now cracked the three-dimensional details of
this process.
Markus J. Buehler and Zhiping Xu
doi:10.1038/464042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental genetics: Time for teeth p43
Sadaf Shadan
doi:10.1038/464043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Marshall Nirenberg (1927-2010) p44
A humble, gentle and visionary giant of molecular biology.
C. Thomas Caskey
doi:10.1038/464044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
Quantum computers pp45-53
T. D. Ladd et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08812
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Remarkably ancient balanced polymorphisms in a multi-locus gene network
pp54-58
Local adaptations are often governed by several interacting genes
scattered throughout the genome. Here a novel type of multi-locus
genetic variation is described that has been maintained within a
species over a vast period of time. A balanced unlinked gene network
polymorphism is dissected that involves galactose utilization in a
close relative of baker's yeast.
Chris Todd Hittinger et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08791
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic
sequencing pp59-65
Deep metagenomic sequencing and characterization of the human gut
microbiome from healthy and obese individuals, as well as those
suffering from inflammatory bowel disease, provide the first insights
into this gene set and how much of it is shared among individuals.
The minimal gut metagenome as well as the minimal gut bacterial
genome is also described.
Junjie Qin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08821
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae pp66-71
Insect vectors of diseases locate their animal hosts through olfaction
via largely unknown molecular processes. Here the 'empty neuron'
system of genetically engineered Drosophila is used to assign specific
odorants to the entire repertoire of olfactory receptors of the malaria
vector Anopheles gambiae. The results illuminate ecological and
neurobiological differences between mosquitoes and fruitflies and
provide new potential molecular targets to boost the struggle against
insect-borne diseases.
Allison F. Carey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08834
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Linking dwarf galaxies to halo building blocks with the most metal-poor
star in Sculptor pp72-75
Current models indicate that the Milky Way's stellar halo was assembled
from many smaller systems, and recent studies claimed that the true
Galactic building blocks must have been vastly different from the
surviving dwarfs. But the overall abundance pattern of elements in
S1020549, the most iron-poor star in the Sculptor dwarf galaxies, is
now found to follow that seen in low-metallicity halo stars, indicating
that the systems destroyed to form the halo billions of years ago were
not fundamentally different from the progenitors of present-day dwarfs.
Anna Frebel, Evan N. Kirby and Joshua D. Simon
doi:10.1038/nature08772
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Superconductivity in alkali-metal-doped picene pp76-79
The phenomenon of superconductivity continues to intrigue, and several
new superconducting materials have been discovered in recent years
-- but in the case of organic superconductors, no new material system
with a high superconducting transition temperature has been identified
in the past decade. Now it has been shown that the introduction of
potassium into crystals of organic molecule picene can yield
superconductivity at temperatures as high as 18 K.
Ryoji Mitsuhashi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08859
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reinventing germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip
optical interconnects pp80-84
To integrate microchips with optical communications a photodetector
is required to mediate the optical and electronic signals. Although
germanium photodetectors are compatible with silicon their performance
is impaired by poor intrinsic noise. Here the noise is reduced by
nanometre engineering of optical and electrical fields to produce a
compact and efficient photodetector.
Solomon Assefa, Fengnian Xia and Yurii A. Vlasov
doi:10.1038/nature08813
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Helical crack-front instability in mixed-mode fracture pp85-89
The addition of shear orthogonal to the tension-loading plane of crack
propagation generates an instability that results in three-dimensional
helical crack propagation, atomically rough surfaces and a fracture
pattern resembling a series of lance shapes. Here numerical simulations
reveal a new law that governs crack propagation in space for materials
subject to general stress conditions.
Antonio J. Pons and Alain Karma
doi:10.1038/nature08862
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metabolic streamlining in an open-ocean nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium
pp90-94
UCYN A is a recently discovered nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium with
unusual metabolic features. The complete genome of this uncultivated
organism is now presented, revealing a photofermentative metabolism
and dependency on other organisms for essential compounds.
H. James Tripp et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08786
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecologically distinct dinosaurian sister group shows early diversification
of Ornithodira pp95-98
A new genus and species is described from fragmentary remains of a
reptile from the mid-Triassic of Tanzania. The finding clarifies the
relationships among the silesaurs. It is among the earliest known
ornithodirans (dinosaurs plus pterosaurs), and demonstrates that
silesaurs were not two-legged carnivores, as expected, but larger
and more herbivorous. Furthermore, the find shows that we still
know very little about the earliest stages of dinosaur and pterosaur
evolution.
Sterling J. Nesbitt et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08718
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Changes in Hox genes' structure and function during the evolution of
the squamate body plan pp99-103
The organization of Hox clusters in several different reptiles is
investigated, showing that the Hox clusters in squamates -- lizards
and snakes -- have unexpectedly accumulated transposable elements,
reflecting extensive genomic rearrangements of coding and non coding
regulatory regions. Comparative expression analyses between two species
showing different axial skeletons, the corn snake and the whiptail
lizard, revealed major alterations in Hox13 and Hox10 expression
features during snake somitogenesis, in line with the expansion of both
caudal and thoracic regions.
Nicolas Di-Poi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08789
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury
pp104-107
Severe trauma can lead to death and sepsis in the absence of apparent
infection. Here evidence shows that mitochondrial debris, released
from damaged cells, is present in the circulation of seriously injured
trauma patients. Such debris is shown to activate neutrophils via
specific formyl peptide receptors, triggering systemic inflammation
and end organ injury.
Qin Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08780
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Haematopoietic stem cells derive directly from aortic endothelium during
development pp108-111
One of two papers showing the generation of haematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs) from the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta in live zebrafish
embryos. Here, combined fluorescent reporter transgenes, confocal
time-lapse microscopy and flow cytometry identify and isolate the
stepwise intermediates as aortic haemogenic endothelium transitions
to nascent HSCs. HSCs generated from this haemogenic endothelium are
the lineal founders of virtually all of the adult haematopoietic system.
Julien Y. Bertrand et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08738
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Blood stem cells emerge from aortic endothelium by a novel type of cell
transition pp112-115
One of two papers showing the generation of haematopoietic stem cells
(HSCs) from the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta in live zebrafish
embryos. Here, using imaging of live zebrafish, HSCs are shown to
emerge directly from the aorta floor. This process does not involve
cell division but movement of single endothelial cells out of the
aorta ventral wall into the sub aortic space, where they transform
into haematopoietic cells.
Karima Kissa and Philippe Herbomel
doi:10.1038/nature08761
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
In vivo imaging of haematopoietic cells emerging from the mouse aortic
endothelium pp116-120
De novo emergence of phenotypically defined haematopoietic stem cells
(Sca1+, c kit+, CD41+) directly from ventral aortic haemogenic
endothelial cells is shown in mice. Although the study did not
visualize live embryos, it instead developed a dissection procedure
to visualize the deeply located aorta.
Jean-Charles Boisset et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08764
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation by reversible enzyme
deacetylation pp121-125
During fasting SIRT3 is induced in liver and brown adipose tissue.
One of SIRT3's substrates is shown to be long-chain acyl co-enzyme
A dehydrogenase (LCAD). Without SIRT3 LCAD becomes hyperacetylated,
which diminishes its activity, and reduces fatty acid oxidation.
Mice without SIRT3 have all the hallmarks of fatty acid oxidation
disorders during fasting, including reduced ATP levels and intolerance
to cold. Thus, acetylation is a novel regulatory mechanism for fatty
acid oxidation.
Matthew D. Hirschey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08778
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Opposing microRNA families regulate self-renewal in mouse embryonic
stem cells p126
Collin Melton, Robert L. Judson and Robert Blelloch
doi:10.1038/nature08887
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
Cultivating new talent p128
Concerns about food shortages, land use, climate change and biodiversity
have created a huge need for interdisciplinary researchers focused on
agriculture.
Virginia Gewin investigates the opportunities.
doi:10.1038/nj7285-128a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p130
doi:10.1038/nj7285-130a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Transitions p132
Different business models for difficult times.
Dan Erlanson
doi:10.1038/464132a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
03 March 2010
Heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations in normal and tumour cells
Yiping He et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08802
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transcriptional control of preadipocyte determination by Zfp423
Rana K. Gupta et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08816
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates
type-2 immunity
Daniel R. Neill et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08900
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
IL25 elicits a multipotent progenitor cell population that promotes
TH2 cytokine responses
Steven A. Saenz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08901
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
28 February 2010
Systems survey of endocytosis by multiparametric image analysis
Claudio Collinet et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08779
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Control of Arabidopsis apical-basal embryo polarity by antagonistic
transcription factors
Zachery R. Smith and Jeff A. Long
doi:10.1038/nature08843
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=34673594&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjgyNjczMDQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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