February 2010 Volume 6 Number 2
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EDITORIAL
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Aldosterone 'escape' vs 'breakthrough'
Robert W. Schrier
p61 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.228
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Risk factors: Rapid renal function decline is associated with an increased
risk of cardiovascular complications
p63 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.216
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Surgery: Revascularization may not benefit renal artery stenosis
p64 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.219
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IN BRIEF
Stem cells | Glomerular disease | Diabetes | Chronic kidney disease
p64 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.221
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Chronic kidney disease: New hope for patients with pure red-cell aplasia
or hypoplasia
p65 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.218
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IN BRIEF
Glomerular disease | Acute coronary syndromes | Hypertension |
Renal injury
p65 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.222
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Dialysis: Dialysis is associated with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular
mortality
p66 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.217
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Hypertension: Diabetes and LV mass predict progression of prehypertension
to hypertension
p66 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.220
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Pediatrics: Blood pressure target for renoprotection in children
Robert H. Mak, Joseph Flynn and George Bakris
p67 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.224
The optimal blood pressure target for the protection of kidney function
in children with chronic kidney disease is controversial. The ESCAPE
trial has now shown, however, that lowering the blood pressure target
to below the 50th percentile slows pediatric chronic kidney disease
progression.
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Transplantation: Can a single criterion determine the use of ECD
kidneys?
Burcin Ekser and Paolo Rigotti
p68 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.226
Increased use of kidneys from expanded-criteria donors (ECDs) for both
single and dual kidney transplantation has led to controversy over the
criteria for selecting appropriate organs. Although several selection
criteria have been proposed to determine the 'transplantability' of ECD
kidneys, comprehensive clinical and histological assessment before
transplantation remains necessary.
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Pediatrics: How 'minimal' are the adult consequences of childhood MCNS?
Kevin V. Lemley
p70 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.223
Childhood-onset minimal-change nephrotic syndrome-usually considered
a relatively benign disorder confined to childhood-is increasingly
being appreciated to continue into adulthood in a sizeable minority of
patients. Despite generally excellent preservation of kidney function,
treatment-related morbidity may be considerable in these patients.
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Acute kidney injury: Diagnosis and classification of AKI: AKIN or RIFLE?
Sean M. Bagshaw
p71 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.225
Acute kidney injury is a common syndrome associated with increased
morbidity and mortality, but academic advances in this field are hindered
by the lack of a universally accepted definition. Two classification
schemes-the AKIN and the RIFLE criteria-have been proposed, but
uncertainty remains as to whether their performance is comparable.
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Transplantation: Pediatric en bloc kidneys are suitable for adult
recipients
Edward J. Alfrey and Christine S. Hwang
p73 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.227
A number of concerns have prevented the widespread use of pediatric
en bloc kidneys for transplantation in adults. New evidence suggests
that some of these concerns could be unfounded and that en bloc pediatric
kidneys might perform as well, or even better, than grafts from
traditional donors.
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REVIEWS
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Epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis: a story of believers and nonbelievers
Norbert Lameire and Wim Van Biesen
Published online: 15 December 2009
p75 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.210
The selection of a specific dialysis modality can have important
consequences in terms of survival and quality of life. In this Review,
Lameire and Van Biesen compare the epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis
with that of hemodialysis and describe some of the major differences
that exist in the global utilization of these two dialysis modalities.
The authors describe a number of medical and nonmedical factors, including
economic, educational and psychological factors that influence dialysis
modality choice.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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Diabetic nephropathy: a disorder of oxygen metabolism?
Toshio Miyata and Charles van Ypersele de Strihou
Published online: 15 December 2009
p83 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.211
Individuals with diabetic nephropathy experience sequential
abnormalities in oxygen metabolism, partly as a result of chronic
hypoxia. Toshio Miyata and Charles van Ypersele de Strihou discuss
molecules involved in the defense against hypoxia, especially oxygen
sensors, and novel methods of inhibiting such molecules.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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Imaging for the prognosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
disease
Kyongtae T. Bae and Jared J. Grantham
p96 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.214
The defining characteristic of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney
disease is the progressive formation and enlargement of large numbers
of renal cysts, which in most patients eventually leads to end-stage
renal disease. In this Review, Bae and Grantham examine the evidence
that supports a prognostic role for imaging-based measurements of volume
and rate of enlargement of cysts and of whole kidneys for patients with
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Fluid balance and acute kidney injury
John R. Prowle, Jorge E. Echeverri, E. Valentina Ligabo, Claudio Ronco
and Rinaldo Bellomo
Published online: 22 December 2009
p107 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.213
Intravenous fluids are widely administered to patients who have, or are
at risk of, acute kidney injury (AKI), but deleterious consequences of
overzealous fluid therapy are increasingly being recognized. This Review
describes the problems of fluid management in acquired AKI, and discusses
the need to balance the competing needs of adequate fluid resuscitation,
the avoidance of progressively positive fluid balances (which can lead
to extracellular volume expansion and organ edema), and the possibility
of overzealous fluid removal (which can lead to hypovolemic AKI).
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Hyponatremia and seizures caused by triamcinolone-induced adrenal
insufficiency
Stefan Reuter, Niklas Scholten, Hermann Pavenstadt, Uta Hillebrand and
Eckhart Bussemaker
p117 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.215
This article reports the case of a 49-year-old woman who presented to
hospital with symptoms associated with severe hyponatremia. For the
previous 6 years, she had been treated for lumbago with lumbar facet
joint injections of triamcinolone acetonide every 10-12 weeks. Laboratory
analyses and nonresponse to the corticotropin-releasing-hormone-stimulation
test led to the conclusion that triamcinolone acetonide treatment had
caused the development of secondary adrenal insufficiency, which in
turn had led to upregulation of antidiuretic hormone and the development
of hyponatremia.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=34590291&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NjYzMTMwOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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