17 December 2009 Volume 462 Number 7275, pp 825 - 950
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EDITORIALS
----------------------
Credit where credit is due p825
A proposed author ID system is gaining widespread support, and could
help lay the foundation for an academic-reward system less heavily
tied to publications and citations.
doi:10.1038/462825a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mind the gap pp825-826
It will take time to assess the value of fresh approaches to science
and technology studies.
doi:10.1038/462825b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A class of their own p826
The Japanese winners of Nature's mentoring awards have the universal
qualities of outstanding advisers.
doi:10.1038/462826a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Primatology: Monkey talk p828
doi:10.1038/462828a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physical chemistry: Dual-aspect particles p828
doi:10.1038/462828b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Reef regulation p828
doi:10.1038/462828c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Tumours hate company p828
doi:10.1038/462828d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geology: Bubble batholiths p828
doi:10.1038/462828e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Population genetics: Asia's common origin pp828-829
doi:10.1038/462828f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: One-hit wonder p829
doi:10.1038/462829a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Palaeontology: Dawn of the anomodonts p829
doi:10.1038/462829b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Psychology: Personality versus mood p829
doi:10.1038/462829c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Epidemiology: Malaria's mark p829
doi:10.1038/462829d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p829
doi:10.1038/462829e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p829
Reuben Shaw
doi:10.1038/462829f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 17 December 2009 pp830-831
The week in science
doi:10.1038/462830a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Budget win for climate probe p832
NASA gets cash to replace a failed carbon-emissions observatory, but
concerns remain over future funding.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/462832a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Royal Institution faces cash crisis p833
Overspend threatens to curtail science outreach activities.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/462833a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
China celebrates panda genome p833
Next-generation sequencing technologies tackle iconic bear.
Brendan Borrell
doi:10.1038/462833b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Satellites beam in biomass estimates pp834-835
Additional detail could help bring woodland into a future
climate treaty.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/462834a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK research funding proposal is 'irresponsible' pp834-835
Academics rally to protest over assessment changes.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/462834b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hope for Japan's key projects p835
Science council recommends funding for research threatened
by budget cuts.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/462835a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Modellers claim wars are predictable p836
Insurgent attacks follow a universal pattern of timing and
casualties.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/462836a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Consent issue dogs stem-cell approval p837
NIH director bows to restrictions on use of cell lines.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/462837a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
French research wins huge cash boost p838
President Sarkozy uses 'big loan' to push his reform agenda.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/462838a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Genetics: Watching science at work pp840-842
A network of social scientists in the United Kingdom is seeking better
ways to study the work of biologists.
But, asks Colin Macilwain, can it earn its subjects' trust?
Colin Macilwain
doi:10.1038/462840a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human genomics: The genome finishers pp843-845
Dedicated scientists are working hard to close the gaps, fix the
errors and finally complete the human genome sequence.
Elie Dolgin looks at how close they are.
doi:10.1038/462843a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COLUMN
----------------------
World view: Out of service p846
Decaying infrastructure is an urgent threat that scientists and
engineers must help to address,
says Colin Macilwain.
doi:10.1038/462846a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Iran's scientists condemn instances of plagiarism p847
Farhad Ardalan et al.
doi:10.1038/462847a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Opening dialogue between the recent and the long ago p847
Julien Louys, Laura C. Bishop and David M. Wilkinson
doi:10.1038/462847b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK defence group's structure could limit its usefulness p847
Steven M. Block
doi:10.1038/462847c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
OPINION
----------------------
Geothermal quake risks must be faced pp848-849
Discussion needs to be open about how exploitation of Earth's internal
heat can produce earthquakes, says Domenico Giardini, so that the
alternative-energy technology can be properly utilized.
Domenico Giardini
doi:10.1038/462848a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
A vision of the nanoscale p850
A collaborative effort between a photographer and a chemist could
show scientists how to make the small scale more intuitive,
says Jeremy Baumberg.
Jeremy Baumberg reviews No Small Matter: Science on the Nanoscale
by Felice C. Frankel and George M. Whitesides
doi:10.1038/462850a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pop-up physics p851
Geoff Brumfiel reviews A Voyage to the Heart of Matter: The ATLAS
Experiment at CERN by Emma Saunders and Anton Radevsky
doi:10.1038/462851a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Trust puts the self on show pp851-852
Jennifer Rohn reviews Identity: Eight Rooms, Nine Lives by
doi:10.1038/462851b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Artistic dispatches on climate p852
Colin Martin reviews Earth: Art of a Changing World by
doi:10.1038/462852a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Extrasolar planets: Water world larger than Earth pp853-854
The hunt for Earth-like worlds has taken a major step forward with the
discovery of a planet only 2.7 times larger than Earth. Its mass and
size are just as theorists would expect for a water-rich super-Earth.
Geoffrey Marcy
doi:10.1038/462853a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA Replication: Prime-time looping pp854-855
When the replication machinery copies DNA, it must unwind the double
helix in one direction while synthesis of one of the strands proceeds
in the other. Making transient DNA loops may solve this directional
dilemma.
Nicholas E. Dixon
doi:10.1038/462854a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p855
doi:10.1038/462855a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Global change: Interglacial and future sea level pp856-857
A merger of data and modelling using a probabilistic approach indicates
that sea level was much higher during the last interglacial than it
is now, providing telling clues about future ice-sheet responses to
warming.
Peter U. Clark and Peter Huybers
doi:10.1038/462856a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA repair: A heavyweight joins the fray pp857-858
Tagging of DNA-damage-associated proteins by ubiquitin is key to
coordinating the DNA-damage response. The ubiquitin-related protein
SUMO is revealed as a crucial regulator of ubiquitylation in DNA repair.
Simon J. Boulton
doi:10.1038/462857a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: Soggy origami pp858-859
Flat microstructures can be designed to spontaneously fold into
three-dimensional shapes. Computer simulations of water droplets on
sheets of carbon atoms now extend this concept to the nanometre scale.
Vincent H. Crespi
doi:10.1038/462858a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: New tricks and old spines pp859-861
Imaging of brain structures in living mice reveals that learning new
tasks leads to persistent remodelling of synaptic structures, with
each new skill associated with a small and unique assembly of new
synapses.
Noam E. Ziv and Ehud Ahissar
doi:10.1038/462859a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microscopy: Photons and electrons team up p861
An imaging technique has been demonstrated that blends the principles
of conventional light and electron microscopy. It renders images with
nanometre and femtosecond space-time resolution.
F. Javier Garcia de Abajo
doi:10.1038/462861a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Claude Levi-Strauss (1908-2009) p862
Leading anthropologist of his generation.
Adam Kuper
doi:10.1038/462862a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Probabilistic assessment of sea level during the last interglacial
stage pp863-867
Sea levels during the last interglacial stage (about 125 kyr ago) are
known to have been higher than today, and may serve as a partial
analogue for anthropogenic warming scenarios. However, because local
sea levels differ from global sea level, accurately reconstructing past
global sea level requires an integrated analysis of globally distributed
data sets. An extensive compilation of local sea level indicators and a
statistical approach are now used to estimate global sea level during
the last interglacial.
Robert E. Kopp et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08686
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Parental origin of sequence variants associated with complex diseases
pp868-874
The effect of sequence variants on phenotypes may depend on parental
origin. Here, a method is developed that takes parental origin -- the
impact of which, to date, has largely been ignored -- into account in
genome-wide association studies. For 38,167 Icelanders genotyped, the
parental origin of most alleles is determined; furthermore, a number
of variants are found that show associations specific to parental
origin, including three with type 2 diabetes.
Augustine Kong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08625
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Growth landscape formed by perception and import of glucose in yeast
pp875-879
The quantitative description of microbial growth using a few measurable
parameters is an important challenge in systems biology. Extracellular
glucose sensing and uptake initiate the budding yeast's growth on
glucose, but conventional growth models focus almost exclusively on
glucose uptake. By uncoupling these two parameters, the interaction
between glucose perception and import, rather than their individual
actions, is now shown to determine the central features of growth.
Hyun Youk and Alexander van Oudenaarden
doi:10.1038/nature08653
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transport mechanism of a bacterial homologue of glutamate transporters
pp880-885
The thermodynamically uphill uptake of glutamate from the synaptic
cleft into the cytoplasm of glia and neuronal cells is carried out
by glutamate transporters. The conformational transition of the
transporters between outward and inward facing states is crucial for
this process to occur. Here, the crystal structure of a double cysteine
mutant of a bacterial homologue of glutamate transporters, trapped in
the inward facing state by cysteine crosslinking, is described.
Nicolas Reyes, Christopher Ginter and Olga Boudker
doi:10.1038/nature08616
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The SUMO modification pathway is involved in the BRCA1 response to
genotoxic stress pp886-890
The protein encoded by the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1
participates in the DNA damage response and acts as a ubiquitin ligase;
however, its regulation remains poorly understood. The ligase activity
of BRCA1 is now shown to require PIAS-mediated modification with SUMO,
and in the absence of PIAS SUMO ligases, DNA repair is impeded. The
data demonstrate that the SUMOylation pathway has a significant role
in the mammalian DNA damage response.
Joanna R. Morris et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08593
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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----------------------
LETTERS
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A super-Earth transiting a nearby low-mass star pp891-894
A population of extrasolar planets has been uncovered with minimum
masses of 1.9-10 times the Earth's mass, called super-Earths, but
atmospheric studies can be precluded by the distance and size of
their stars. Here, observations of the transiting planet GJ 1214b
are reported; it has a mass 6.55 times that of the Earth and a
radius 2.68 times the Earth's radius. The star is small and only 13
parsecs away, permitting the study of the planetary atmosphere with
current observatories.
David Charbonneau et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08679
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A single sub-kilometre Kuiper belt object from a stellar occultation
in archival data pp895-897
The Kuiper belt is a remnant of the primordial Solar System. Small,
sub-kilometre-sized, Kuiper belt objects elude direct detection, but
the signature of their occultations of background stars should be
detectable. Analysis of archival data now reveals an occultation by
a body with an approximately 500-metre radius at a distance of 45
astronomical units. The detection of only one event reveals a deficit
of sub-kilometre-sized Kuiper belt objects and implies that these small
bodies are undergoing collisional erosion.
H. E. Schlichting et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08608
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Photon-by-photon feedback control of a single-atom trajectory pp898-901
Feedback is one of the most powerful techniques for the control of
classical systems. An extension into the quantum domain is desirable
as it could allow the production of non-trivial quantum states and
protection against decoherence. Here, real-time feedback control of
the motion of a single atom trapped in an optical cavity is demonstrated,
by using individual probe photons carrying information about the atomic
position to activate a dipole laser.
A. Kubanek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08563
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Photon-induced near-field electron microscopy pp902-906
Optical near-field microscopies can achieve spatial resolutions beyond
the diffraction limit, but they cannot match the atomic-scale resolution
of electron microscopy. Here, the development of photon-induced
near-field electron microscopy -- an ingenious blend of these two
imaging modalities -- opens the way for direct space-time imaging of
localized fields at interfaces and visualization of phenomena related to
photonics, plasmonics and nanostructures.
Brett Barwick, David J. Flannigan and Ahmed H. Zewail
doi:10.1038/nature08662
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fault zone fabric and fault weakness pp907-910
A number of lines of evidence suggest that some crustal faults are
weak compared to laboratory measurements of frictional strength;
however, a satisfactory explanation for this weakness has remained
elusive. Laboratory evidence is now provided for a brittle, frictional
weakening mechanism based on common fault zone fabrics. Fault samples
with well-developed foliation are shown to be extremely weak compared
to their powdered equivalents.
Cristiano Collettini, Andre Niemeijer, Cecilia Viti and Chris Marone
doi:10.1038/nature08585
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=134&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Common ecology quantifies human insurgency pp911-914
Universal patterns can be observed in many collective human activities,
including violence. However, the possibility of universal patterns
ranging across wars in the size distribution or timing of
within-conflict events has barely been explored. Here, the sizes and
timing of violent events within different insurgent conflicts are shown
to exhibit remarkable similarities, and a unified model of human
insurgency -- with an interesting resemblance to financial market
models -- is proposed.
Juan Camilo Bohorquez et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08631
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Rapid formation and selective stabilization of synapses for enduring
motor memories pp915-919
The learning of novel motor skills through repetitive practice is
associated with enhanced synaptic efficacy in the motor cortex.
However, how motor learning affects neuronal circuitry at the level
of individual synapses and how long-lasting memory is structurally
encoded in the intact brain remain unknown. Synaptic connections in
the living mouse brain are now shown to respond to motor-skill
learning and permanently rewire; this could be the foundation of
durable motor memory.
Tonghui Xu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08389
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stably maintained dendritic spines are associated with lifelong memories
pp920-924
Connections between neurons are thought to be remodelled when we learn
new tasks or acquire new information; however, it is unclear how neural
circuits undergo continuous synaptic changes during learning while
maintaining lifelong memories. Here, by following post-synaptic
dendritic spines in the mouse cortex, it is shown that a small fraction
of new spines induced by novel experience are preserved and provide a
structural basis for lifelong memory retention.
Guang Yang, Feng Pan and Wen-Biao Gan
doi:10.1038/nature08577
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Division and apoptosis of E2f-deficient retinal progenitors pp925-929
The activating E2f transcription factors induce transcription and drive
cells out of quiescence, but whether activating E2fs are necessary for
normal division is an area of debate. Here, the mouse retina is
genetically manipulated to address E2f function in normal cells in vivo.
Cells in the mouse retina can still divide in the absence of E2f1-3,
although loss of activating E2fs leads to elevated apoptosis; thus,
E2fs are not universally required for normal mammalian cell division.
Danian Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08544
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
E2f1-3 switch from activators in progenitor cells to repressors in
differentiating cells pp930-934
The in vivo function of E2f transcription factors has been a matter
of debate. The effects of E2f1, E2f2 and E2f3 triple deficiency are
now examined in murine embryonic stem cells, embryos and small
intestines. E2f1-3 are shown to function as transcriptional
activators in normal dividing progenitor cells; however, contrary to
the current view, they are dispensable for cell division but are
necessary for cell survival.
Jean-Leon Chong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08677
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA
double-strand breaks pp935-939
Following the formation of a DNA double-strand break (DSB), cells
activate the DNA-damage response and recruit a number of proteins
to the lesion. Some of these proteins are modified by the attachment
of small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO). Here, SUMO1, SUMO2 and
SUMO3 are shown to accumulate at DSB sites in mammalian cells. SUMO1
and SUMO2/3 accrual requires the E3 ligase enzymes PIAS4 and PIAS1,
hich promote DSB repair.
Yaron Galanty et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08657
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coordinating DNA replication by means of priming loop and differential
synthesis rate pp940-943
DNA is replicated by a replisome containing two DNA polymerase
molecules, one of which copies the leading-strand template in a
continuous manner while the second copies the lagging-strand template
in a discontinuous manner; however, the two strands are synthesized at
the same net rate. RNA primers are now shown to be made as DNA is being
synthesized and then passed on to the polymerase; to allow for this
transfer, the lagging-strand polymerase has a faster rate.
Manjula Pandey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08611
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ERRATUM
----------------------
SSB protein diffusion on single-stranded DNA stimulates RecA filament
formation p944
Rahul Roy, Alexander G. Kozlov, Timothy M. Lohman and Taekjip Ha
doi:10.1038/nature08600
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
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News
Rekindling the gender-bias debate p947
Bias may not be the only reason behind women's under-representation
in science, maths and engineering.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7275-947a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
News
Japanese mentors reap their awards p948
Nature recognizes the best of Japan's mentors.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/nj7275-948a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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FUTURES
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Rejuvenation p950
The chase is on.
Julian Tang
doi:10.1038/462950a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Advance Online Publication
----------------------
16 December 2009
A small-cell lung cancer genome with complex signatures of tobacco
exposure
Erin D. Pleasance et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08629
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Identification of sister chromatids by DNA template strand sequences
Ester Falconer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08644
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coots use hatch order to learn to recognize and reject conspecific
brood parasitic chicks
Daizaburo Shizuka and Bruce E. Lyon
doi:10.1038/nature08655
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A comprehensive catalogue of somatic mutations from a human cancer
genome
Erin D. Pleasance et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08658
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Three-dimensional structure determination from a single view
Kevin S. Raines et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08705
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
13 December 2009
DNA nanomechanics allows direct digital detection of complementary
DNA and microRNA targets
Sudhir Husale, Henrik H. J. Persson and Ozgur Sahin
doi:10.1038/nature08626
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Secreted semaphorins control spine distribution and morphogenesis
in the postnatal CNS
Tracy S. Tran et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08628
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome
Ruiqiang Li et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08696
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
HnRNP proteins controlled by c-Myc deregulate pyruvate kinase mRNA
splicing in cancer
Charles J. David et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08697
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34495309&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NjI1MzkwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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