October 2009 Volume 5 Number 10
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Nature Reviews Neuroscience
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Focus on CNS Evolution
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Charles Darwin's theory of descent with modification by means of natural
selection has stood the test of time. This focus issue celebrates the
contribution of Darwin's ideas to our current understanding of the
evolution of the nervous system. The articles in this special issue
discuss the molecular, cellular and structural changes that have
contributed to CNS evolution and their functional consequences.
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Produced with support from the Wellcome Trust
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Spinal cord injury: Plasticity provides an opportunity for rehabilitation
p519 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.140
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Stroke: Plasma ADMA: a novel biomarker of subclinical brain injury?
p520 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.143
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Stroke: Faster clot busting gets good results
p520 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.146
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Neuro-Oncology: Talampanel enhances survival in glioblastoma
p521 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.147
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IN BRIEF
Dementia | Pain | Traumatic brain injury | Stroke
p521 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.149
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Parkinson disease: Propagation of disease pathology in PD
p522 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.142
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Pain: Coral extract could soothe pain
p522 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.145
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Lifestyle risk factors for MCD
p523 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.144
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Stroke: Interleukin-17 and brain injury in stroke
p524 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.148
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IN BRIEF
Neurodegenerative disease | Parkinson disease | Migraine
p524 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.150
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Neurodegenerative disease: Genetic discrimination in Huntington disease
Stefan M. Pulst
p525 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.153
A survey conducted in Canada examined the prevalence of perceived genetic
discrimination against patients with Huntington disease. The respondents
reported discrimination not only by insurance or mortgage companies,
but also in family and social contexts. Discrimination was more frequently
attributed to family history than to genetic test results.
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Stroke: 'Spotting' patients at the highest risk of hematoma growth
Kyra Becker and David Tirschwell
p526 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.152
Clinical trials aimed at preventing hematoma expansion in patients with
intraparenchymal hemorrhage have failed to show benefit from experimental
intervention. Novel methods for identifying those patients at the
highest risk of hemorrhage growth might enable better patient selection
and, hence, increase the chance of demonstrating an improvement in
clinical outcome.
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Multiple sclerosis: TNFRSF1A, TRAPS and multiple sclerosis
Tania Kumpfel and Reinhard Hohlfeld
p528 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.154
A genome-wide association study has identified the R92Q variant of the
TNFRSF1A gene as a new susceptibility locus for multiple sclerosis. This
locus is of special interest because the R92Q substitution was previously
detected in a group of multiple sclerosis patients who had additional
symptoms compatible with the autoinflammatory syndrome TRAPS.
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Migraine: Treating acute migraine in the emergency department
Daniela Grimaldi and Pietro Cortelli
p529 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.155
The management of acute migraine in the emergency department presents
a therapeutic challenge for physicians, who need to provide adequate
pain relief while minimizing adverse events and relapses. New research
suggests that phenothiazines are effective drug therapies for acute
migraine, highlighting their potential use as first-line treatments for
acute migraine in the hospital setting.
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Parkinson disease: Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson disease: the PRIAMO
study
Ronald F. Pfeiffer
p531 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.156
Nonmotor symptoms are assuming an increasingly important place in the
constellation of clinical traits that characterize Parkinson disease.
A multicenter survey of patients with Parkinson disease highlights the
prevalence of these symptoms. The findings indicate that further research
into the pathophysiology and treatment of nonmotor symptoms is warranted.
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REVIEWS
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Parkinson disease and comorbid cerebrovascular disease
Wandana Nanhoe-Mahabier, Karlijn F. de Laat, Jasper E. Visser, Jan Zijlmans,
Frank-Erik de Leeuw and Bastiaan R. Bloem
Published online: 01 September 2009
p533 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.136
The incidence of Parkinson disease (PD) increases with age, so age-related
conditions are expected to feature prominently among the comorbidities
associated with this disease. In this article, Nanhoe-Mahabier et al.
explore a possible link between PD and cerebrovascular disease, discussing
the pathophysiological mechanisms that could underlie such a relationship,
and considering how comorbid cerebrovascular disease might affect the
clinical presentation of PD.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurological complications of chronic kidney disease
Arun V. Krishnan and Matthew C. Kiernan
Published online: 01 September 2009
p542 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.138
Chronic kidney disease is a serious global health problem, and almost
all patients with severe forms of the disease develop neurological
complications, which can include cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular
disease and peripheral neuropathies. Krishnan and Kiernan review the
clinical features and pathophysiology of the most common neurological
complications of chronic kidney disease, and highlight the currently
available treatment options.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Predicting responders to therapies for multiple sclerosis
Jordi Rio, Manuel Comabella and Xavier Montalban
p553 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.139
Early detection of a poor treatment response to disease-modifying agents
could be of great benefit to patients with relapsing-remitting multiple
sclerosis. Such individuals could be switched to a potentially more
effective treatment before too much neurological damage has occurred.
In this Review, Rio and colleagues examine the use of clinical measures,
MRI, and pharmacogenomics in assessing and predicting the treatment
response in patients with this condition.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biological fluid biomarkers in neurodegenerative parkinsonism
Michael Eller and David R. Williams
Published online: 01 September 2009
p561 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.135
Clinical overlap between the various types of neurodegenerative
parkinsonism, particularly in the early stages of disease, can make
differential diagnosis problematic. Biological fluid biomarker assays
are being explored as adjunctive tests to aid the diagnostic work-up
of patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism, and in this article
Eller and Williams cast a critical eye over the currently available
cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and urine biomarkers.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Cortical activity and hand function restoration in a patient after
spinal cord surgery
Thomas Carlstedt, Tomas Hultgren, Torbjorn Nyman and Thomas Hansson
p571 | doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2009.137
Complete brachial plexus injury leads to paralysis and loss of sensation
in the affected arm and hand. Carlstedt et al. present a long-term
follow-up assessment of a 9-year-old boy who underwent spinal cord
surgery after sustaining such an injury in a motorcycle accident. The
patient showed recovery of hand motor function without restoration of
sensation.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=34090527&r=MTc2NDUyMzIwMwS2&b=2&j=NTg3Mjg5MjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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