November 2009 Volume 10 Number 11, pp 1133 - 1221
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EDITORIAL
----------------------
Lessons learned p1133
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1133
Additional work is needed to prepare for the next pandemic viral
outbreak.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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MEETING REPORT
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Navigating the leukocyte signaling maze guided by Ariadne's thread
pp1134 - 1136
Amnon Altman, Gary A Koretzky and Constantine D Tsoukas
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1134
Ariadne is the legendary Minoan goddess of the Labyrinth. The term
'Ariadne's thread' is used to describe the understanding of complex
issues. Immunologists attending the 5th Leukocyte Signal Transduction
Workshop discussed the Ariadne's thread woven about intracellular
signaling pathways.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
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NDP52: the missing link between ubiquitinated bacteria and autophagy
pp1137 - 1139
Stanimir Ivanov and Craig R Roy
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1137
Mammalian cells ubiquitinate bacteria that erroneously enter the
cytosol and target these intruding microbes for destruction by
autophagy. New work shows that the protein NDP52 directly binds
to ubiquitinated bacteria and facilitates the assembly of an
autophagic membrane that surrounds these invaders.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
TLR2 joins the interferon gang pp1139 - 1141
Franz Bauernfeind and Veit Hornung
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1139
The induction of type I interferon is a critical checkpoint in
antiviral immunity. Toll-like receptor 2 can unexpectedly induce
type I interferon in the subset of inflammatory monocytes during
infection with vaccinia virus.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The gut feeling of Treg cells: IL-10 is the silver lining during
colitis pp1141 - 1143
Derya Unutmaz and Bali Pulendran
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1141
Regulatory T cells that express the transcription factor Foxp3 are
pivotal in suppressing autoimmune responses. A report in this issue
describes a key role for interleukin 10 produced by lamina propria
macrophages in maintaining Foxp3 expression during inflammatory
responses in the intestine.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Positively selecting peptides: their job does not end in the thymus
pp1143 - 1144
Kai W Wucherpfennig and Etienne Gagnon
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1143
Peptides able to positively select major histocompatibility complex
class II-restricted thymocytes have not yet been defined. Two new
reports identify and ascribe important extrathymic functions to
several positively selecting peptides for CD4+ T cells.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Research Highlights p1145
doi:10.1038/ni1109-1145
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
----------------------
A coming-of-age story: activation-induced cytidine deaminase turns
10 pp1147 - 1153
Rebecca K Delker, Sebastian D Fugmann and F Nina Papavasiliou
doi:10.1038/ni.1799
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
An endogenous peptide positively selects and augments the activation
and survival of peripheral CD4+ T cells pp1155 - 1161
Wan-Lin Lo et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1796
Endogenous peptides that positively select major histocompatibility
complex class II-restricted T cell receptors have not yet been
identified. Groups led by Davis and Allen identify several such
peptides and find that they influence activation and homeostasis of
peripheral T cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
An endogenous positively selecting peptide enhances mature T cell
responses and becomes an autoantigen in the absence of microRNA
miR-181a pp1162 - 1169
Peter J R Ebert et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1797
Endogenous peptides that positively select major histocompatibility
complex class II-restricted T cell receptors have not yet been
identified. Groups led by Davis and Allen identify several such
peptides and find that they influence activation and homeostasis
of peripheral T cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Runx-CBF beta complexes control expression of the transcription
factor Foxp3 in regulatory T cells pp1170 - 1177
Dipayan Rudra et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1795
In regulatory T cells, a decrease in expression of the transcription
factor Foxp3 results in loss of suppressor function. Rudensky and
co-workers find that Runx-CBF beta complexes are essential for
maintaining Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=13&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Interleukin 10 acts on regulatory T cells to maintain expression
of the transcription factor Foxp3 and suppressive function in mice
with colitis pp1178 - 1184
Masako Murai et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1791
Interleukin 10-deficient mice develop spontaneous colitis. Kronenberg
and colleagues find that interleukin 10 released by myeloid cells in
the intestine is needed to maintain expression of the transcription
factor Foxp3 in regulatory T cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Interactions between PD-1 and PD-L1 promote tolerance by blocking the
TCR-induced stop signal pp1185 - 1192
Brian T Fife et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1790
The inhibitory protein PD-1 is expressed on activated T cells. Fife
and colleagues find that interactions between PD-1 and its ligand
PD-1L are needed to maintain tolerance and prevent interactions
between tolerized T cells and dendritic cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemokine CXCL13 is essential for lymph node initiation and is
induced by retinoic acid and neuronal stimulation pp1193 - 1199
Serge A van de Pavert et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1789
Embryonic lymph node formation requires lymphoid tissue-inducer
cells. Mebius and colleagues show that neurons adjacent to lymph
anlagen synthesize retinoic acid, which triggers expression of the
chemokine CXCL13 needed for the initial attraction of lymphoid
tissue-inducer cells.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=1&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Toll-like receptor 2 on inflammatory monocytes induces type I
interferon in response to viral but not bacterial ligands
pp1200 - 1207
Roman Barbalat, Laura Lau, Richard M Locksley and Gregory M Barton
doi:10.1038/ni.1792
Bacterial ligands cannot induce Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-dependent
production of type I interferon. Barton and colleagues find that,
in contrast, viral ligands trigger TLR2-dependent interferon
production by a subset of inflammatory monocytes.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
CARD9 facilitates microbe-elicited production of reactive oxygen
species by regulating the LyGDI-Rac1 complex pp1208 - 1214
Weihui Wu et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1788
The precise mechanisms by which the adaptor CARD9 facilitates
resistance to bacterial infection remain unclear. Lin and colleagues
document a role for CARD9 in the production of microbicidal reactive
oxygen species.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The TBK1 adaptor and autophagy receptor NDP52 restricts the
proliferation of ubiquitin-coated bacteria pp1215 - 1221
Teresa L M Thurston et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1800
Polyubiquitin moieties often accumulate on bacteria that colonize
the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. Randow and co-workers find that
the protein NDP52 recognizes these ubiquitin moieties, and is
needed for the control and autophagy of cytoplasmic bacteria.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34297963&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NTk2ODE0NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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