October 2009 Volume 5 Number 10
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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
ISN Nexus Symposium: The Kidney and the Vascular System:
Emerging Culprits in Pathogenesis and Advances in Therapy.
April 15-18, 2010; Kyoto (Japan)
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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Bridging the gap between East and West.
American Journal of Hypertension now publishes a sampling of abstracts
in each issue from the Chinese Journal of Hypertension entitled CJH
Abstracts. Read the latest online now at
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Editorial: The renal complications of HIV
Susan J. Allison
p545 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.152
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Chronic kidney disease: Hemodialysis and transplantation do not preclude
influenza vaccination
p547 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.120
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Biomarkers: Rapid urine test for kidney disease
p548 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.121
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IN BRIEF
Polycystic kidney disease | Genetics | Dialysis | Biomarkers
p548 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.136
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Chronic kidney disease: Association of FGF23 with left ventricular hypertrophy
p549 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.132
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Transplantation: Dialysis does not increase mortality in patients with
ESRD and heart attack
p549 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.133
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Chronic kidney disease: Parathyroid hormone measurements not useful for
the assessment of bone turnover
p550 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.134
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Transplantation: Low pregnancy rates in kidney transplant recipients
p550 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.135
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Dialysis: Vascular access: not enough light at the end of the tunnel?
Raymond Vanholder, Francis Verbeke and Wim Van Biesen
p551 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.144
Graft stenosis, which can lead to thrombosis, is a major problem in
hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous grafts. Does anti-aggregation
with dipyridamole and aspirin help to prolong the primary patency of
vascular access grafts?
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=13&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biopsy: Observation time after kidney biopsy: when to discharge?
Christina M. Yuan, Rahul M. Jindal and Kevin C. Abbott
p552 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.147
How long should we monitor patients for evidence of significant bleeding
after percutaneous native kidney biopsy? Both cost and safety must be
rigorously considered before recommending a new standard of care.
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Transplantation: Kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant for the uremic
diabetic?
David E. R. Sutherland, Angelika C. Gruessner and David M. Radosevich
p554 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.149
Uremic diabetics have better survival rates with a kidney transplant than
on dialysis. Adding a pancreas graft induces insulin independence and if
the graft survives for >1 year, risk-adjusted registry analyses show
improved patient and graft survival. Overall, however, as survival is
similar for kidney-pancreas and kidney transplants alone from deceased
pancreas donors, many questions remain.
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Trombotic microangiopathy: Can liver-kidney transplantation cure aHUS?
Hae Il Cheong
p556 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.148
Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome often progresses to end-stage renal
disease and recurs after kidney transplantation, even with empiric plasma
therapy. Guidelines on the treatment of this devastating disease have now
been published, following a consensus conference in Bergamo, Italy.
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Glomerular disease: The Oxford classification-predicting progression
of IgAN
Frank Eitner and Jurgen Floege
p557 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.150
The new Oxford classification of IgA nephropathy has been developed as
a pathological classification system to reliably predict the risk of
disease progression. Future studies need to demonstrate the value of
this classification in directing individualized therapeutic decisions
for patients with IgA nephropathy.
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Sepsis: Clearing the blood in sepsis
Jean-Louis Vincent
p559 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.146
The recent EUPHAS trial was stopped early because of reduced mortality
in patients with sepsis treated with polymyxin B hemoperfusion. So should
we rush to offer this technique to all patients with sepsis? Not quite
so fast.
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Diagnosis: Should renal biopsies be performed in the very elderly?
J. Ashley Jefferson and Charles E. Alpers
p561 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.145
As the population ages, more elderly people are developing kidney disease.
Nephrologists are often reluctant to perform renal biopsy in elderly
patients, but in many cases, the diagnostic benefits of this procedure
outweigh the risks.
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Focus on: HIV and the kidney
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REVIEWS
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The nephrotoxic effects of HAART
Hassane Izzedine, Marianne Harris and Mark A. Perazella
p563 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.142
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has a variety of adverse renal
effects. Patients receiving HAART can develop acute kidney injury, which
can progress to chronic kidney disease. HAART also contributes indirectly
to kidney disease by increasing the risk of diabetes and hypertension.
This Review describes the epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis of
HAART-related kidney damage, with an emphasis on the preventive management
of risk factors such as intravascular volume depletion and pharmacological
interactions.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Controversies in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal diseases
Leslie A. Bruggeman and Peter J. Nelson
p574 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.139
The two most common forms of HIV-related renal disease are HIV-associated
nephropathy and a collection of immunoglobulin-related glomerulonephritides
known as HIV immune complex kidney diseases. In this Review, Bruggeman
and Nelson discuss the pathogenesis of these two diseases focusing on
topics that remain points of controversy, such as mechanisms of infection
within the kidney, modeling of disease in rodents, the contribution of
host immune responses, and the source of the proliferating glomerular
epithelial cell.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Renal transplantation in patients with HIV
Lynda A. Frassetto, Clara Tan-Tam and Peter G. Stock
p582 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.140
The presence of HIV has historically been viewed as a contraindication
to transplantation because of the risks associated with immunosuppression
in patients who are already immunocompromised, the lack of long-term
outcomes data to justify the use of a limited supply of donor organs, and
the possibility of viral transmission to surgical staff. Frassetto and
colleagues examine the issues surrounding kidney transplantation in patients
with HIV and describe a range of strategies that optimize outcomes in
these individuals.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
HIV and kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa
June Fabian and Saraladevi Naicker
p591 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.141
Studies in Africa have reported differing prevalence rates of renal disease
in HIV; however, extrapolation of US statistics suggests that between 770,000
and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa could have HIV-associated
nephropathy. This Review provides a global overview of HIV-related kidney
disease to set the scene for a detailed analysis of this issue in Africa.
The authors proffer advice on how to prevent or slow progression of renal
disease and outline options for renal replacement therapy.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Lupus activation with cerebritis following pegylated interferon in a
hemodialysis patient
Sanjay Kumar Agarwal, Charanjeet Lal and Sabahat Husain Zaidi
p599 | doi:10.1038/nrneph.2009.137
Interferon, which is widely used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus
infection, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and perpetuation
of certain autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus.
In this Case Study, Agarwal and colleagues present the case of a patient
on hemodialysis who experienced systemic lupus erythematosus exacerbation
with cerebritis following treatment of her hepatitis C virus infection
with pegylated interferon monotherapy.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=34085806&r=MTc2NDE4ODIzOQS2&b=2&j=NTg2NzAwNjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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