September 2009 Volume 11 Number 9, pp 1045 - 1163
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Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Focus on Endocytosis
September 2009
Endocytic membrane trafficking involves the cellular internalization
and sorting of extracellular molecules, plasma membrane proteins and
lipids. Endocytosis is required for a vast number of functions,
including nutrient uptake, cell adhesion and migration, receptor
signalling, pathogen entry and cell polarity.
This special Focus reflects the diversity and complexity of endocytic
trafficking processes and their associated machineries. Access the
Focus articles, as well other relevant content from Nature Publishing Group
titles, online at: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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EDITORIAL
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Accurately reporting research p1045
The cell biology literature contains manipulated data that distort
findings, usually in an attempt to 'beautify' and, rarely, to commit
fraud. A new National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report considers data
integrity, as well as accessibility and archiving. However, the
scientific record can also be distorted through miscitation.
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1045
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----------------------
TURNING POINTS
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Ambition, surprise and delight: necessary lessons p1046
Henry R. Bourne
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1046
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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SAD kinase keeps centrosomes lonely pp1047 - 1048
Centrosome duplication is under strict control such that it occurs
only once per cell cycle. New insights into the molecular mechanisms
that control centrosome number come from the discovery of a role for
SADB kinase in centrosome biogenesis.
Daici Chen and Jackie Vogel
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1047
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RISC hitches onto endosome trafficking pp1049 - 1051
The RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) downregulates expression of
the genes targeted by RNA-silencing pathways. But formation and turnover
of the RISC complex itself is tightly regulated and requires endosomal membranes.
Haruhiko Siomi and Mikiko C Siomi
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1049
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Steroid hormone pulsing drives cyclic gene expression pp1051 - 1053
Transcriptional cycling of activated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and
ultradian glucocorticoid secretion are well established processes.
Ultradian hormone release is now shown to result in pulsatile gene
transcription through dynamic exchange of GR with the target-gene
promoter and GR cycling through the chaperone machinery.
Beatrice Desvergne and Christophe Heligon
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1051
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Aurora A moonlights in neurite extension pp1053 - 1054
Aurora A, an integral mitotic kinase, is essential for microtubule
dynamics of post-mitotic neurons. PKCzeta activates Aurora A, which
in turn phosphorylates NDEL1 to promote neurite extension. This raises
the possibility that Aurora A may also be involved in establishing
cell polarity and axon/dendrite elaboration in young neurons.
Gloria Kuo Lefkowitz and Joseph G. Gleeson
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1053
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research highlights p1055
Silvia Grisendi, Nathalie Le Bot, Alison Schuldt and Sowmya Swaminathan
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1055
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ARTICLES
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An essential role of the aPKC-Aurora A-NDEL1 pathway in neurite elongation
by modulation of microtubule dynamics pp1057 - 1068
Neurite extension requires regulation of microtubule dynamics.
aPKC phosphorylates and activates Aurora A, leading to its accumulation
at the neurite hillock where Aurora A phosphorylates NDEL1 to induce
microtubule extension into neurites.
Daisuke Mori et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1919
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Golgi-derived CLASP-dependent microtubules control Golgi organization
and polarized trafficking in motile cells pp1069 - 1080
Radial centrosomal microtubules have a role in Golgi positioning.
Golgi-derived microtubules organized by CLASP are now shown to be
required for the unique ribbon-like morphology of the Golgi by bringing
together individual Golgi stacks. Disrupting Golgi-derived microtubules
leads to defects in polarized secretion and directional cell-migration.
Paul M. Miller et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1920
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
SADB phosphorylation of gamma-tubulin regulates centrosome duplication
pp1081 - 1092
The SADB kinase is shown to control centrosome duplication by localizing
to centrosomes and phosphorylating the centrosomal component g-tubulin
on Ser 131. Overexpression of SADB or of a phosphomimetic gamma-tubulin
mutant results in centrosome amplification.
Maria Alvarado-Kristensson et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1921
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Ultradian hormone stimulation induces glucocorticoid receptor-mediated
pulses of gene transcription pp1093 - 1102
Corticosteroid release in animals is highly pulsatile. Expression of
glucocorticoid receptor-regulated genes is induced in a pulse-like
manner and is coupled to hormone release in cultured cells and in vivo.
Gene pulsing involves rapid receptor exchange on the promoter and cycling
through the chaperone machinery.
Diana A. Stavreva et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1922
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=61&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Fused sister kinetochores initiate the reductional division in meiosis I
pp1103 - 1108
Meiosis I differs from meiosis II and mitosis in that sister kinetochores
need to be co-oriented to segregate to the same pole. Mis12, a conserved
component of the kinetochore core, is required to link kinetochores
together during reductional division.
Xuexian Li and R. Kelly Dawe
doi:10.1038/ncb1923
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
A Dam1-based artificial kinetochore is sufficient to promote chromosome
segregation in budding yeast pp1109 - 1115
Dam1 is a component of the microtubule-binding DASH complex. Artificial
recruitment of Dam1 to yeast mini-chromosomes can compete with endogenous
kinetochores for microtubule binding and rescue chromosome segregation
in the absence of centromeres.
Eva Kiermaier et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1924
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Recruiting a microtubule-binding complex to DNA directs chromosome
segregation in budding yeast pp1116 - 1120
Ask1 is a component of the microtubule-binding DASH kinetochore complex.
Targeting Ask1 to a yeast plasmid lacking centromeres promotes the
recruitment of other kinetochore components and rescues bi-orientation
and chromosome segregation.
Soni Lacefield, Derek T. C. Lau and Andrew W. Murray
doi:10.1038/ncb1925
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Organizer restriction through modulation of Bozozok stability by the
E3 ubiquitin ligase Lnx-like pp1121 - 1127
Ubiquitin-mediated degradation influences embryonic axis formation by
regulating the stability of ventrally expressed transcription factors,
although it is unclear whether dorsal factors are similarly modulated.
In Zebrafish, the E3 ubiquitin ligase Lnx-l acts on the dorsal
transcriptional repressor Boz to control dorso-ventral axis formation.
Hyunju Ro and Igor B. Dawid
doi:10.1038/ncb1926
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Axin determines cell fate by controlling the p53 activation threshold
after DNA damage pp1128 - 1134
The tumour suppressor p53 induces either apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest
upon genotoxic stress. A regulatory network based on a complex of p53,
the signalling protein axin, the p53 kinase HIPK2, the DNA repair-associated
acetyltransferase Tip60 and Pirh2 governs the cellular response to
p53 activation.
Qinxi Li et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1927
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
p53 isoforms Delta133p53 and p53beta are endogenous regulators of
replicative cellular senescence pp1135 - 1142
p53-mediated replicative cellular senescence is a barrier to tumorigenesis.
The p53 isoforms p53beta and Delta133p53 are respectively induced and
downregulated during replicative senescence. Elevated p53beta and reduced
Delta133p53 levels are observed in colon adenomas with senescent
phenotypes, whereas the opposite is found in colon carcinomas that might
have escaped from the senescence barrier.
Kaori Fujita et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1928
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Multivesicular bodies associate with components of miRNA effector
complexes and modulate miRNA activity pp1143 - 1149
The ESCRT complex mediates sorting of ubiquitylated endosome-associated
proteins into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The RNA-induced silencing
complex (RISC) components GW182 and AGO2 localize to membrane structures
that congregate with MVBs. Loss of ESCRT function compromises
miRNA-mediated silencing and increases GW182 levels, suggesting that
ESCRT regulates RNAi by acting on GW182 turnover.
Derrick J. Gibbings, Constance Ciaudo, Mathieu Erhardt and Olivier Voinnet
doi:10.1038/ncb1929
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Silencing by small RNAs is linked to endosomal trafficking pp1150 - 1156
The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 4 protein (HPS4) mediates trafficking
between late endosomes and lysosomes and is now shown to inhibit small
RNA-mediated silencing (RNAi) in flies and human cells. Components of
the ESCRT complex, which mediates late endosome trafficking, are required
for efficient miRNA-mediated silencing and additional results support
the idea that RNAi effectors are functionally linked to endosome-associated
compartments.
Young Sik Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1930
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Zcchc11-dependent uridylation of microRNA directs cytokine expression
pp1157 - 1163
The RNA-binding protein Zcchc11 regulates cytokine expression in response
to inflammation, although it was unclear how. Zcchc11 is shown to be an
uridyltransferase that acts on mature cytokine-targeting miR-26b to
influence interleukin-6 expression.
Matthew R. Jones et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1931
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=33968307&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NTc0NDMzOTES1&mt=1&rt=0
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ERRATUM
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Identification of chromosome sequence motifs that mediate meiotic
pairing and synapsis in C. elegans p1163
Carolyn M. Phillips et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb0909-1163
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