3 September 2009 Volume 461 Number 7260, pp11 - 134
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Genetics: Preventing diseases by replacing defective DNA
A new approach has been devised to replace defective mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) from an egg with healthy mtDNA from a donor, as
reported online in Nature. These findings may lead to new
preventative therapeutic options for the numerous diseases transmitted
through mtDNA.
Read the news story free online.
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EDITORIALS
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Dangerous nuclear whispers p11
Voices within the Obama administration threaten to undermine
non-proliferation efforts. They should be ignored.
doi:10.1038/461011a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cash costs pp11-12
Massive funding for Pakistan's ailing universities holds many
lessons for other developing nations.
doi:10.1038/461011b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
US visa nightmares p12
Barriers faced by foreign scientists seeking entry to the
United States do more harm than good.
doi:10.1038/461012a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Microscopy: Seeing the honeycomb p14
doi:10.1038/461014a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Exoplanets: Explaining the eccentricities p14
doi:10.1038/461014b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: A colourful past p14
doi:10.1038/461014c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Killer fat p14
doi:10.1038/461014d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pain: Deep, deep in your head p14
doi:10.1038/461014e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Bacterial factories pp14-15
doi:10.1038/461014f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Cilia's dual role p15
doi:10.1038/461015a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetics: Y-rated p15
doi:10.1038/461015b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Resistance is futile p15
doi:10.1038/461015c
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Food chemistry: Bee-devilled by corn syrup p15
doi:10.1038/461015d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p15
Richard Bennett
doi:10.1038/461015e
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NEWS
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News briefing: 3 September 2009 pp16-17
The week in science.
doi:10.1038/461016a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate-control plans scrutinized p19
The Royal Society reviews options for fighting global warming with
geoengineering.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/461019a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pandemic flu: from the front lines pp20-21
As the novel H1N1 pandemic flu virus infects people worldwide,
researchers in some of the affected countries describe in their
own words the scientific and public-health challenges they face.
doi:10.1038/461020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Keeping genes out of terrorists' hands p22
Gene-synthesis industry at odds over how to screen DNA orders.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/461022a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem-cell projects falter p23
Ailing economy leaves California struggling to build research labs.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/461023a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cost of climate change underestimated p24
Framework convention figure overlooks key expenses.
Anjali Nayar
doi:10.1038/461024a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
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PARTY OF ONE
Budget instructions p25
US science agencies may need to prove they are solving national
problems.
David Goldston explains.
doi:10.1038/461025a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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GM crops: Battlefield pp27-32
Papers suggesting that biotech crops might harm the environment
attract a hail of abuse from other scientists. Emily Waltz asks
if the critics fight fair.
Emily Waltz
doi:10.1038/461027a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Arctic ecology: Tundra's burning pp34-36
Lightning and fires on the Arctic tundra seem to be on the rise.
Jane Qiu meets the researchers learning from the scorched earth
in Alaska.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/461034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Conservation: a small price for long-term economic well-being p37
Boris M. Hillmann and Jan Barkmann
doi:10.1038/461037a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Conservation: the world's religions can help p37
Shonil Bhagwat and Martin Palmer
doi:10.1038/461037b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Defining numbers in terms of their divisors p37
D. Speijer
doi:10.1038/461037c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINION
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Pakistan's reform experiment pp38-39
In 2002, Pakistan began an ambitious overhaul of its higher-education
system. The successes and failures of the experience hold lessons for
other countries, say Athar Osama and co-authors.
Athar Osama et al.
doi:10.1038/461038a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Like minds can be small minds pp40-41
An adviser to US President Barack Obama argues that people's tendency
to seek out those with similar views can entrench extreme opinions.
But many other forces can fuel outlandish beliefs, says Herbert Gintis.
Herbert Gintis reviews Going to Extremes: How Like Minds Unite and
Divide by Cass R. Sunstein
doi:10.1038/461040a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Society need not be selfish p41
Michael Tomasello reviews The Age of Empathy: Nature's Lessons for a
Kinder Society by Frans de Waal
doi:10.1038/461041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pop artist displays primitive instincts p42
A retrospective of Todd Schorr's huge oil-painted comic-book visions
features his garish image of a hunter-gatherer. Is it a deliberate
allegory of consumer culture, asks Martin Kemp?
Martin Kemp reviews Todd Schorr: American Surreal
doi:10.1038/461042a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Astrophysics: Hidden chaos in cosmic order pp43-44
"Galaxies, like elephants, have long memories," says an influential
article from the 1980s. Tapping into these memories has revealed
some surprising facts about the history of our neighbouring
Andromeda galaxy.
Nickolay Y. Gnedin
doi:10.1038/461043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: The fat and the furious pp44-45
Evidence linking metabolic alterations to cancer progression is
accumulating. It seems that cancer cells must sustain their energy
production and remain well fed to survive detachment from their
normal habitat.
Eyal Gottlieb
doi:10.1038/461044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Pulsating vesicles pp45-47
During her travels through Wonderland, Alice finds several ways of
growing and shrinking in size. A polymeric vesicle plays the same
trick in response to pH, in a process that might one day be useful
for drug delivery.
Jan C. M. van Hest
doi:10.1038/461045a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: A channel with a twist pp47-49
Mechanosensitive channels release tension in cell membranes by
opening 'pressure relief' pores. The structure of a partially open
channel suggests a gating mechanism and delivers an unexpected
architectural twist.
Valeria Vasquez and Eduardo Perozo
doi:10.1038/461047a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p48
doi:10.1038/461048a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nitrogen cycle: Oceans apart pp49-50
Reactive nitrogen is lost from the oceans as dinitrogen -- N2 --
produced by microbial metabolism. The latest twist in an ongoing
story is that different pathways dominate in two of the oceanic
regions concerned.
Maren Voss and Joseph P. Montoya
doi:10.1038/461049a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=22&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Persistent feedback pp50-51
How does the brain remember the consequences of our actions?
Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia
may be crucial for learning correct actions through experience.
Hyojung Seo and Daeyeol Lee
doi:10.1038/461050a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p51
doi:10.1038/461051a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
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Early-warning signals for critical transitions pp53-59
Marten Scheffer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08227
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=17&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
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Scaling of BMP gradients in Xenopus embryos pE1
Paul Francois, Alin Vonica, Ali H. Brivanlou and Eric D. Siggia
doi:10.1038/nature08305
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reply to Francois et al. pE2
Danny Ben-Zvi, Ben-Zion Shilo, Abraham Fainsod and Naama Barkai
doi:10.1038/nature08306
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLE
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Structures of the tRNA export factor in the nuclear and cytosolic
states p60
After transcription and processing, transfer RNAs must be exported
from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. This
process is mediated by a dedicated nucleo-cytoplasmic transport
factor called Xpot. Here, the structure of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Xpot is reported, unbound and in complex with both tRNA and another
factor required for transport, RanGTP.
Atlanta G. Cook et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08394
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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*NEW LOOK* RIKEN RESEARCH COMING SOON!
Silent strike from thunderclouds:
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A tight fit helps energy transmit:
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LETTERS
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The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region
around M31 pp66-69
In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the
continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these
systems is expected to result in loosely bound and distant stars
surrounding the galaxy. A panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31)
now reveals stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly
remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31.
Alan W. McConnachie et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08327
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Laser cooling by collisional redistribution of radiation pp70-73
Collisional redistribution of radiation has been proposed as a cooling
mechanism for atomic two-level systems. Here, a proof-of-principle
demonstration is reported in which a relative cooling of 66 K is
achieved in an ultradense vapour of rubidium atoms and argon buffer
gas. This technique may facilitate fundamental studies of supercooling
and have applications in optical refrigeration.
Ulrich Vogl and Martin Weitz
doi:10.1038/nature08203
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
From molecular to macroscopic via the rational design of a
self-assembled 3D DNA crystal pp74-77
Although we live in a macroscopic three-dimensional (3D) world, our
best description of the structure of matter is at the atomic and
molecular scale. Reconciling these two scales with atomic precision
requires high spatial control of the 3D structure of matter, with
the simplest practical route to achieving this being to form a
crystalline arrangement by self-assembly. Here, the crystal structure
of a designed, self-assembled 3D crystal based on the DNA tensegrity
triangle is reported.
Jianping Zheng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08274
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Denitrification as the dominant nitrogen loss process in the Arabian
Sea pp78-81
Fixed nitrogen availability limits primary production in over half of
the world's oceans. Oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are responsible
for about 35% of oceanic dinitrogen gas (N2) production and up to half
of that occurs in the Arabian Sea. It has recently been argued that
anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) alone is responsible for fixed
nitrogen loss in the OMZs; however, here it is shown that denitrification
rather than anammox dominates the N2 loss term in the Arabian Sea.
B. B. Ward et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08276
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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The oldest hand-axes in Europe pp82-85
A key development in the history of technology was the transition to
hand-axes and bifacial chopping tools during the Early Pleistocene
(about 1.5 million years ago) in Africa. Puzzlingly, the earliest
records in Europe of hand-axes lag behind this date by a million years,
at around 0.5 million years ago. Here, palaeomagnetic analysis of two
sites in southeastern Spain where hand-axes have been found yields
revised dates of up to 0.9 million years ago, significantly closing the
time gap.
Gary R. Scott and Luis Gibert
doi:10.1038/nature08214
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
iPS cells produce viable mice through tetraploid complementation
pp86-94
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were first created by forced
expression of four transcription factors in mouse fibroblasts, a
technique that has since been widely used to generate embryonic stem
(ES)-cell-like pluripotent cells from a variety of cell types in
other species. The generation of several iPS cell lines in mice that
are capable of generating viable, fertile live-born progeny by
tetraploid complementation -- a technique where chimaeric mice are
generated using injected pluripotent cells -- is now reported.
Xiao-yang Zhao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08267
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Adult mice generated from induced pluripotent stem cells pp91-97
Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem
(iPS) cells through the transient overexpression of a small number of
transcription factors. These iPS cells resemble embryonic stem (ES)
cells but, until now, they had not passed the most stringent test of
pluripotency by generating full-term or adult mice in tetraploid
complementation assays. Here, fertile adult mice derived entirely from
iPS cells are reported.
Michael J. Boland et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08310
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=262&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reptilian heart development and the molecular basis of cardiac chamber
evolution pp95-98
The hearts of birds, mammals and crocodiles have two ventricles serving
separate pulmonary and systemic circulations, whereas the hearts of
amphibians have only one ventricle. In most reptiles, however, the
situation is unclear, which is of interest in the context of the
evolution of cardiac septation. Here, gene expression in the developing
ventricles of two reptiles is analysed; the results suggest a role for
the T-box transcription factor Tbx5.
Kazuko Koshiba-Takeuchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08324
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coordination of Rho GTPase activities during cell protrusion pp99-103
The Rho GTPase family is involved in the control of cytoskeleton
dynamics, but the spatiotemporal coordination of each element
(Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42) remains unknown. Here, GTPase coordination in
mouse embryonic fibroblasts is examined both through simultaneous
visualization of two GTPase biosensors and using a computational
approach.
Matthias Machacek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08242
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=88&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
A genetically encoded photoactivatable Rac controls the motility of
living cells pp104-108
The precise spatiotemporal dynamics of protein activity remain poorly
understood, yet they can be critical in determining cell behaviour. A
genetically encoded, photoactivatable version of the protein Rac1, a
key GTPase regulating actin cytoskeletal dynamics, has now been
produced; this approach enables the manipulation of the activity of
Rac1 at precise times and places within a living cell, thus controlling
motility.
Yi I. Wu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08241
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Antioxidant and oncogene rescue of metabolic defects caused by loss
of matrix attachment pp109-113
Normal mammary epithelial cells require attachment to the extracellular
matrix (ECM) for survival, but in breast cancers tumour cells acquire
the ability to survive outside their natural ECM niches. Here it is
found that cell detachment induces metabolic defects which can be
rescued by both the expression of the oncogene ERBB2 and -- unexpectedly --
by antioxidants, which, in this context, help promote cancer cell survival
and proliferation.
Zachary T. Schafer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08268
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct activation of protein kinases by unanchored polyubiquitin
chains pp114-119
The ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 is essential for the activation of
NF-[kappa]B and MAP kinases in several signalling pathways important
for a range of cellular processes including immune function. TRAF6
functions together with a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme complex to
activate the TAK1 kinase complex downstream, which in turn leads to
the activation of NF-[kappa]B. Here, by reconstituting TAK1 activation
in vitro, free Lys 63 polyubiquitin chains are shown to activate TAK1
directly.
Zong-Ping Xia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08247
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of a tetrameric MscL in an expanded intermediate state
pp120-124
Mechanosensitive channels protect bacteria from osmotic shock by
allowing ions to flow across the membrane in response to changes
in membrane tension. MscL is one such channel with a large conductance.
Although understanding of its closed and open states has been
increasing, little is known about the structures of the important
intermediate states. Here, the 3.8 A crystal structure of MscL in what
is probably a non-conductive, partially expanded intermediate state,
is presented.
Zhenfeng Liu, Chris S. Gandhi and Douglas C. Rees
doi:10.1038/nature08277
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct observation of the binding state of the kinesin head to the
microtubule pp125-128
Kinesin is a dimeric motor protein which is known to move along
microtubule filaments by using its twin motor domains (heads) to carry
out an asymmetric, 'hand-over-hand' walk. However, the extent of
individual head interactions with the microtubule has remained
controversial. Here, a single-molecule assay is developed that can
directly report head binding and unbinding during kinesin movement.
Nicholas R. Guydosh and Steven M. Block
doi:10.1038/nature08259
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
Waiting game p131
Visa problems continue to frustrate scientists seeking entry to the
United States. Karen Kaplan investigates the roadblocks.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7260-131a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Fine-tuning the Universe p134
Touched by the hand of God.
Merrie Haskell
doi:10.1038/461134a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
02 September 2009
Response and resistance to MEK inhibition in leukaemias initiated
by hyperactive Ras
Jennifer O. Lauchle et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08279
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reactive oxygen species prime Drosophila haematopoietic progenitors
for differentiation
Edward Owusu-Ansah and Utpal Banerjee
doi:10.1038/nature08313
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
A dimerization-dependent mechanism drives RAF catalytic activation
Thanashan Rajakulendran et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08314
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal
genomic imprints
David N. Ciccone et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08315
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
30 August 2009
Structure of the BK potassium channel in a lipid membrane from electron
cryomicroscopy
Liguo Wang and Fred J. Sigworth
doi:10.1038/nature08291
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
ErbB2 resembles an autoinhibited invertebrate epidermal growth factor
receptor
Diego Alvarado, Daryl E. Klein and Mark A. Lemmon
doi:10.1038/nature08297
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Plasmon lasers at deep subwavelength scale
Rupert F. Oulton et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08364
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=33978963&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc0OTg1MTgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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