17 September 2009 Volume 461 Number 7262, pp 315 - 438
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EDITORIALS
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Trust, but verify p315
Collaborations between researchers and industry are essential
to biomedical progress.
But relations have to be completely open.
doi:10.1038/461315a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Taking the NICE path pp315-316
The United States can learn from the UK body that rates the
effectiveness of medical procedures.
doi:10.1038/461315b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
SETI at 50 p316
Despite the long odds against success, the search for
extraterrestrial intelligence has come a long way.
doi:10.1038/461316a
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Cancer biology: Now you see it p318
doi:10.1038/461318a
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Technology: Lightning-fast memory p318
doi:10.1038/461318b
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Genetics: Yeast joins the club at last p318
doi:10.1038/461318c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Aluminium arches p318
doi:10.1038/461318d
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Acoustic science: A sonic one-way street p318
doi:10.1038/461318e
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Atmospheric science: Alien sprites pp318-319
doi:10.1038/461318f
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Biology: Turning tail p319
doi:10.1038/461319a
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Microbiology: Sussing Shewanella p319
doi:10.1038/461319b
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Materials science: Hard-headed theories p319
doi:10.1038/461319c
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Neurobiology: Teamwork rewarded p319
doi:10.1038/461319d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p319
Rusty Feagin
doi:10.1038/461319e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing: 17 Septmeber 2009 pp320-321
doi:10.1038/461320a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Vaccine venture boosts health hopes p323
Industry and academia join forces to develop cheap jabs against
diseases that afflict the poorest.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/461323a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ear to the Universe starts listening p324
US radio array starts its search for extraterrestrial life.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/461324a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ghosts still present in the medical machine p325
Unattributed authors remain an issue for journals.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/461325a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: Choon Fong Shih p326
On 23 September, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia will open the
new King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), an
endeavour to build an internationally competitive university
from scratch. Officials say they have recruited some
70 professors, mainly in chemistry, physics, mathematics
and engineering; fewer than 10% of them, however, are women.
KAUST has furnished laboratories with cutting-edge equipment,
including a 222-teraflop Shaheen supercomputer from IBM. But
questions remain over whether KAUST can become a true player on the
international stage and whether academic freedom can flourish there.
Nature spoke to Choon Fong Shih, its first president.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/461326a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
RIKEN scientist arrested p327
Japanese researcher allegedly misused institutional funds.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/461327a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Wonder weed plans fail to flourish pp328-329
The first of four weekly articles on biofuels looks at how
investment in jatropha is slowing, as investors realize that basic
research is needed.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/461328a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Money in biomedicine: The senator's sleuth pp330-334
Paul Thacker, a reporter-turned-Congressional-investigator,
has disrupted the careers of several top researchers with lucrative
industry ties. Meredith Wadman tracks his effect on US science.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/461330a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Health economics: Life in the balance pp336-339
How do researchers and policy-makers decide on the value of health?
Daniel Cressey looks at Britain's National Institute for Health
and Clinical Excellence.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/461336a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Non-lethal weapons and the civilian death toll in war time p340
Michael L. Gross
doi:10.1038/461340a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Don't overlook the rigorously reviewed novel work in patents p340
Donald F. Weaver and Christopher Barden
doi:10.1038/461340b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Keeping track of the Earth's carbon-cycle components p340
Jose Achache
doi:10.1038/461340c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Were crocodiles responsible for the stones we call tools? p341
Patrick Dempsey
doi:10.1038/461341a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ethical concerns over use of new cloning technique in humans p341
Hans-Werner Denker
doi:10.1038/461341b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The need for a fresh symbol to designate copernicium p341
Juris Meija
doi:10.1038/461341c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINION
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Plan B for Copenhagen pp342-344
In 11 days the curtain will rise in Bangkok for the penultimate round
of negotiations before the climate change conference in Copenhagen.
David Victor warns of the dangers of a rushed, stapled-together deal.
David Victor
doi:10.1038/461342a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
An alien concept pp345-346
Fifty years ago this week, a Nature paper legitimized the idea that
there could be civilizations elsewhere, able to communicate and
wanting to contact us. Fred Kaplan reflects on its origins, impacts
and legacy.
Fred Kaplan
doi:10.1038/461345a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ocean fertilization: time to move on pp347-348
Adding iron to the ocean is not an effective way to fight climate
change, and we don't need further research to establish that,
say Aaron Strong, Sallie Chisholm, Charles Miller and John Cullen.
Aaron Strong, Sallie Chisholm, Charles Miller and John Cullen
doi:10.1038/461347a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
On the origin of technology p349
An overdue theory of how machines and tools evolve downplays human
creativity, argues Jon Agar.
Jon Agar reviews The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It
Evolves by W. Brian Arthur
doi:10.1038/461349a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sound for the masses pp350-351
Peter Border reviews Perfecting Sound Forever: An Aural History of
Recorded Music by Greg Milner
doi:10.1038/461350a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: The inventor with an ear for the past p351
Engineer Duncan Miller has spent decades reviving the lost art of
acoustic recording to wax cylinders, a technique pioneered by
Thomas Edison. Nature finds out how his Vulcan Cylinder Record
Company, based in Sheffield, UK, has combined sleuthing and modern
chemistry to craft a new repertoire for the hand-cranked phonograph.
Jascha Hoffman
doi:10.1038/461351a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Atmospheric chemistry: Thwarting the seeds of clouds pp353-354
Atmospheric oxidation of hydrocarbons emitted from plants leads to
the formation of aerosol particles that affect cloud properties.
Contrary to what was thought, this process might add to global
warming.
Paul J. Ziemann
doi:10.1038/461353a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental biology: Asexual healing pp354-355
The development of healthy monkeys from embryos in which the egg
contains nuclear DNA from one donor and mitochondrial DNA from
another suggests a method to prevent inheritance of certain human
diseases.
Eric A. Shoubridge
doi:10.1038/461354a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p355
doi:10.1038/461355a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fluid dynamics: To merge or not to merge ... p356
... that is the dilemma addressed in a study of oppositely charged
liquid drops controlled by an electric field. Contrary to conventional
wisdom, beyond a critical charge, the drops fail to merge.
Frieder Mugele
doi:10.1038/461356a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomics: Hepatitis C virus gets personal pp357-358
Many people infected with the hepatitis C virus are not cured despite
gruelling therapy. A human genetic variant that predicts successful
treatment has been identified. So is personalized therapy now a
possibility?
Shawn P. Iadonato and Michael G. Katze
doi:10.1038/461357a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biological chemistry: Beyond radical thinking pp358-359
Radiation-induced DNA damage has been attributed to hydroxyl radicals,
which form when water absorbs high-energy photons or charged particles.
But another product of water's radiolysis might be the real culprit.
Leon Sanche
doi:10.1038/461358a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Epigenetics: Ready for the marks pp359-360
Genomic imprinting, in which genes are expressed from either the
maternal or paternal genome, involves the addition of methyl marks
to DNA. Paradoxically, demethylation of histone proteins is an
essential first step.
Robert Feil
doi:10.1038/461359a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Showering with bacteria p360
Shannon Amoils
doi:10.1038/461360a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
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VEGFR1-activity-independent metastasis formation pE4
Michelle R. Dawson, Dan G. Duda, Dai Fukumura and Rakesh K. Jain
doi:10.1038/nature08254
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Kaplan et al. reply pE5
Rosandra N. Kaplan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08261
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
The structural basis of tail-anchored membrane protein recognition
by Get3 pp361-366
Nearly 5% of membrane proteins are 'tail-anchored' to the endoplasmic
reticulum by a single carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain. These
tail-anchored proteins are targeted post-translationally by the ATPase
Get3, but the mechanism of recognition and targeting by Get3 is not
known. Here, the crystal structures of yeast Get3 in a nucleotide-free
'open' state and a nucleotide-bound 'closed' state are presented.
Agnieszka Mateja et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08319
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic
stem cells pp367-372
The mitochondrial genome is of maternal origin and mutations in
mitochondrial DNA are the cause of many human diseases. The efficient
replacement of the mitochondrial genome in mature non-human primate
oocytes is now demonstrated. This approach may offer a reproductive
option to prevent the transmission of diseases caused by mutations
in mitochondrial DNA in affected families.
Masahito Tachibana et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08368
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Misaligned spin and orbital axes cause the anomalous precession of
DI Herculis pp373-376
For most binary stars, the theoretical and observed precession rates
are in agreement, but the observed precession rate for the DI Herculis
system is a factor of four slower than the theoretical rate, a
disagreement that once was interpreted as evidence for a failure of
general relativity. Here, both stars of DI Herculis are reported to
rotate with their spin axes nearly perpendicular to the orbital axis,
an observation that leads to the reconciliation of the theoretical and
observed precession rates.
Simon Albrecht, Sabine Reffert, Ignas A. G. Snellen and Joshua N. Winn
doi:10.1038/nature08408
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-coalescence of oppositely charged drops pp377-380
Adjacent drops of fluid coalesce, and oppositely charged drops have
long been assumed to experience an attractive force that favours their
coalescence. However, here it is observed that oppositely charged
drops moving towards each other in a strong electric field do not
coalesce when the field strength exceeds a certain value but rather
'bounce' off one another. This observation calls for a re-evaluation
of our understanding of processes such as storm cloud formation and
ink-jet printing, which involve electrically induced droplet motion.
W. D. Ristenpart et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08294
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions
pp381-384
Volatile organic compounds, such as isoprene and monoterpenes, are
emitted by terrestrial vegetation and have been suggested to be involved
in organic aerosol formation, which in turn affects radiative forcing
and climate. Simulation experiments conducted in a plant chamber now
reveal that isoprene can significantly inhibit new particle formation;
this may explain the observed seasonality in the frequency of aerosol
nucleation events.
Astrid Kiendler-Scharr et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08292
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=254&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet pp385-388
The response of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) to changes in climate
remains uncertain. During the Holocene climatic optimum -- an
unusually warm period from about 9,000 to 6,000 years ago --
changes in Greenland appear inconsistent with the rest of the Northern
Hemisphere. Here, the Greenland Holocene temperature history and the
evolution of GIS surface elevation are extracted from four GIS
locations; the results may resolve this disparity.
B. M. Vinther et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08355
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct
marine reptiles pp389-392
Adaptive radiations often follow the evolution of key traits. The
mechanism by which a species determines the sex of its offspring has
been linked to critical ecological and life-history traits but not to
major adaptive radiations. A coevolutionary relationship is now
established in 94 amniote species between the sex-determining
mechanism and whether a species bears live young or lays eggs. This
is used to predict the evolution of genotypic sex determination before
the acquisition of live birth in three extinct marine reptiles.
Chris L. Organ, Daniel E. Janes, Andrew Meade and Mark Pagel
doi:10.1038/nature08350
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen
Phytophthora infestans pp393-398
Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like eukaryote and the most
destructive pathogen of potato, with current annual worldwide potato
crop losses due to late blight estimated at [dollar]6.7 billion.
Here, the sequence of the P. infestans genome is reported. Comparison
with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and
extensive expansion of certain secreted disease effector proteins,
probably explaining the rapid adaptability of the pathogen to
host plants.
Brian J. Haas et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08358
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced
viral clearance pp399-401
170 million people worldwide are chronically infected with
hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is the leading cause of cirrhosis in
North America. Many patients are not cured by the current recommended
treatment regime, with patients of European ancestry having a higher
probability of being cured than those of African ancestry. Here, a
genetic polymorphism near the IL28B gene is found to be associated
with a better response to treatment; it occurs with higher frequency
in European populations.
Dongliang Ge et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08309
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Modelling pathogenesis and treatment of familial dysautonomia using
patient-specific iPSCs pp402-406
The derivation and differentiation of disease-specific human induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers a new strategy for modelling
disease. Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare but fatal peripheral
neuropathy caused by a mutation in the IKBKAP gene. Here,
patient-specific FD-iPSCs are derived and differentiated into cells
of all three germ layers, including peripheral neurons; the cells are
then analysed for mechanism of disease specificity and response to
candidate drugs.
Gabsang Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08320
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Optogenetic dissection of a behavioural module in the vertebrate
spinal cord pp407-410
In vertebrates, the excitatory synaptic drive for inducing spinal
central pattern generators (CPGs) -- which are responsible for
generating rhythmic movements -- can originate from either
supraspinal glutamatergic inputs or from within the spinal cord. A
spinal input to the CPG is now identified using a combination of
intersectional gene expression and optogenetics in zebrafish larvae;
the results reveal that during early development Kolmer-Agduhr cells
provide a positive drive to the spinal CPG for spontaneous locomotion.
Claire Wyart et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08323
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Response and resistance to MEK inhibition in leukaemias initiated by
hyperactive Ras pp411-414
In human cancers with deregulated Ras signalling, including tumours
that have inactivated the Nf1 tumour suppressor, the cascade comprising
Raf, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular
signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is a therapeutic target. Here, in mice,
the effects of inhibitors of MEK in a model of myeloproliferative
disorder initiated by inactivating Nf1 and in a model of acute myeloid
leukaemia are compared.
Jennifer O. Lauchle et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08279
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal
genomic imprints pp415-418
In mammals, the parental origin-specific expression of imprinted
genes is known to be regulated by differential DNA methylation of
paternal and maternal alleles, but it is unclear how particular
imprinted loci are selected for de novo DNA methylation during
gametogenesis. Here it is shown that AOF1, or KDM1B under new
nomenclature, functions as a histone H3 lysine 4 demethylase and
is required for de novo DNA methylation of some imprinted genes
in oocytes.
David N. Ciccone et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08315
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Histone H2A.Z cooperates with RNAi and heterochromatin factors to
suppress antisense RNAs pp419-422
Unregulated transcription of noncoding and antisense RNAs is
potentially deleterious to a cell and the accumulation of these
transcripts is suppressed by several mechanisms. How cells
differentiate coding RNAs from transcripts targeted for degradation
is not clear. The variant histone H2A.Z, in cooperation with
heterochromatin and RNAi factors, is now found to mediate suppression
of antisense transcripts in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Martin Zofall et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08321
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bursts of retrotransposition reproduced in Arabidopsis pp423-426
A major portion of plant genomes is made up of retrotransposons,
which proliferate by reverse transcription of RNA intermediates.
The methylation of DNA prevents transcription, and is a means by
which retrotransposon movement is suppressed. The study of
transposon dynamics in Arabidopsis thaliana now reveals bursts of
retrotransposition when DNA methylation is disturbed.
Sayuri Tsukahara et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08351
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Selective epigenetic control of retrotransposition in Arabidopsis
pp427-430
In plants and mammals, retrotransposons are transcriptionally silenced
by DNA methylation, but activating transcription by mutating a gene
involved in DNA methylation does not activate retrotransposition.
Here it is shown that, after transcriptional reactivation, transposition
remains suppressed due to the activity of a plant-specific RNA
polymerase and a histone methyltransferase. This mechanism appears to
be specific for a particular retrotransposon known as Evade.
Marie Mirouze et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08328
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=217&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers Q&A
Rudi Balling p433
First director of the Centre for Systems Biology in Luxembourg.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7262-433a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Am I still a postdoc or not? p433
I'm learning that my career doesn't define me; I define my career.
Joanne Isaac
doi:10.1038/nj7262-433b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
How to talk to a politician p433
An aid in the quest for research funding.
doi:10.1038/nj7262-433c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
No ethics, no grant p433
Ethics training is a new must for all National Science Foundation
grant recipients.
doi:10.1038/nj7262-433d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lucrative industry links p433
Faculty members say industry research has contributed to important
work.
doi:10.1038/nj7262-433e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Back to the beginning p434
Some think Osaka can once again be a centre for the biosciences industry.
David Cyranoski calculates the odds.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/nj7262-434a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Answers from the event horizon p438
The secrets of the Universe.
Mercurio D. Rivera
doi:10.1038/461438a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
16 September 2009
Tankyrase inhibition stabilizes axin and antagonizes Wnt signalling
Shih-Min A. Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08356
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Inhibitors selective for mycobacterial versus human proteasomes
Gang Lin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08357
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Integration of neuronal clones in the radial cortical columns by EphA
and ephrin-A signalling
Masaaki Torii, Kazue Hashimoto-Torii, Pat Levitt and Pasko Rakic
doi:10.1038/nature08362
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gene therapy for red–green colour blindness in adult primates
Katherine Mancuso et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08401
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis
C virus
David L. Thomas et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08463
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
13 September 2009
Spatiotemporal control of cell signalling using a light-switchable
protein interaction
Anselm Levskaya, Orion D. Weiner, Wendell A. Lim and
Christopher A. Voigt
doi:10.1038/nature08446
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Eocene–Oligocene climate
transition
Paul N. Pearson, Gavin L. Foster and Bridget S. Wade
doi:10.1038/nature08447
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34044279&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTgwNjEyMTcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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