10 September 2009 Volume 461 Number 7261, pp 145 - 304
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EDITORIALS
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Data's shameful neglect p145
Research cannot flourish if data are not preserved and made accessible.
All concerned must act accordingly.
doi:10.1038/461145a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A step too far? pp145-146
The Obama administration must fund human space flight adequately, or
stop speaking of 'exploration'.
doi:10.1038/461145b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Overrated ratings p146
Criteria for 'green buildings' need to make energy performance a
priority — as do universities.
doi:10.1038/461146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Animal communication: Warning wings p148
doi:10.1038/461148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric chemistry: Ozone's winners and losers p148
doi:10.1038/461148b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physics: Magnetic monopoles p148
doi:10.1038/461148c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Computational biology: A new protein subdivision p148
doi:10.1038/461148d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbial evolution: Cholera gene swap pp148-149
doi:10.1038/461148e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Going for gold p149
doi:10.1038/461149a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution and development: Genes in the mirror p149
doi:10.1038/461149b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Fear net p149
doi:10.1038/461149c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetics: Why Y knots p149
doi:10.1038/461149d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=134&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p149
Elena B. Pasquale
doi:10.1038/461149e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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News briefing pp150-151
doi:10.1038/461150a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cash crisis could ground NASA rocket p153
Crewed missions to the Moon are under threat, warns an expert panel.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/461153a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
How green is your campus? pp154-155
Universities are working to bring sustainability to their campuses
and classrooms, and could serve as a model for other institutions
looking to go carbon-neutral. But there's no single way to grade
the initiatives.
Amanda Leigh Mascarelli
doi:10.1038/461154a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Export-control laws worry academics p156
US researchers hope planned reforms will reduce the risk of
prosecution.
Sharon Weinberger
doi:10.1038/461156a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ethics scrutiny needed for Chinese–European projects p157
Panel calls for joint advisory body to monitor research.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/461157a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Toxicity testing gets a makeover p158
Europe aims to make chemical-exposure studies more predictive while
using fewer animals.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/461158a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
World climate services framework agreed p159
Much work remains to provide predictions to governments.
Olive Heffernan
doi:10.1038/461159a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p159
doi:10.1038/461159b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Data sharing: Empty archives pp160-163
Most researchers agree that open access to data is the scientific
ideal, so what is stopping it happening? Bryn Nelson investigates
why many researchers choose not to share.
Bryn Nelson
doi:10.1038/461160a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution: Mouth to mouth pp164-166
Hagfish and lampreys are the only surviving fish without jaws. And
they could solve an evolutionary mystery, finds Henry Nicholls.
doi:10.1038/461164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Choking on carbon emissions from Greek academic paperwork p167
Costas Synolakis and Spyros Foteinis
doi:10.1038/461167a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution pioneers: celebrating Lamarck at 200, Darwin 215 p167
William E. Friedman
doi:10.1038/461167b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution pioneers: Lamarck's reputation saved by his zoology p167
Pietro Corsi
doi:10.1038/461167c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Religious belief and the history of science p167
Scott Goode
doi:10.1038/461167d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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OPINION
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Prepublication data sharing pp168-170
Rapid release of prepublication data has served the field of genomics
well. Attendees at a workshop in Toronto recommend extending the
practice to other biological data sets.
Toronto International Data Release Workshop Authors
doi:10.1038/461168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Post-publication sharing of data and tools pp171-173
Despite existing guidelines on access to data and bioresources, good
practice is not widespread. A meeting of mouse researchers in Rome
proposes ways to promote a culture of sharing.
Paul N. Schofield et al.
doi:10.1038/461171a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Call for a climate culture shift pp174-175
A new book describes the rapid reshaping of human priorities needed
to save the planet from global warming. Some of that change is
already under way at the community level, explains Robert Costanza.
Robert Costanza reviews Down to the Wire: Confronting Climate
Collapse by David W. Orr
doi:10.1038/461174a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The wider lessons for finance pp175-176
Ehsan Masood reviews Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the
Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism by George A. Akerlof
and Robert J. Shiller
doi:10.1038/461175a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
How Spain redrew the world p176
Neil Safier reviews Secret Science: Spanish Cosmography and the New
World by Maria M. Portuondo
doi:10.1038/461176a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Sex determination: Birds do it with a Z gene pp177-178
The gene that determines sex in birds has eluded scientists for a
decade. Now this all-important locus is revealed as a gene on the
Z chromosome known for its proclivity for determining sex in all
kinds of animals.
Jennifer A. Marshall Graves
doi:10.1038/461177a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: A gentle jackhammer pp178-179
A futuristic method of data storage depends on the 'write-read'
action of a multitude of tiny silicon tips. The concept of dynamic
superlubricity offers a way to avoid the wear that would otherwise
cripple them.
Enrico Gnecco
doi:10.1038/461178a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Early Earth: Oxygen for heavy-metal fans pp179-181
Chromium isotopes provide an eyebrow-raising history of oxygenation
of Earth's atmosphere. Not least, it seems that oxygen might have
all but disappeared half a billion years after its initial rise.
Timothy W. Lyons and Christopher T. Reinhard
doi:10.1038/461179a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p180
doi:10.1038/461180a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Sent by the scent of death pp181-182
Dying cells release 'find-me' factors that attract professional
scavenger cells to engulf and digest them. These cellular invitations
to dine can take unexpected forms.
Christopher Gregory
doi:10.1038/461181a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials chemistry: Catalysts made thinner pp182-183
Thinner can be better, at least for the industrially useful catalysts
known as zeolites. A technique that allows single layers of zeolites
to assemble from solution opens up a plethora of practical applications.
Avelino Corma
doi:10.1038/461182a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental biology: Instructions writ in blood pp183-184
It seems that growth factors may instruct blood-cell progenitors to
develop into specific mature cell types, actively determining lineage
choice. But is this reductionist view of cell fate overly simplistic?
Tariq Enver and Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
doi:10.1038/461183a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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INSIGHT
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EDITORIAL
Transcribing the genome p185
Alex Eccleston and Magdalena Skipper
doi:10.1038/461185a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
REVIEW ARTICLE
Defining mechanisms that regulate RNA polymerase II transcription in
vivo pp186-192
Nicholas J. Fuda, M. Behfar Ardehali and John T. Lis
doi:10.1038/nature08449
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=19&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The logic of chromatin architecture and remodelling at promoters
pp193-198
Bradley R. Cairns
doi:10.1038/nature08450
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genomic views of distant-acting enhancers pp199-205
Axel Visel, Edward M. Rubin and Len A. Pennacchio
doi:10.1038/nature08451
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Implications of chimaeric non-co-linear transcripts pp206-211
Thomas R. Gingeras
doi:10.1038/nature08452
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=310&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromosome crosstalk in three dimensions pp212-217
Anita Gondor and Rolf Ohlsson
doi:10.1038/nature08453
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Molecular networks as sensors and drivers of common human diseases
pp218-223
Eric E. Schadt
doi:10.1038/nature08454
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Co-translational mRNA decay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae pp225-229
The levels of messenger RNA are determined by the rates of RNA decay
and transcription, but although the details of transcriptional
regulation are increasingly understood, the mechanism(s) controlling
mRNA decay remain unclear. In yeast, it is hypothesized that ribosomes
must be removed from mRNA before transcripts are destroyed. However,
here it is shown that decay takes place while mRNAs are associated
with actively translating ribosomes, allowing the last translocating
ribosome to complete translation.
Wenqian Hu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08265
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase formed by TERT and the RMRP RNA
pp230-235
Accumulating evidence suggests that the human telomerase reverse
transcriptase catalytic subunit (TERT) has a role in cell physiology
independent to that of elongating telomeres. Here it is shown to
interact with RMRP, a gene that is mutated in the syndrome
cartilage-hair hypoplasia, to form a distinct ribonucleoprotein
complex that has RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity and
produces double-stranded RNAs that can be processed into small
interfering RNAs.
Yoshiko Maida et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08283
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Nature News Special: Data Sharing
Sharing knowledge is essential for the progress of science, but
researchers do not always release data and research materials,
even after publication of work. Earlier this year, two research
communities held meetings with a broad range of stakeholders to
discuss this issue, and they report their proposals to promote data
sharing in biology in two Opinion articles in this week's Nature.
Access the Nature News special free online.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The agendas of these meetings are intended to spark community
discussion and authors from both agendas will respond to reader
comments in two free Nature Network forums surrounding:
Prepublication data sharing
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=211&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Post publication data sharing
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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The global distribution of pure anorthosite on the Moon pp236-240
It has long been thought that the lunar highland crust was formed by
the crystallization and floatation of plagioclase from a global magma
ocean, but the exact mechanism by which such a crust formed remains
debated. Data from the Japanese SELENE spacecraft are now used to
produce a clear and high spatial resolution view of the composition
of the lunar crust. The existence of widely distributed crustal rocks
with compositions approaching 100 per cent (by volume) plagioclase is
revealed.
Makiko Ohtake et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08317
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Coherent optical pulse sequencer for quantum applications
pp241-245
Precise and arbitrary control of an optical field that preserves
optical coherence is an important requisite for many proposed
photonic technologies. Here, a coherent optical memory based on
photon echoes induced through controlled reversible inhomogeneous
broadening is presented. The scheme allows storage of multiple pulses
of light which can be arbitrarily recalled, time-stretched or split.
Mahdi Hosseini et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08325
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stable single-unit-cell nanosheets of zeolite MFI as active and
long-lived catalysts pp246-249
Zeolites -- microporous crystalline aluminosilicates -- are widely
used in industry as size- and shape-selective catalysts, but the
micropores that enable this catalytic activity also cause diffusion
limitations that adversely affect it. This can be overcome by reducing
the thickness of the zeolite crystals and thus improving molecular
diffusion. Here it is shown that bifunctional surfactants can direct
the formation of zeolite structures that are only one unit cell thick.
Minkee Choi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08288
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=311&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by
chromium isotopes pp250-253
It is thought that oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere occurred in
two broad steps, but details of the evolution of atmospheric oxygenation
remain uncertain. Chromium (Cr) stable isotopes from banded iron
formations are now used to track the presence of Cr(VI) in Precambrian
oceans, providing a time-resolved picture of the oxygenation history of
the Earth's atmosphere-hydrosphere system.
Robert Frei, Claudio Gaucher, Simon W. Poulton and Don E. Canfield
doi:10.1038/nature08266
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The importance of niches for the maintenance of species diversity
pp254-257
If organisms are involved in a perpetual struggle for existence,
how is it that communities are so diverse? The traditional answer
is the ecological niche but this has recently been challenged by
the neutral theory of biodiversity, which explains coexistence with
the equivalence of competitors. Here, theory and experimentation are
integrated in order to explore this problem; the results show that
diversity declines when niches are removed.
Jonathan M. Levine and Janneke HilleRisLambers
doi:10.1038/nature08251
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=308&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=91&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Photosystem I gene cassettes are present in marine virus genomes
pp258-262
Cyanobacteria are important contributors to photosynthetic productivity
in the open oceans. Functional photosystem II components are known to
be encoded in cyanophage genomes and are suggested to provide a fitness
advantage to the virus by boosting host performance. It is now shown
that photosystem I components can also be detected in cyanophages.
Itai Sharon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08284
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Changes of mind in decision-making pp263-266
How do we change our minds? Here, subjects were asked to make decisions
about a noisy visual stimulus, which they indicated by moving a handle.
By following hand trajectories, it was possible to determine the rare
occasions when subjects changed their minds halfway through a trial.
The authors extend a model developed to account for the timing and
accuracy of the initial decision to explain these subsequent changes
of mind.
Arbora Resulaj, Roozbeh Kiani, Daniel M. Wolpert and Michael N. Shadlen
doi:10.1038/nature08275
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The avian Z-linked gene DMRT1 is required for male sex determination
in the chicken pp267-271
Although sex determination in birds, as in mammals, is chromosomally
based, its mechanism has been a long-standing mystery. In birds, the
homogametic sex is male (ZZ) and the heterogametic sex is female (ZW);
one hypothesis is that two doses of a Z-linked gene are required for
male development. Here it is shown that reducing expression of the
conserved Z-linked gene DMRT1 feminizes the embryonic gonads in
genetically male (ZZ) chicken embryos.
Craig A. Smith et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08298
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Targeted capture and massively parallel sequencing of 12 human exomes
pp272-276
Although DNA sequencing costs have fallen dramatically, they are still
too high for whole genome sequencing to be used to routinely identify
rare and novel variants in large cohorts. The targeted capture and
massively parallel sequencing of the exomes of 12 humans is now
reported. Freeman-Sheldon syndrome is used as a proof-of-concept that
candidate genes for monogenic disorders can be identified by exome
sequencing of a small number of unrelated, affected individuals.
Sarah B. Ng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08250
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Modification of CO2 avoidance behaviour in Drosophila by inhibitory
odorants pp277-281
Fruitflies instinctively avoid CO2, for example that produced by
stressed fellow flies, but they overcome this avoidance response
in some environments that contain CO2, such as ripening fruits.
Here, a new class of odorants present in food is identified that
directly inhibit CO2-sensitive neurons in the antenna -- not, as
one would expect, indirectly via other olfactory pathways.
Stephanie Lynn Turner and Anandasankar Ray
doi:10.1038/nature08295
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nucleotides released by apoptotic cells act as a find-me signal to
promote phagocytic clearance pp282-286
The efficient removal of apoptotic cells in vivo is thought to be due
to the release of 'find-me' signals by apoptotic cells that recruit
motile phagocytes. Here, the caspase-dependent release of ATP and UTP
during the early stages of apoptosis is demonstrated. ATP and UTP are
found to act as chemoattractants in a process mediated through the
ATP/UTP receptor P2Y2, which is present on monocytes and macrophages.
Michael R. Elliott et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08296
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
ErbB2 resembles an autoinhibited invertebrate epidermal growth factor
receptor pp287-291
The tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB2 has been implicated in cancer,
particularly breast cancer. It has been suggested that its oncogenic
signalling properties result from the absence of a key 'tether' in the
extracellular region that autoinhibits other human ErbB receptors.
ErbB2 is now shown to be the closest structural relative of the dEGFR
receptor in Drosophila; although dEGFR also lacks a tether, a distinct
set of autoinhibitory interactions keep it inactive.
Diego Alvarado, Daryl E. Klein and Mark A. Lemmon
doi:10.1038/nature08297
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=221&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of the BK potassium channel in a lipid membrane from electron
cryomicroscopy pp292-295
Electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is an increasingly powerful method
for looking at the structures of large soluble proteins that does not
require crystallization of the proteins. Here, the first single-particle
cryo-EM study of a membrane protein is reported -- the human
large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel
(BK) -- in a lipid environment.
Liguo Wang and Fred J. Sigworth
doi:10.1038/nature08291
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ERRATUM
----------------------
MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in neural
development p296
Andrew S. Yoo, Brett T. Staahl, Lei Chen and Gerald R. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/nature08359
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
News
Business skills for postdocs p299
Master's programme recognizes need for bridge into industry.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7261-299a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Finding the perfect match p299
Applying for jobs can be like finding the perfect date.
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7261-299b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Foreign admissions fall p299
Foreign admissions down at US graduate schools.
doi:10.1038/nj7261-299c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Data manager for Europe p299
Colossal data management effort could open up bioinformatics
opportunities.
doi:10.1038/nj7261-299d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
IT sector takes a hit p299
IT sector hurting but industry will remain a magnet for venture-capital
investment.
doi:10.1038/nj7261-299e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Region
Eyeing the underdog p300
Can Philadelphia's biotechnology industry absorb the jobs lost from
pharmaceutical companies? Kerry Grens investigates.
Kerry Grens
doi:10.1038/nj7261-300a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The pet p304
An exercise in control.
Robert W. Janes
doi:10.1038/461304a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
09 September 2009
Asymptomatic deer excrete infectious prions in faeces
G?n Tamg?t al.
doi:10.1038/nature08289
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen
Phytophthora infestans
Brian J. Haas et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08358
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A luminal epithelial stem cell that is a cell of origin for prostate
cancer
Xi Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08361
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fgf8 morphogen gradient forms by a source-sink mechanism with freely
diffusing molecules
Shuizi Rachel Yu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08391
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
06 September 2009
Selective epigenetic control of retrotransposition in Arabidopsis
Marie Mirouze et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08328
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Active turnover modulates mature microRNA activity in Caenorhabditis
elegans
Saibal Chatterjee and Helge Groszhans
doi:10.1038/nature08349
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bursts of retrotransposition reproduced in Arabidopsis
Sayuri Tsukahara et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08351
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=34024808&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTc3NjMwNDkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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