9 July 2009 Volume 460 Number 7252, pp 151 - 298
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EDITORIALS
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Japan's tipping point p151
With changing demographics, a tight economy and increasing competition,
Japan could slide from the top ranks of research nations. Drastic
action is needed.
doi:10.1038/460151a
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How to stop blogging p152
Organizers have only two options for their meetings: open or closed.
doi:10.1038/460152a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Adieu to nuclear recycling p152
President Barack Obama should be applauded for his decision to scrap
commercial reprocessing.
doi:10.1038/460152b
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Perception: Picture imperfect? p154
doi:10.1038/460154a
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Ecology: A dusting of snow p154
doi:10.1038/460154b
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Evolution: Mary had a littler lamb p154
doi:10.1038/460154c
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Cancer biology: At rest in the bones p154
doi:10.1038/460154d
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Astronomy: A star is born p154
doi:10.1038/460154e
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Genomics: Closing in on cholesterol pp154-155
doi:10.1038/460154f
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Microbiology: Supershedding mice p155
doi:10.1038/460155a
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Geology: Earth-shattering research p155
doi:10.1038/460155b
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Computational biology: Unstuck by design p155
doi:10.1038/460155c
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Neurology: Feeling out autism p155
doi:10.1038/460155d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p155
James J. Collins
doi:10.1038/460155e
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NEWS
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US stem-cell research expands pp156-157
Biomedical agency announces new funding policy for cell lines.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/460156a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Flu jabs urged for developing countries pp156-157
Move should spur demand for vaccines and keep production
facilities running.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/460156b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Czech researchers angry over government changes p157
Reform reshuffles budgets for science and industry.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/460157a
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Developing nations tackle climate p158
Emissions targets, clean-energy projects and calls for justice are
multiplying, reports Jeff Tollefson.
doi:10.1038/460158a
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Iran presidential candidate speaks out p160
2005 contender Mostafa Moin talks about how the international science
community can help Iran.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/460160a
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When Earth greened over p161
Explosion of animal life could have been triggered by blanket of
vegetation.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/460161a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
US AIDS chief lays out priorities p162
Focus to shift from US priorities to those of countries receiving aid.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/460162a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution wins out in Hong Kong curriculum dispute p163
doi:10.1038/460163a
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Japanese diplomat chosen to lead nuclear watchdog p163
doi:10.1038/460163b
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Governments fail to reduce global biodiversity decline p163
doi:10.1038/460163c
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US scientist jailed for sharing sensitive data p163
doi:10.1038/460163d
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US Air Force will continue to share meteor data p163
doi:10.1038/460163e
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Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter snaps test pictures p163
doi:10.1038/460163f
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NEWS FEATURES
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Human genetics: One gene, twenty years pp164-169
When the cystic fibrosis gene was found in 1989, therapy seemed around
the corner. Two decades on, biologists still have a long way to go,
finds Helen Pearson.
doi:10.1038/460164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science education: Reading, writing and nanofabrication pp171-172
With its electron microscope, genetic sequencing machines and
observatory, the Yokohama Science Frontier High School is equipped
like no other. Will future scientists be inspired there, asks
David Cyranoski.
doi:10.1038/460171a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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Interrogation: has abuse been reduced by psychologists? p173
Frank Summers
doi:10.1038/460173a
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Birds and people both depend on China's wetlands p173
Lei Cao and Anthony D. Fox
doi:10.1038/460173b
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Route for political interests to weaken conservation p173
Petri Ahlroth and Janne S. Kotiaho
doi:10.1038/460173c
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COMMENTARY
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Too small to overlook p174
Voluntary reporting of nanomaterials by industry has failed. Mandatory
measures are a step in the right direction, but the field needs more
data sharing and oversight, say Andrew Maynard and David Rejeski.
doi:10.1038/460174a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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Darwin's last laugh p175
We must look for mental commonalities between humans and other animals
to understand the minds of either, says Frans B. M. de Waal, rebutting
a recent claim to the contrary.
Frans B. M. de Waal
doi:10.1038/460175a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Orderly anarchists pp176-177
The profit motive has led pirates to come up with surprisingly democratic
and egalitarian social structures. It is a lesson in bottom-up economics,
explains Michael Shermer.
Michael Shermer reviews The Invisible Hook: The Hidden Economics of
Pirates by Peter T. Leeson
doi:10.1038/460176a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Solo journey to a fifth dimension p177
Stefan Michalowski and Georgia Smith review Hypermusic Prologue: A
Projective Opera in Seven Planes by Hector Parra and Lisa Randall
doi:10.1038/460177a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Where they lived p178
Andrew Robinson reviews Lived in London: Blue Plaques and the Stories
Behind Them by Emily Cole
doi:10.1038/460178a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fresh formulae for portraiture p179
New portraits of physicists David Brewster and Peter Higgs show that
naturalistic images can find distinct ways to reflect scientists and
their work, Martin Kemp explains.
doi:10.1038/460179a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Evolutionary biology: Microbes exploit groundhog day p181
Can microorganisms learn from history? When a sequence of environmental
changes is repeated, natural selection might select for responses that
enable the microbes to prepare for later challenges in the sequence.
Tim F. Cooper
doi:10.1038/460181a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Vision: New light on allergy receptor pp182-183
A receptor usually found on immune cells implicated in allergy turns
out to be a diagnostic marker and promising treatment target for a
degenerative eye disease. Curiously, its role in the eye seems to be
unrelated to inflammation.
Maria Grant
doi:10.1038/460182a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Organic chemistry: Forgotten hydrocarbons prepared pp183-184
Dendralene hydrocarbons have a reputation for being difficult -- it
seemed that these molecules couldn't easily be made. A practical
synthesis of dendralenes opens them up for study, and reveals some
surprises.
Henning Hopf
doi:10.1038/460183a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: B cells break the rules pp184-186
A study of lymphocytes that lack a DNA-repair enzyme challenges
long-standing dogma about the spatial separation of processes that
rearrange antibody genes, and provides clues about the origins of
B-cell cancers.
Marilyn Diaz and Janssen Daly
doi:10.1038/460184a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Nanotubes sorted using DNA pp186-187
A vast number of DNA sequences are possible, and so finding the few
that bind to a particular non-DNA entity is a daunting task. A
systematic search algorithm has found sequences that target specific
carbon nanotubes.
Mark C. Hersam
doi:10.1038/460186a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=91&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum information: Circuits that process with magic pp187-188
Practical quantum computation will require a scalable, robust system
to generate and process information with precise control. This is now
possible using a superconducting circuit and a little quantum magic.
Raymond W. Simmonds and Frederick W. Strauch
doi:10.1038/460187a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=424&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obituary: Herbert Frank York (1921-2009) p189
A voice of calm in the era of nuclear weapons.
Michael M. May
doi:10.1038/460189a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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HORIZONS
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The possibility of impossible cultures pp190-196
Insights from evolutionary developmental biology and the mind sciences
could change our understanding of the human capacity to think and the
ways in which the human mind constrains cultural expressions.
Marc D. Hauser
doi:10.1038/460190a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=413&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Synthesis at the molecular frontier pp197-201
Driven by remarkable advances in the understanding of structure and
reaction mechanisms, organic synthesis will be increasingly directed
to producing bioinspired and newly designed molecules.
Paul A. Wender and Benjamin L. Miller
doi:10.1038/460197a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biomarkers in psychiatry pp202-207
The use of biomarkers to predict human behaviour and psychiatric
disorders raises social and ethical issues, which must be resolved
by collaborative efforts.
Ilina Singh and Nikolas Rose
doi:10.1038/460202a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=406&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Toxicology for the twenty-first century pp208-212
The testing of substances for adverse effects on humans and the
environment needs a radical overhaul if we are to meet the challenges
of ensuring health and safety.
Thomas Hartung
doi:10.1038/460208a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
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The role of black holes in galaxy formation and evolution pp213-219
Virtually all massive galaxies host central black holes, the growth of
which releases vast amounts of energy that powers quasars and other
weaker active galactic nuclei. However, a tiny fraction of this energy
could halt star formation by heating and ejecting ambient gas; a central
question in galaxy evolution is the degree to which this process has
caused the decline of star formation in large elliptical galaxies.
A. Cattaneo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08135
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=398&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Adaptive prediction of environmental changes by microorganisms pp220-224
Habitats where environmental change occurs in a reliable order offer
microorganisms the opportunity to prepare in advance. Here, in both the
bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, stimuli
that typically appear early in the ecology of the organism are shown to
induce genes that are useful for coping with conditions that normally
occur later, a process that is also shown to improve fitness.
Amir Mitchell et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08112
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=382&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
CCR3 is a target for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis and
therapy pp225-230
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of blindness.
Now, the eosinophil/mast cell chemokine receptor CCR3 is shown to be
specifically expressed in choroidal neovascular endothelial cells in
humans with AMD, and targeting CCR3 or its ligands in mice inhibits
the choroidal neovascularization that underlies AMD. In the mouse
model, CCR3 blockade was more effective and less toxic than VEGF-A
neutralization, which is currently in clinical use.
Atsunobu Takeda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08151
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=327&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mechanisms promoting translocations in editing and switching peripheral
B cells pp231-236
Editing and class switch recombination, two processes in the development
of B cells, are thought to be separated in the bone marrow and spleen,
respectively. Errors in either of these processes can initiate chromosomal
translocations, including those of B cell lymphomas, but collaboration
between them may also initiate translocations. Here it is shown that both
editing and class switch recombination can occur in peripheral B cells,
offering insights into the origin of the translocations observed in
certain B cell lymphomas.
Jing H. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08159
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Type IIn supernovae at redshift z [ap] 2 from archival data pp237-239
Type IIn supernovae are luminous core-collapse explosions of massive
stars that, unlike other types, are very bright in the ultraviolet
and have strong, long-lived emission lines that should enable detection
at redshift z [ap] 2. Here, three spectroscopically confirmed type IIn
supernovae are reported at redshifts z = 0.808, 2.013 and 2.357, detected
in archival data.
Jeff Cooke et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08082
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=349&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Demonstration of two-qubit algorithms with a superconducting quantum
processor pp240-244
Quantum computers, which harness the superposition and entanglement of
physical states, hold great promise for the future. Here, the demonstration
of a two-qubit superconducting processor and the implementation of quantum
algorithms, represents an important step in quantum computing.
L. DiCarlo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08121
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct observation of correlations between individual photon emission events
of a microcavity laser pp245-249
Lasers are recognized for coherent light emission, the onset of which is
reflected in a change in photon statistics; but, until now, attempts to
directly measure correlations in the individual photon emission events of
semiconductor lasers have been unsuccessful. By using a streak camera
technique with sufficient time resolution, the dynamical evolution of
correlations between individual photon emission events is now demonstrated.
J. Wiersig et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08126
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=371&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA sequence motifs for structure-specific recognition and separation
of carbon nanotubes pp250-253
Methods for production of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) generate
mixtures of metallic and semiconducting tubes with different diameters
and chiralities. However, many fundamental studies and technical
applications of SWNTs require a population of tubes with identical chirality.
A new method that is capable of purifying each species in a nanotube
mixture is now demonstrated.
Xiaomin Tu, Suresh Manohar, Anand Jagota and Ming Zheng
doi:10.1038/nature08116
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Late Cretaceous seasonal ocean variability from the Arctic pp254-258
Although the modern Arctic Ocean is regarded as a barometer of global change
and an amplifier of global warming, little is known about its state in the
greenhouse period of the Late Cretaceous epoch (65-99 million years ago).
Here, a seasonally resolved Cretaceous sedimentary record from the Alpha
ridge of the Arctic Ocean is presented; evidence suggests seasonal diatom
productivity in a stratified ocean with possible winter sea ice cover.
Andrew Davies, Alan E. S. Kemp and Jennifer Pike
doi:10.1038/nature08141
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic
microenvironment pp259-263
Adult bone marrow contains numerous adipocytes, the numbers of which
correlate inversely with the haematopoietic activity of the marrow. It
had been unclear whether adipocytes participate in haematopoietic
regulation or simply expand to fill marrow space; here it is shown that
murine haematopoiesis is reduced in adipocyte-rich marrow during
homeostasis, and that adipocytes antagonize haematopoietic recovery
after bone-marrow irradiation.
Olaia Naveiras et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08099
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=385&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
CD14 regulates the dendritic cell life cycle after LPS exposure through
NFAT activation pp264-268
Here, CD14 is shown to regulate mouse dendritic cell apoptosis after
lipopolysaccharide stimulation via a pathway involving activation of
the transcription factor NFAT; an event that is essential for maintaining
self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Given the involvement of
CD14 in diseases such as sepsis and heart failure, the discovery of
signal transduction pathways activated exclusively by CD14 is an important
step towards the development of potential new treatments.
Ivan Zanoni et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08118
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
T cells dampen innate immune responses through inhibition of NLRP1 and
NLRP3 inflammasomes pp269-273
The mechanisms controlling excessive inflammatory responses, which can
result in damage to tissues and diseases such as arthritis and type-2
diabetes, are poorly understood. Mouse effector and memory CD4+ T cells
are now shown to inhibit inflammasome activity, revealing a mechanism
by which effector and memory T cells can suppress potentially damaging
inflammation while leaving the primary inflammatory response intact.
Greta Guarda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08100
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Unlimited multistability in multisite phosphorylation systems pp274-277
Although naked DNA has a relatively static and easy to grasp information
capacity, reversible phosphorylation at several sites in even a single
protein encodes a potentially large amount of information, and the
calculation of this information capacity is complex. Here, this complexity
is reduced to solving two algebraic equations, allowing the estimation of
the information capacity of a signalling protein as a function of the
varying amounts of kinases and phosphatases.
Matthew Thomson and Jeremy Gunawardena
doi:10.1038/nature08102
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=416&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability pp278-282
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of many tumours and correlates
with the presence of extra centrosomes, but a direct mechanistic link
between CIN and extra centrosomes has not been established. Live-cell
imaging is now used to demonstrate that extra centrosomes can promote
chromosome missegregation as a consequence of cells passing through a
transient 'multipolar spindle intermediate'.
Neil J. Ganem, Susana A. Godinho and David Pellman
doi:10.1038/nature08136
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=361&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Uniparental expression of PolIV-dependent siRNAs in developing endosperm
of Arabidopsis pp283-286
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that are associated with gene silencing
have been discovered in most eukaryotes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, siRNAs
are now shown to be uniparentally expressed from the maternal genome,
having maximal expression in the young developing seed. This unusual
pattern of expression provides evidence for a link between genomic
imprinting and RNA silencing in plants.
Rebecca A. Mosher et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08084
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A histone H3 lysine 36 trimethyltransferase links Nkx2-5 to
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome pp287-291
Histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 36 (H3K36me3) is associated with
actively transcribed regions and may provide landmarks for continuing
transcription. Here it is shown that the H3K36me3-specific histone
methyltransferase Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 (WHSC1)
functions in transcription regulation together with developmental
transcription factors whose defects overlap with the human disease
Wolf-Hirschorn syndrome (WHS). Furthermore, Whsc1-deficient mice display
defects similar to those seen in WHS patients.
Keisuke Nimura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08086
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=375&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ADDENDUM
----------------------
Ionic high-pressure form of elemental boron p292
Artem R. Oganov et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08164
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ERRATUM
----------------------
Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons p292
ChiChing Liu, Alan T. Linde and I. Selwyn Sacks
doi:10.1038/nature08202
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Debating the literature p295
A new approach can revitalize literature updates, building skills
and teamwork at the same time. B. Harihara Venkatraman, Dipankar
Basak and Dhandapani Venkataraman report.
B. Harihara Venkatraman, Dipankar Basak and Dhandapani Venkataraman
doi:10.1038/nj7252-295a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Expect the unexpected p295
Lab life requires vigilance.
Bryan Venters
doi:10.1038/nj7252-295b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=355&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Boon for biotech p295
Bulletin identifies the best in biotech.
doi:10.1038/nj7252-295c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Student enrolment up p295
US graduate numbers rise in science and engineering.
doi:10.1038/nj7252-295d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Plain English p295
Free service helps scientists get published.
doi:10.1038/nj7252-295e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=8&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Goliath p298
It's all about timing.
Bruce W. Ferguson
doi:10.1038/460298a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
08 July 2009
A highly annotated whole-genome sequence of a Korean individual
Jong-Il Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08211
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chd1 regulates open chromatin and pluripotency of embryonic
stem cells
Alexandre Gaspar-Maia et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08212
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
The late Precambrian greening of the Earth
L. Paul Knauth and Martin J. Kennedy
doi:10.1038/nature08213
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically
heterogeneous mice
David E. Harrison et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08221
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=13&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ageing: A midlife longevity drug?
The small molecule rapamycin, already approved for clinical use for
various human disorders, has been found to significantly increase
lifespan in mice. Is this a step towards an anti-ageing drug for people?
Matt Kaeberlein and Brian K. Kennedy
doi:10.1038/nature08246
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
05 July 2009
The AP-1 transcription factor Batf controls TH17 differentiation
Barbara U. Schraml et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08114
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=378&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Partial penetrance facilitates developmental evolution in bacteria
Avigdor Eldar et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08150
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=362&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity
Kimberly R. Cordes et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08195
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=188&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of a prokaryotic virtual proton pump at 3.2 A resolution
Yiling Fang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08201
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=394&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
A role for Lin28 in primordial germ-cell development and germ-cell
malignancy
Jason A. West et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08210
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=352&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=33536558&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTI3NjA1ODIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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