30 July 2009 Volume 460 Number 7255, pp 551 - 658
Visit Nature online to browse the journal.
Now available at http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text access
to Nature online. To purchase a subscription, please visit:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library, please visit
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
******************FREE ARTICLE****************
Cardiovascular disease : B-type natriuretic peptide
Researchers have identified an alternatively spliced form of
the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide that lacks the blood
pressure-lowering effects that have curtailed the use of its
regular form in patients with heart failure. Find out more
by reading the first in-depth analysis of the scientific and
commercial potential of the work in SciBX: Science-Business eXchange
Full Text:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
PDF:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
**********************************************************************
ACCESS 20 FREE ARTICLES from the SciBX Cover Story Archive HERE
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=====================================================================
----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Information overload p551
A report released last week by the US National Academies makes
recommendations for tackling the issues surrounding the era of
petabyte science.
doi:10.1038/460551a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The shale revolution pp551-552
The vast reserves of US natural gas must be used judiciously to
ease the transition to clean energy.
doi:10.1038/460551b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Inspiring non-scientists p552
Those wishing to reveal scientific ideas should learn from the
engaging style of TED conference talks.
doi:10.1038/460552a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Biology: Chill bill p554
doi:10.1038/460554a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Phytology: Tree carbon recalibrated? p554
doi:10.1038/460554b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanochemistry: Protein fondue p554
doi:10.1038/460554c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Cancer's metabolic roots p554
doi:10.1038/460554d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microfluidics: The sounds of science p554
doi:10.1038/460554e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earth monitoring: Tsunamis from space p555
doi:10.1038/460555a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: A one-pot shot p555
doi:10.1038/460555b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Behaviour: Why 'there's never just one' p555
doi:10.1038/460555c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physics: A cold shake p555
doi:10.1038/460555d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Development: Starting from scratch p555
doi:10.1038/460555e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p555
Pavel Jungwirth
doi:10.1038/460555f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Biodefence lab criticized pp556-557
US lawmakers investigate site choice of planned facility.
Elie Dolgin
doi:10.1038/460556a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physicians fight back against disclosure rules pp556-557
Pressure group calls for stronger links with industry.
Cassandra Willyard
doi:10.1038/460556b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
European body told to cut free p557
Review highlights hurdles faced by Europe's research council.
Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/news.2009.729
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
LHC students face data drought p558
Computer simulations are the only option when the world's largest
particle accelerator isn't working.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/460558a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Italy introduces performance-related funding p559
Agency to evaluate research is launched.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/460559a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Forest growth studies begin to turn up the heat p559
Researchers aim to assess the effects of rising air temperature.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/460559b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mice made from induced stem cells p560
Technical feat shows that the different route to stem cells can
indeed make a full mammal body.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/460560a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Legal battle may reshape nanotechnology firm p561
Oxonica loses appeal over fuel additive.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/460561a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=10&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
US puts flu vaccines on trial p562
NIAID director Anthony Fauci explains testing strategy.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/460562a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
German research bodies draft synthetic-biology plan p563
doi:10.1038/460563a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Step-by-step rating system set to improve African labs p563
doi:10.1038/460563b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK government urged to disclose evidence base p563
doi:10.1038/460563c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mauna Kea adds to its family of telescopes p563
doi:10.1038/460563d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetic barcode for plants close to agreement p563
doi:10.1038/460563e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Lucky find of undersea methane bubbles p563
doi:10.1038/460563f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Wind power: High hopes pp564-566
A vast supply of energy is racing around the planet far above the
surface. Erik Vance meets the engineers trying to bring the power
of high-altitude wind down to earth.
Erik Vance
doi:10.1038/460564a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Lights, camera, infection pp568-570
Multiphoton microscopy is allowing immunologists to watch infections
as they happen. Jeanne Erdmann pulls up a seat.
Jeanne Erdmann
doi:10.1038/460568a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Flu: vaccinate to cut risk of chimaeric virus emerging p571
Ilaria Capua and Giovanni Cattoli
doi:10.1038/460571a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Flu: weighing up conflicting expert information p571
Erwin van Rijswoud
doi:10.1038/460571b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Where will we find the tritium to fuel hybrid reactors? p571
J. H. Evans
doi:10.1038/460571c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
The invention of heroes pp572-573
The Western public's misapprehension that genius in science is
always male and caucasian is partly a legacy of Victorian politics,
says Christine MacLeod.
doi:10.1038/460572a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
A break from the bench pp574-577
Nature regulars give their recommendations for relaxed, inspiring
holiday reading and viewing -- from climate-change history
to Isaac Newton the detective.
David Poeppel, Mike Brown, Susan Solomon, Jerry A. Coyne,
Ming-Wei Wang, Jonathan Zittrain, Carl Zimmer, Felice Frankel,
Hugh Young Rienhoff, Bruce Hood, Neil Shubin, Eugenie Scott,
Sandra Knapp and Adam Kepecs review In Praise of Idleness: And Other
Essays by Bertrand Russell
doi:10.1038/460574a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Optics: All smoke and metamaterials pp579-580
An illusion device, placed near but not enclosing an object of
arbitrary shape, manipulates and transforms light scattered off
the object so as to give it the appearance of a completely
different object.
John Pendry
doi:10.1038/460579a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: Trimeric ion-channel design pp580-581
Cavernous chambers, intricate passages, a gate with a curious
lock -- the structure of an ATP-activated ion channel reveals its
architecture. And this intriguing interior design is found in
another type of ion channel too.
Shai D. Silberberg and Kenton J. Swartz
doi:10.1038/460580a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=191&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Oceanography: A fishy mix pp581-582
Ocean life is in almost constant motion, and such activity must
surely stir things up. Innovative investigations into this concept
of 'biogenic mixing' show a role for jellyfish and their brethren.
William K. Dewar
doi:10.1038/460581a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Planetary science: Windy clues to Saturn's spin pp582-583
Saturn's rotation period has been a mystery. An estimate based on its
meteorology comes with implications for our understanding of the
planet's atmospheric jet streams and interior structure.
Adam P. Showman
doi:10.1038/460582a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earth science: Trickle-down geodynamics pp583-584
Analysis of the platinum-group elements in a particular type of ancient
volcanic rock provides clues about Earth's early history as well as a
fresh approach to understanding mantle dynamics.
Nicholas Arndt
doi:10.1038/460583a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Developmental biology: Skeletal muscle comes of age pp584-585
A regulatory protein thought to be crucial for maintaining the muscle
stem-cell pool throughout life is shown to be dispensable in the adult.
Muscle biologists are left wondering what fundamental things apply as
time goes by.
Terry Partridge
doi:10.1038/460584a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Supramolecular chemistry: Phosphorus caged pp585-586
Violent criminals are imprisoned to keep them under control. Similarly,
incarceration in a molecular jail stops white phosphorus from bursting
into flames -- but on release, it regains its fiery character.
Kenneth N. Raymond
doi:10.1038/460585a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
Recent progress in the biology and physiology of sirtuins pp587-591
Toren Finkel, Chu-Xia Deng and Raul Mostoslavsky
doi:10.1038/nature08197
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=215&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Biased reptilian palaeothermometer? ppE1-E2
J. M. Kale Sniderman
doi:10.1038/nature08222
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Re-calibrating the snake palaeothermometer ppE2-E3
Anastassia M. Makarieva, Victor G. Gorshkov and Bai-Lian Li
doi:10.1038/nature08223
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Can the giant snake predict palaeoclimate? ppE3-E4
Mark W. Denny, Brent L. Lockwood and George N. Somero
doi:10.1038/nature08224
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Head et al. reply ppE4-E5
Jason J. Head et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08225
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Crystal structure of the ATP-gated P2X4 ion channel in the closed state
pp592-598
P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that are implicated in diverse
physiological processes, from synaptic transmission to inflammation to the
sensing of taste and pain. The crystal structure of the zebrafish P2X4
channel is now solved in its closed state, revealing some of the molecular
underpinnings of ligand-binding, cation entry and channel gating.
Toshimitsu Kawate, Jennifer Carlisle Michel, William T. Birdsong and
Eric Gouaux
doi:10.1038/nature08198
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pore architecture and ion sites in acid-sensing ion channels and P2X
receptors pp599-604
Like P2X receptors, acid-sensing ion channels are trimeric in structure;
however, they belong to an entirely different family. Here, the structure
of an acid-sensing ion channel is presented and compared to the structure
of P2X4, suggesting that these functionally distinct channels use similar
mechanistic principles.
Eric B. Gonzales, Toshimitsu Kawate and Eric Gouaux
doi:10.1038/nature08218
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Unrivalled Excellence from Nature
Nature maintains its position as the number one weekly science
journal, with a new Impact Factor of 31.434* ahead of Science
(28.103) and Cell(31.253). In a separate indicator of excellence,
Nature has been named 'journal of the century' by the Special Library
Association (SLA).
To celebrate, this July we are offering an exclusive 20% discount on
a personal subscription. Mention this offer when ordering or subscribe
online.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
*2008 Journal Citation Report (Thomson Reuters 2009)
=====================================================================
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Resonant stripping as the origin of dwarf spheroidal galaxies
pp605-607
The origin of dwarf spheroidal galaxies is one of the outstanding
puzzles of how galaxies form. Previous theories require that they
orbit near giant galaxies like the Milky Way, but some dwarfs have
been observed in the outskirts of the Local Group. Here, simulations
of encounters between dwarf disk galaxies and somewhat larger dwarfs
yield results that may account for some of the observed properties of
dwarf spheroidals in the Local Group.
Elena D'Onghia, Gurtina Besla, Thomas J. Cox and Lars Hernquist
doi:10.1038/nature08215
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Saturn's rotation period from its atmospheric planetary-wave
configuration pp608-610
The rotation period of a gas giant's magnetic field (the System III
reference frame) is commonly used to infer its bulk rotation, but
this approach cannot be used for Saturn because its dipole magnetic
field is not tilted relative to its rotation axis. Consequently, the
surrogate measure of long-wavelength radiation is used to fix the
System III rotation period. The period as recently measured by the
Cassini spacecraft is up to 7 minutes longer than the value measured
28 years ago by Voyager. Here, a determination of Saturn's rotation
period is reported, based on an analysis of potential vorticity.
P. L. Read, T. E. Dowling and G. Schubert
doi:10.1038/nature08194
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A `granocentric' model for random packing of jammed emulsions
pp611-615
A simple underlying mechanism for the random assembly of granular
particles, analogous to crystalline ordering, remains unknown. Here
however, three-dimensional measurements of packings of polydisperse
emulsion droplets are used to build a statistical model where the
complexity of the global packing can be understood in terms of two
simple, local parameters -- the available space around a particle
and the ratio of contacts to neighbours.
Maxime Clusel, Eric I. Corwin, Alexander O. N. Siemens and Jasna Brujic
doi:10.1038/nature08158
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Carbon respiration from subsurface peat accelerated by climate warming
in the subarctic pp616-619
The feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate is one
of the largest uncertainties in current projections of future climate,
with the long-term sensitivity of carbon in peatlands remaining
unclear. The combination of non-disturbing in situ measurements of
carbon dioxide respiration rates and isotopic composition of respired
CO2 in subarctic peatland experiments now shows that warming
accelerates respiration rates of these subsurface carbon reservoirs
to a much larger extent than was previously thought.
Ellen Dorrepaal et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08216
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Progressive mixing of meteoritic veneer into the early Earth's deep
mantle pp620-623
Komatiites are ancient volcanic rocks, mostly from the Archaean era,
that formed through high degrees of partial melting of the mantle
and therefore provide reliable information on bulk mantle compositions.
Here it is shown that most early Archaean komatiites from the Barberton
greenstone belt of South Africa and the Pilbara craton of Western
Australia are depleted in platinum group elements (PGEs) relative to
late Archaean and younger komatiites, and the variations of this
depletion with time suggests that PGE-enriched cosmic material was
progressively mixed into the deep mantle.
Wolfgang D. Maier et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08205
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A viscosity-enhanced mechanism for biogenic ocean mixing pp624-626
Sir Charles Darwin, grandson of the famous evolutionary pioneer, was
a physicist who suggested that swimming animals might contribute
significantly to the mixing of water in the ocean. Here, observations
of swimming jellyfish are used to create and validate a theoretical
model for the relative contributions of Darwinian mixing and
turbulent wake mixing. The contribution of living organisms to ocean
mixing is found to be substantial -- in the same order of magnitude
as winds and tides.
Kakani Katija and John O. Dabiri
doi:10.1038/nature08207
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Adult satellite cells and embryonic muscle progenitors have distinct
genetic requirements pp627-631
The myogenic determinant Pax7 is thought to have a critical role in
adult muscle stem cells (satellite cells), but a formal demonstration
has been lacking in vivo. Here it is shown that, unexpectedly, when
Pax7 is inactivated in adult mice, mutant satellite cells are not
compromised in muscle regeneration. Multiple time points of gene
inactivation reveal that Pax7 is only required up to the juvenile
period, indicating an age-dependent change in the genetic requirement
for muscle stem cells.
Christoph Lepper, Simon J. Conway and Chen-Ming Fan
doi:10.1038/nature08209
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Presenilins are essential for regulating neurotransmitter release
pp632-636
Mutations in the presenilin genes are associated with familial cases
of Alzheimer's disease, but the precise site and nature of the
synaptic dysfunction remain unknown. Using a genetic approach to
selectively inactivate presenilins in a mouse model, it has been
possible to demonstrate that they act in the presynaptic compartment
to control the activity-dependent efficacy of neurotransmitter
release, a process essential for neuronal computation, learning and
memory.
Chen Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08177
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Macrophage elastase kills bacteria within murine macrophages pp637-641
Macrophages possess several substances with which they can kill
bacteria, including reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and
antimicrobial proteins. Here, macrophage elastase, an enzyme
implicated in several disease processes including emphysema, is shown
to have direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and
Gram-negative bacteria.
A. McGarry Houghton et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08181
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
MicroRNA-mediated switching of chromatin-remodelling complexes in
neural development pp642-646
During development of the vertebrate nervous system, a switch in the
subunit composition of the BAF chromatin-remodelling complex occurs
when cells lose multipotency and begin to develop stable connections
that will persist for a lifetime. Here, the switch in BAF subunits is
shown to be mediated by two microRNAs that are selectively expressed
in post-mitotic neurons.
Andrew S. Yoo, Brett T. Staahl, Lei Chen and Gerald R. Crabtree
doi:10.1038/nature08139
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=145&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evidence of Xist RNA-independent initiation of mouse imprinted
X-chromosome inactivation pp647-651
Female mammals undergo silencing of most genes on one of their two
X chromosomes in a process termed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI).
In placental mammals, the non-coding RNA Xist is thought to trigger
XCI. Here it is demonstrated that silencing of the paternal
X chromosome (Xp) is able to initiate in the absence of paternal
Xist; Xist is, however, required to stabilize silencing along the Xp.
Sundeep Kalantry et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08161
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Hedgehog signalling is essential for maintenance of cancer stem cells
in myeloid leukaemia p652
Chen Zhao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08255
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
PROSPECTS
Balancing belief and bioscience p654
Can religious belief really be reconciled with a life in science?
Gene Russo contemplates the contradictions.
doi:10.1038/nj7255-654a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
NEWS
California scrambles to find money for pay p654
Many fear university's science enterprise will crumble.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7255-654b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
CAREERS Q&A
Lucila Ohno-Machado p655
Inaugural chief of the Division of Biomedical Informatics at the
University of California, San Diego.
doi:10.1038/nj7255-655a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
POSTDOC JOURNAL
A lack of funding p655
Feeling the effects of the economic downturn.
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7255-655b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
IN BRIEF
Germany seeks applicants p655
Third phase of excellence awards is launched.
doi:10.1038/nj7255-655c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK bioscience boost p655
Research council set to award 16 fellowships.
doi:10.1038/nj7255-655d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=203&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stimulus for US science p655
Energy research gets boost in US stimulus funds.
doi:10.1038/nj7255-655e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Hard man to surprise p658
A birthday treat.
David Marusek
doi:10.1038/460658a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
29 July 2009
Riboflavin kinase couples TNF receptor 1 to NADPH oxidase
Benjamin Yazdanpanah et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08206
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Specific pathways prevent duplication-mediated genome rearrangements
Christopher D. Putnam, Tikvah K. Hayes and Richard D. Kolodner
doi:10.1038/nature08217
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Initiation of myoblast to brown fat switch by a PRDM16–C/EBP-[beta]
transcriptional complex
Shingo Kajimura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08262
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
26 July 2009
Intrinsic light response of retinal horizontal cells of teleosts
Ning Cheng, Takashi Tsunenari and King-Wai Yau
doi:10.1038/nature08175
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Programming cells by multiplex genome engineering and accelerated
evolution
Harris H. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08187
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Multiple roles for MRE11 at uncapped telomeres
Yibin Deng, Xiaolan Guo, David O. Ferguson and Sandy Chang
doi:10.1038/nature08196
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Homotypic fusion of ER membranes requires the dynamin-like GTPase
Atlastin
Genny Orso et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08280
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Summer vacation reading
Fourteen Books & Arts contributors give their recommendations for
relaxed holiday reads. Doze over Bertrand Russell's In Praise of
Idleness, chill with David Archer's The Long Thaw, snack and read
An Edible History of Humanity by Tom Standage or wonder at Hugh
Laurie's transformation from the English wit and musician of A Bit
of Fry and Laurie to convincingly grumpy American medic in House.
Access this content free online for one month.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=====================================================================
You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to
receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time,
by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at:
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=33748487&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTQxMjA2NjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).
For further technical assistance, please contact our registration department:
registration@nature.com
For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription department:
subscriptions@nature.com
For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department:
feedback@nature.com
Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York |
NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne -
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
(c) Copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group
=====================================================================
