11 June 2009 Volume 459 Number 7248, pp751-880
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International Year of Astronomy
To mark in 2009 the International Year of Astronomy and 400 years
since Galileo made his first telescope observation, Nature has
commissioned a series of special articles and reviews.
Data, reported in this weeks Nature, should prove important
reference material as the search for Earth-like planets continues.
Another report looks at how deviations in the architecture
of the solar system can potentially lead to the collision of Earth
with Mercury, Mars or Venus.
To access these articles and more, click here.
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EDITORIALS
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Unjust burdens of proof p751
English libel law adversely affects every publisher and website
host whose content can be read in the United Kingdom. It must be
changed.
doi:10.1038/459751a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Watch your back pp751-752
The H1N1 flu epidemic is not the world's only disease threat.
doi:10.1038/459751b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The sharing principle p752
Journals and funders must insist that genetically modified mouse
strains are fully available.
doi:10.1038/459752a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Evolution: Tickle tree p754
doi:10.1038/459754a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: What's handed down p754
doi:10.1038/459754b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=355&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Evidence of emperors p754
doi:10.1038/459754c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Planetary science: Pressure drop p754
doi:10.1038/459754d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Oceanography: Glowing oceans p754
doi:10.1038/459754e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurogenetics: Huntington's toxic trigger pp754-755
doi:10.1038/459754f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Biomes bounce back p755
doi:10.1038/459755a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
High-energy physics: Muonium gets real p755
doi:10.1038/459755b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Planetary science: Mercurial Mercury p755
doi:10.1038/459755c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer biology: Tumour clue p755
doi:10.1038/459755d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p755
Gail Christeson
doi:10.1038/459755e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Avian influenza aided readiness for swine flu pp756-757
Despite gains from threat of bird flu, pandemic preparedness is
patchy.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/459756a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK science shuffled again p757
Business department expands its remit as government department is
scrapped.
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/459757a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Moon mission tackles water question pp758-759
NASA orbiter will hunt for water ice that could be used as a
resource by future astronauts.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/459758a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Last weather ship faces closure p759
Oceanographers rally to try to save Norwegian vessel.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/459759a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=188&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum dots go large pp760-761
A small industry could be on the verge of a boom, reports Katharine
Sanderson.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/459760a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Grant applications swamp agency p763
Peer-review system for National Institutes of Health grants is
stretched to its limits.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/459763a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sweden finally picks nuclear-waste burial site p764
doi:10.1038/459764a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
German science secures historic windfall p764
doi:10.1038/459764b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Rotavirus vaccines win global recommendation p764
doi:10.1038/459764c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Californian universities hit by state's budget woes p764
doi:10.1038/459764d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Legal accord eases path to Europe's research facilities p764
doi:10.1038/459764e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Submersible plumbs the depths p764
doi:10.1038/459764f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=338&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Media research: The black box pp765-768
Assessing the effects of television on young children is far from
easy. But, as researchers tell Jim Schnabel, that is no reason not
to try.
Jim Schnabel
doi:10.1038/459765a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geomicrobiology: Low life pp770-773
The boundaries of biology reach farther below Earth's surface than
scientists had thought possible. Amanda Leigh Mascarelli delves
into how microbes survive deep underground.
Amanda Leigh Mascarelli
doi:10.1038/459770a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Gene data for endangered species have limitations p774
Michael Hofreiter
doi:10.1038/459774a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
How science upholds civilization, human rights and democracy p774
Dick Taverne
doi:10.1038/459774b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stick as well as carrot needed to solve age-old gender bias p774
Colleen E. Crangle
doi:10.1038/459774c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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The future of saving our past pp775-776
As letters and diaries give way to e-mails and laptops, fresh
challenges and opportunities have emerged for archivists.
Jeremy Leighton John explores the digital wilderness for the
British Library.
Jeremy Leighton John
doi:10.1038/459775a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Looking for planets like ours pp777-778
The hunt for habitable worlds near other stars brings home the
realization that our own Solar System might not be as special as we
think, says Michael Brown.
Michael Brown reviews The Crowded Universe: The Search for Living
Planets by Alan Boss
doi:10.1038/459777a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Charting the heavens from China pp778-779
Jane Qiu reviews The Dunhuang Star Chart
doi:10.1038/459778a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Superstition challenged pp779-780
Philip Ball reviews Grimoires: A History of Magic Books by Owen
Davies
doi:10.1038/459779a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The technology of illusion p780
Jascha Hoffman reviews Interactivos? Lima '09: Magic and Technology
doi:10.1038/459780a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Planetary science: The Solar System's extended shelf life pp781-782
Simulations show that orbital chaos can lead to collisions between
Earth and the inner planets. But Einstein's tweaks to Newton's
theory of gravity render these ruinous outcomes unlikely in the
next few billion years.
Gregory Laughlin
doi:10.1038/459781a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell cycle: Cell division brought down to size pp782-783
Cells normally divide on reaching a fairly specific size, but how
cell size dictates the timing of cell division remains obscure. In
fission yeast, a spatial gradient of a cell-tip protein may provide
an answer.
Kenneth E. Sawin
doi:10.1038/459782a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Traits of plant invaders pp783-784
Many plants introduced to new habitats have fewer microbial
pathogens than when in their home range, and have the ability to
grow rapidly. Such a combination may make for especially
troublesome immigrants.
Tim Seastedt
doi:10.1038/459783a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Immunity's ancient arms pp784-786
Diverse receptors on two types of cell mediate adaptive immunity in
jawed vertebrates. In the lamprey, a jawless vertebrate, immunity
is likewise compartmentalized but the molecular mechanics are very
different.
Gary W. Litman and John P. Cannon
doi:10.1038/459784a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=344&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p785
doi:10.1038/459785a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=353&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Organic chemistry: Synthetic lessons from nature pp786-787
Most syntheses in organic chemistry target one molecule, or a few
closely related analogues at most. But by taking a leaf from
nature's book, the latest synthetic strategy opens the door to a
whole family of compounds.
Huw M. L. Davies
doi:10.1038/459786a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: The proteasome assembly line pp787-788
The assembly of the proteasome - the cellular machine that
eliminates unwanted proteins - is a carefully choreographed affair,
involving a complex sequence of steps overseen by dedicated protein
chaperones.
Kiran Madura
doi:10.1038/459787a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
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Solar eclipses as an astrophysical laboratory pp789-795
Observations of the Sun during total eclipses have led to major
discoveries. A new generation of ground-based eclipse observations
reaches spatial, temporal and spectral-resolution domains that are
inaccessible from space.
Jay M. Pasachoff
doi:10.1038/nature07987
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
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Early Cambrian ocean anoxia in South China ppE5-E6
Shao-Yong Jiang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08048
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=329&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=336&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Wille et al. reply pE6
Martin Wille et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08049
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=102&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys pp796-801
Peng Guo et al.
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) are used for antigen
recognition in jawless vertebrates. Distinctive gene expression
profiles for VLRA+ and VLRB+ lymphocytes in lampreys are now shown
to resemble those of mammalian T and B cells, offering insight into
the evolution of adaptive immunity.
doi:10.1038/nature08068
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation regulates cellular lifespan
pp802-807
Yeast Sir2 deacetylates histone H4 lysine 16 and is known to have a
role in ageing, but the exact mechanism is not known. Here, an
age-associated decrease in Sir2 abundance is shown to be
accompanied by an increase in H4 lysine 16 acetylation and loss of
histones in replicatively old yeast cells, resulting in compromised
transcriptional silencing.
Weiwei Dang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08085
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Flipping of alkylated DNA damage bridges base and nucleotide
excision repair pp808-813
A class of enzymes known as alkyltransferase-like proteins (ATLs)
can protect against alkylation damage to DNA. To gain insight into
how this occurs, the structure of a yeast ATL has been solved in
the presence and absence of damaged DNA, revealing that ATL flips
the alkylated base out of the DNA helix, leaving the lesion to be
acted on by proteins of the nucleotide excision repair pathway.
Julie L. Tubbs et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08076
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Earth's transmission spectrum from lunar eclipse observations
pp814-816
Of the 342 planets so far discovered orbiting other stars, 58
'transit' the stellar disk; the light from the star passes through
the atmosphere of the planet, and in a few cases the basic
atmospheric composition of the planet can be estimated. The
transmission spectrum of our planet, obtained during a lunar
eclipse, is now reported, with implications for the search to find
analogues of Earth.
Enric Palle et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08050
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Existence of collisional trajectories of Mercury, Mars and Venus
with the Earth pp817-819
Here, numerical simulations of the evolution of the Solar System
over 5 Gyr, including contributions from the Moon and general
relativity, show that one per cent of solutions lead to a large
increase in Mercury's eccentricity—large enough to allow collisions
with Venus or the Sun. In one of these high eccentricity solutions,
a subsequent decrease of Mercury's eccentricity leads to a
destabilization of all the terrestrial planets about 3.34 Gyr from
now, with possible collisions of Mercury, Mars or Venus with the
Earth.
J. Laskar and M. Gastineau
doi:10.1038/nature08096
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=371&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Direct observation of a widely tunable bandgap in bilayer graphene
pp820-823
The ability to electrically control the bandgap, a fundamental
property of semiconductors and insulators that determines electrical
and optical response, is highly desirable for device design and
functionality. Experiments now demonstrate versatile control of the
bandgap in bilayer graphene-based devices by use of electric fields.
Yuanbo Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08105
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=373&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=347&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Total synthesis of eudesmane terpenes by site-selective C-H
oxidations pp824-828
Although organic chemists often devise synthetic routes for
molecules by mimicking enzyme reactions, such syntheses generally
target individual compounds; here, a strategy is reported that
targets a whole family of compounds. The approach mimics the
biosynthesis of terpenes to efficiently prepare five compounds from
the eudesmane family of terpenes, and provides a framework for the
synthesis of other such compounds.
Ke Chen and Phil S. Baran
doi:10.1038/nature08043
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=356&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=331&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
The proportionality of global warming to cumulative carbon emissions
pp829-832
Climate sensitivity models may inaccurately characterize the full
Earth system response, as they ignore changes in the carbon cycle,
aerosols, land use and land cover. A combination of a simplified
climate model, a range of simulations from a recent model
intercomparison and historical constraints now show that,
independent of the timing of emissions or the atmospheric
concentration of CO2, emitting a trillion tonnes of carbon will
cause global warming of 1.0 to 2.1 degrees Celsius.
H. Damon Matthews, Nathan P. Gillett, Peter A. Stott and Kirsten Zickfeld
doi:10.1038/nature08047
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Slow earthquakes triggered by typhoons pp833-836
Large earthquakes have been observed to trigger other earthquakes
as teleseismic waves pass by the region, and microearthquake
activity has been shown to be modulated by seasonal atmospheric
pressure variations. It is now shown that, in eastern Taiwan, slow
earthquakes can be triggered by typhoons; lower pressure from the
passing of the typhoon is thought to result in a small unclamping
of the fault.
ChiChing Liu, Alan T. Linde and I. Selwyn Sacks
doi:10.1038/nature08042
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and
negative motivational signals pp837-841
The observation that midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by
reward, or sensory stimuli predicting reward, has led to the
hypothesis that they encode value-related signals and are inhibited
by aversive events. This is now shown to be true for only a subset
of dopamine neurons; by recording neuronal activity in monkeys,
dopamine neurons are found to be more heterogeneous than this model
would suggest.
Masayuki Matsumoto and Okihide Hikosaka
doi:10.1038/nature08028
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Specificity of sensory-motor connections encoded by Sema3e-Plxnd1
recognition pp842-846
Reflex circuits are specifically formed between sensory and motor
neurons based on the class of sensory cell and the muscle type
innervated by the motor neuron. Here, this fine synaptic specificity
is found to be mediated by selective expression of the class 3
semaphorin Sema3e and its high-affinity receptor plexin D1 (Plxnd1)
by specific motor and sensory neuron populations, respectively.
Eline Pecho-Vrieseling et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08000
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Haematopoietic malignancies caused by dysregulation of a
chromatin-binding PHD finger pp847-851
A chromosomal translocation found in certain acute myeloid leukaemia
(AML) patients results in fusion of the plant homeodomain (PHD)
finger of a chromatin-binding protein to a common fusion partner,
nucleoporin-98 (NUP98). By binding chromatin, the NUP98–PHD fusion
protein—found to be a potent oncoprotein that induces AML—apparently
locks developmentally important genes into an active state.
Gang G. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08036
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Polar gradients of the DYRK-family kinase Pom1 couple cell length
with the cell cycle pp852-856
Cells normally grow to a certain size before they enter mitosis and
divide, and entry into mitosis is known to be dependent on the
activity of Cdk1; however, how this is sensed remains unknown. Here,
and in an accompanying paper, it is shown that an intracellular
polar gradient of dual-specificity the tyrosine-phosphorylation
regulated kinase (DYRK) Pom1 relays size information to the Cdk1
inhibitor Wee1.
Sophie G. Martin and Martine Berthelot-Grosjean
doi:10.1038/nature08054
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A spatial gradient coordinates cell size and mitotic entry in
fission yeast pp857-860
Cells normally grow to a certain size before they enter mitosis and
divide, and entry into mitosis is known to be dependent on the
activity of Cdk1; however, how this is sensed remains unknown. Here,
and in an accompanying paper, it is shown that an intracellular
polar gradient of dual-specificity the tyrosine-phosphorylation
regulated kinase (DYRK) Pom1 relays size information to the Cdk1
inhibitor Wee1.
James B. Moseley, Adeline Mayeux, Anne Paoletti and Paul Nurse
doi:10.1038/nature08074
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chaperone-mediated pathway of proteasome regulatory particle
assembly pp861-865
The proteasome is a large proteolytic machine that degrades
ubiquitin-tagged proteins. Substrates are recognized and unfolded
by the regulatory particle (RP) and translocated into a central
proteolytic chamber, called the core particle (CP), where
degradation takes place. Here, and in a complimentary study, the
pathway of RP assembly is elucidated, demonstrating that RP
assembly is a highly orchestrated process.
Jeroen Roelofs et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08063
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hexameric assembly of the proteasomal ATPases is templated through
their C termini pp866-870
The proteasome is a large proteolytic machine that degrades
ubiquitin-tagged proteins. Substrates are recognized and unfolded
by the regulatory particle (RP) and translocated into a central
proteolytic chamber, called the core particle (CP), where
degradation takes place. Here, and in a complimentary study, the
pathway of RP assembly is elucidated, demonstrating that RP
assembly is a highly orchestrated process.
Soyeon Park et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08065
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
An unusual carbon-carbon bond cleavage reaction during
phosphinothricin biosynthesis pp871-874
The biosynthesis of the naturally occurring compound
phosphinothricin tripeptide (PTT) involves the conversion of
2-hydroxyethylphosphonate (HEP) to hydroxymethylphosphonate (HMP).
This requires the cleavage of a C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond. Here, the X-ray
crystal structure of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction
(hydroxyethylphosphonate dioxygenase, HEPD) is solved, and the
mechanism of this remarkable transformation is explored.
Robert M. Cicchillo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07972
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Post-PhD in an economic downturn p876
Despite the gloom, this isn't a bad time to begin a scientific
career. Keep your nerve, Bart Noordam and Patricia Gosling advise.
Bart Noordam & Patricia Gosling
doi:10.1038/nj7248-876a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers Q&A
Q&A p877
Blinded in 1984, geographer Reginald Golledge was this year named
Faculty Research Lecturer by the University of California, Santa
Barbara.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7248-877a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Personal peer review p877
I want to hear that I have a job and that my manuscript's been
accepted.
Bryan Venters
doi:10.1038/nj7248-877b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Stem cells in Maryland p877
Lab techs at a new Maryland facility will work on adult-derived
stem-cell therapies.
doi:10.1038/nj7248-877c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nuclear revival p877
The promise of a nuclear renaissance has driven an increase in
nuclear engineering degrees.
doi:10.1038/nj7248-877d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Minority health concern p877
Pilot research grant aims to boost diversity of US biomedical
workforce.
doi:10.1038/nj7248-877e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Timed release p880
Clean thoughts.
David Marusek
doi:10.1038/459880a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
10 June 2009
Cyclic AMP intoxication of macrophages by a Mycobacterium
tuberculosis adenylate cyclase
Nisheeth Agarwal et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08123
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bone-marrow adipocytes as negative regulators of the haematopoietic
microenvironment
Olaia Naveiras et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08099
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
07 June 2009
A soma-to-germline transformation in long-lived Caenorhabditis
elegans mutants
Sean P. Curran, Xiaoyun Wu, Christian G. Riedel and Gary Ruvkun
doi:10.1038/nature08106
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=333&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=352&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
A mechanism linking extra centrosomes to chromosomal instability
Neil J. Ganem, Susana A. Godinho and David Pellman
doi:10.1038/nature08136
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=346&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Subcellular homeostasis of phytohormone auxin is mediated by the
ER-localized PIN5 transporter
Jozef Mravec et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08066
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neural mechanisms of rapid natural scene categorization in human
visual cortex
Marius V. Peelen, Li Fei-Fei and Sabine Kastner
doi:10.1038/nature08103
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=33397183&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTEyMDU4MzkS1&mt=1&rt=0
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