June 2009 Volume 10 Number 6, pp 553 - 665
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EDITORIAL
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For authors p553
Nature Publishing Group has established new responsibilities for
authors and has introduced changes in reporting methodology.
doi:10.1038/ni0609-553
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ESSAY
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From IFN to TNF: a journey into realms of lore pp555 - 557
Jan Vilcek relates how his work helped to identify some of the
pleiotropic actions of tumor necrosis factor and contributed to
the development of infliximab, the first medically useful tumor
necrosis factor antagonist.
Jan Vilcek
doi:10.1038/ni0609-555
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COMMENTARY
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Harvard's women four years later pp559 - 561
How have women fared at Harvard since the events of four years ago?
Here, Judy Lieberman and Laurie Glimcher reflect on progress made
and barriers still to be breached.
Laurie H Glimcher and Judy Lieberman
doi:10.1038/ni0609-559
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Hybrid Treg cells: steel frames and plastic exteriors pp563 - 564
Regulatory T cells have the remarkable ability to suppress immune
responses driven by different types of effector T cells. Two recent
studies, documenting important functions for T-bet and IRF4 in
regulatory T cells, demonstrate that this ability requires the
expression of transcription factors typically associated with
effector T cell function.
Michael J Barnes and Fiona Powrie
doi:10.1038/ni0609-563
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Treg cells meet their limit pp565 - 566
T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-transgenic models have been enormously
influential in studies of T cell development in the thymus,
particularly in terms of positive and negative selection. New
transgenic mice produced with TCR genes cloned from regulatory T
cells show that TCR specificity does 'instruct' regulatory T cell
fate, within limits.
Kristin A Hogquist and Amy E Moran
doi:10.1038/ni0609-565
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Antigen-processing and presentation pathways select antigenic HIV
peptides in the fight against viral evolution pp566 - 568
The evolution of immunodominant epitopes in HIV-1 Gag proteins
correlates with quantitative measures of several antigen processing
events. Thus, peptides recognized by CD8+ cytolytic T cells are
selected by their ability to pass through the antigen processing
pathway, as well as by their binding to HLA molecules.
David H Margulies
doi:10.1038/ni0609-566
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IL-17A directly inhibits TH1 cells and thereby suppresses
development of intestinal inflammation pp568 - 570
T helper type 1 cells (TH1 cells) serve a dominant function in T
cell-mediated colitis. New work reports that interleukin 17A, an
effector cytokine required for the development of autoimmune tissue
inflammation, directly inhibits TH1 development by suppressing the
expression of key TH1-associated genes and therefore regulates TH1
cell-mediated colitis.
Amit Awasthi and Vijay K Kuchroo
doi:10.1038/ni0609-568
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research Highlights p571
doi:10.1038/ni0609-571
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PERSPECTIVE
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HIV-1 and influenza antibodies: seeing antigens in new ways
pp573 - 578
Peter D Kwong and Ian A Wilson
doi:10.1038/ni.1746
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the
adaptor MyD88-independent TLR4 pathway pp579 - 586
Toll-like receptor signaling must be carefully regulated to avoid
excessive inflammation. O'Neill and colleagues identify a splice
variant of the adaptor TRAM that negatively regulates
MyD88-independent pathway activated by Toll-like receptor 4.
Eva M Palsson-McDermott et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1727
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=9&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bacterial recognition by TLR7 in the lysosomes of conventional
dendritic cells pp587 - 594
How and where bacterial recognition triggers the induction of type
I interferon is unclear. Teti and colleagues show that phagosomal
bacteria trigger Toll-like receptor 7-dependent interferon production
in lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells.
Giuseppe Mancuso et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1733
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis
and function during type 1 inflammation pp595 - 602
Several subsets of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are known to exist.
Campbell and colleagues show that one subset of regulatory T cells
requires the transcription factor T-bet during T helper type
1-mediated immune responses in vivo.
Meghan A Koch et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1731
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell-mediated
intestinal inflammation pp603 - 609
The function of interleukin 17 in the pathogenesis of chronic
inflammatory disorders is controversial. Flavell and colleagues
now demonstrate that interleukin 17A mediates a protective effect
on T cell[mdash]driven intestinal inflammation in vivo.
William O'Connor Jr et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1736
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Intraclonal competition limits the fate determination of regulatory
T cells in the thymus pp610 - 617
The function of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity in thymic
regulatory T cell development is controversial. Hsieh and colleagues
show that this development is a 'TCR-instructive' process that depends
on a small selecting niche
Jhoanne L Bautista et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1739
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=25&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transcription factor ELF4 controls the proliferation and homing of
CD8+ T cells via the Kruppel-like factors KLF4 and KLF2 pp618 - 626
The transcription factor ELF4 controls hematopoietic stem cell
quiescence. Lacorazza and colleagues show that ELF4 is also needed
to maintain the quiescence of naive T cells during steady-state
conditions and after antigen stimulation.
Takeshi Yamada, Chun Shik Park, Maksim Mamonkin and H Daniel Lacorazza
doi:10.1038/ni.1730
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the
microtubule-organizing center in T cells pp627 - 635
The reorientation of the T cell microtubule-organizing center toward
the antigen-presenting cell enables the directional secretion of
cytokines and lytic factors. Huse and colleagues show that this
process depends on diacylglycerol.
Emily J Quann, Ernesto Merino, Toshiaki Furuta and Morgan Huse
doi:10.1038/ni.1734
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=11&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte
immunodominance pp636 - 646
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a restricted set of immunodominant
HIV peptide epitopes. Iversen and colleagues show that the cleavage
and abundance of HIV peptides are influenced by intraepitope as well
as flanking virus escape mutations.
Stefan Tenzer et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1728
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Development of immunoglobulin lambda-chain-positive B cells, but
not editing of immunoglobulin kappa-chain, depends on NF-kappa B
signals pp647 - 654
How transcription factor NF-kappa B influences B cell development
remains enigmatic. Rajewsky and colleagues show that NF-kappa B
activation driven by the kinase IKK is required for the generation
of B cells expressing immunoglobulin-lambda but not
immunoglobulin-kappa light chains.
Emmanuel Derudder et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1732
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
RAG-1 and ATM coordinate monoallelic recombination and nuclear
positioning of immunoglobulin loci pp655 - 664
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements occur in an organized, temporal
way. Skok and colleagues show that immunoglobulin alleles 'pair' to
coordinate cleavage and allelic availability.
Susannah L Hewitt et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1735
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRIGENDA
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Corrigendum: Integration of cytokine and heterologous receptor
signaling pathways
Jelena S Bezbradica and Ruslan Medzhitov
doi:10.1038/ni0609-665a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
Corrigendum: Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major
infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector
function
Abdur Rub et al.
doi:10.1038/ni0609-665b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ERRATUM
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Erratum: The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of
interleukin 10 and immune tolerance
Alejandro Villagra et al.
doi:10.1038/ni0609-665c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=32995550&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDk2ODQ5MDgS1&mt=1&rt=0
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