7 May 2009 Volume 459 Number 7243, pp 9-128
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FREE ARTICLE
Novel strategies for HIV therapy
Two research teams are proposing the use of known
compounds- the mild surfactant glycerol monolaurate
and a protein called griffithsin that could be scaled
up in tobacco- be used to block distinct steps in the
early stages of HIV infection. Both teams already have
commercial links but what challenges lay ahead?
Find out more by reading the first in-depth analysis of
the scientific and commercial potential of the work in
SciBX: Science-Business eXchange.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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THE FLORES SKELETON
Since the description in 2004 of Homo floresiensis, a
diminutive and tiny-brained species of human that lived
on the Indonesian island of Flores, debate has raged as
to whether she represents a distinct species.
Two papers in Nature this week substantiate the view that
H. floresiensis was a distinct species, though even
stranger than anyone had realized.
Click here to access the articles online.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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EDITORIALS
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Between a virus and a hard place p9
Complacency, not overreaction, is the greatest danger posed by the
flu pandemic. That's a message scientists would do well to help get
across.
doi:10.1038/459009a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Keep to the vision pp9-10
The United States should not try to keep its space shuttles flying
beyond 2010.
doi:10.1038/459009b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Doing good, 50 years on p10
Its attack on poverty and arrogance is what makes C. P. Snow's 'two
cultures' lecture relevant today.
doi:10.1038/459010a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=215&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Biology: Now hear this, or not p12
doi:10.1038/459012a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=6&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neurogenetics: Psychosis genes exposed p12
doi:10.1038/459012b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Virology: HIV at the gates p12
doi:10.1038/459012c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA repair: Chemo's modus operandi p12
doi:10.1038/459012d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Conservation: Reef repair p12
doi:10.1038/459012e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Conductors with a twist p13
doi:10.1038/459013a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cosmology: No ring or reason p13
doi:10.1038/459013b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Plant physiology: Gifts from grafts p13
doi:10.1038/459013c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: A virus laid bare p13
doi:10.1038/459013d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=318&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: The helix that delivers p13
doi:10.1038/459013e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=342&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p13
David Kirchman
doi:10.1038/459013f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=330&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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How severe will the flu outbreak be? pp14-15
Epidemiologists race to pin numbers on the global H1N1 spread.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/459014a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
China joins world-class synchrotron club pp16-17
Nation's costliest science facility is unveiled.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/459016a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Even big societies feel the pinch p17
American Chemical Society makes cutbacks to fight financial losses.
Emma Marris
doi:10.1038/459017a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscientists claim growing pains p19
Manufacturer denies that common lab feed can cause some neuron
cultures to fail.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/459019a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geologists suffer observatory glitches pp20-21
Flagship experiment on the San Andreas fault has been troubled
since last autumn.
Richard Monastersky
doi:10.1038/459020a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK scientists get funding ban reprieve p20
Serially unsuccessful applicants can still apply for grants.
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/459020b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hubble: the last hurrah p21
Telescope to receive final servicing mission.
doi:10.1038/459021a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Australia delays carbon reduction scheme p23
doi:10.1038/459023a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Data 'mishandling' stalls Down's syndrome test p23
doi:10.1038/459023b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Misconduct scandal hits German university p23
doi:10.1038/459023c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=306&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
South Korea re-enters human stem-cell research p23
doi:10.1038/459023d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biosecurity report cautious on strict researcher vetting p23
doi:10.1038/459023e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Obama revokes endangered species rule p23
doi:10.1038/459023f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Protein structures: Structures of desire pp24-27
What do protein crystallographers dream of? The eukaryotic ribosome,
the spliceosome, the nuclear-pore complex, the HIV trimer and almost
any transmembrane protein, finds Ananyo Bhattacharya.
Ananyo Bhattacharya
doi:10.1038/459024a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Enter the oxides pp28-30
Thin films of oxygen-bearing compounds could have myriad practical
applications, finds Joerg Heber, if a few problems can be overcome.
Joerg Heber
doi:10.1038/459028a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
The potential for water conflict is on the increase p31
Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz and Piotr Kowalczak
doi:10.1038/459031a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=110&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Increasing inequality is already making shortages worse p31
Thomas H. Meek and Laura A. Meek
doi:10.1038/459031b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=116&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Water is a source of cooperation rather than war p31
Uri Shamir, Stephen Grand and Nancy Grand
doi:10.1038/459031c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Dissecting The Two Cultures pp32-33
Fifty years ago today, Charles Percy Snow argued in an influential
lecture that the failure of science and the humanities to converse,
and the lack of scientists in positions of power, was disastrous
for society. In the first of three essays marking this anniversary,
Martin Kemp contends that the real enemy of understanding is not
these 'Two Cultures' but specialization in all disciplines.
Martin Kemp
doi:10.1038/459032a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science's new battle lines pp34-35
In the second of three essays on the 'Two Cultures', Georgina Ferry
detects that today's division lies between optimists and pessimists
rather than between scientific and literary intellectuals.
Georgina Ferry
doi:10.1038/459034a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Snow's portrait of science in politics pp36-39
Joanne Baker reviews Extract from Science and Government by
C. P. Snow
doi:10.1038/459036a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Palaeoanthropology: Homo floresiensis from head to toe pp41-42
Fossils of tiny ancient humans, found on the island of Flores, have
provoked much debate and speculation. Evidence that they are a real
species comes from analyses of the foot and also - more surprisingly
- of dwarf hippos.
Daniel E. Lieberman
doi:10.1038/459041a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p43
doi:10.1038/459043a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Galaxy connections pp43-44
A combined millimetre- and visible-light view of a forming cluster
of galaxies in the young Universe adds yet another piece to the
puzzle of how today's Universe of galaxies formed and evolved.
James Dunlop
doi:10.1038/459043b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Translation: Till termination us do part pp44-45
Translation of messenger RNA into protein is a complex and intricate
process involving several steps and many step-specific protein
factors. But one factor - eIF5A - seems to have a hand in every
step.
William Merrick
doi:10.1038/459044a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mechanochemistry: Polymers react to stress pp45-46
The latest polymers are chameleon-like: they change colour on
deformation. The transduction mechanism underpinning this effect
could be used to make polymers that respond in many other ways to
mechanical stress.
Christoph Weder
doi:10.1038/459045a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Arrest by ribosome pp46-47
Impaired assembly of cells' protein-synthesis factories, the
ribosomes, can cause cell-cycle arrest and disease. This finding
emphasizes the close link between cell proliferation and ribosome
formation.
Sebastien Ferreira-Cerca and Ed Hurt
doi:10.1038/459046a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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REVIEW
----------------------
The formation of the first stars and galaxies pp49-54
The remaining frontier in understanding the early Universe is the
formation of the first stars, galaxies and massive black holes. The
interplay of theory and upcoming observations promises to answer key
open questions in this emerging field.
Volker Bromm, Naoki Yoshida, Lars Hernquist and Christopher F. McKee
doi:10.1038/nature07990
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=317&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=208&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ARTICLE
----------------------
HDAC2 negatively regulates memory formation and synaptic plasticity
pp55-60
Histone acetylation has been implicated in learning and memory.
Neuron-specific overexpression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2),
but not HDAC1, is shown to decrease memory formation in a rodent
model. This encourages development and testing of HDAC2-selective
inhibitors for human diseases associated with memory impairment.
Ji-Song Guan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07925
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=221&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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----------------------
LETTERS
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Spatial correlation between submillimetre and Lyman-[agr] galaxies
in the SSA 22 protocluster pp61-63
Young, star-forming galaxies can be characterized by their strong
Lyman-[alpha] emission. An overdensity of such a population in one
region of the sky is believed to mark a forming proto-cluster. An
enhancement of submillimetre galaxies near the core of this
proto-cluster, and a large-scale correlation between the
submillimetre galaxies and the low-mass Lyman-a emitters suggests
synchronous formation of the two different types of star-forming
galaxies.
Yoichi Tamura et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07947
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A large iron isotope effect in SmFeAsO1 - xFx and Ba1 - xKxFe2As2
pp64-67
The recent discovery of superconductivity in oxypnictides with the
critical transition temperature (TC) higher than 39 K has generated
great interest in the underlying mechanism. The effects of oxygen
and iron isotope substitution on the critical and spin-density wave
transition temperatures indicate that electron-phonon interaction
plays some role in the superconducting mechanism, but a simple
electron-phonon coupling mechanism seems unlikely because a strong
magnon-phonon coupling is included.
R. H. Liu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07981
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Force-induced activation of covalent bonds in mechanoresponsive
polymeric materials pp68-72
Exposing synthetic materials to large stresses tends to result in
simple failure, unlike many biological systems, which respond by
enabling physiological processes such as hearing and balance. But by
incorporating a chemical group that responds to mechanical stress by
changing its colour, it is possible to monitor the accumulation of
plastic deformation directly in a synthetic polymer. This principle
could be used to design synthetic materials with desirable
functionalities ranging from damage sensing to fully regenerative
self-healing.
Douglas A. Davis et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07970
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Self-assembly of a nanoscale DNA box with a controllable lid
pp73-76
By exploiting the unique structural motifs and self-recognition
properties of DNA, it is possible to generate self-assembled DNA
nanostructures of specific shapes. Here, a previously described DNA
'origami' method has been extended into three dimensions to create
an addressable DNA box on the nanometre scale that can be opened by
an externally supplied DNA key'.
Ebbe S. Andersen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07971
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Upper-mantle volatile chemistry at Oldoinyo Lengai volcano and the
origin of carbonatites pp77-80
Carbonatite lavas are unusual because they contain over 50%
carbonate minerals and almost no silicate. Volcanic gases captured
from Oldoinyo Lengai in northern Tanzania, which is the only
currently active volcano to produce such lavas, are shown to be
indistinguishable from those emitted along mid-ocean ridges.
Oldoinyo Lengai is far removed from oceanic spreading centres, so
this suggests that a globally homogeneous reservoir exists in the
upper mantle and supplies volatiles to both mid-ocean ridges and
continental rifts.
T. P. Fischer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07977
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The foot of Homo floresiensis pp81-84
The 'hobbit', Homo floresiensis, was a species of diminutive hominin
that lived on the island of Flores in Indonesia until around 14,000
years ago. Analysis of the legs and feet of the partial skeleton of
the type specimen (LB1) shows some ape-like features which suggest
an origin not from Homo erectus but rather some other, more
primitive, hominin whose dispersal into southeast Asia is still
undocumented.
W. L. Jungers et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07989
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Insular dwarfism in hippos and a model for brain size reduction in
Homo floresiensis pp85-88
Body size reduction in mammals is accompanied by only a moderate
reduction in brain size, so that the brains of dwarfs are
proportionately larger than those of giants. Here, the brains of
extinct dwarf hippos from the island of Madagascar are shown to be
disproportionately very much smaller than those of their closest
mainland relatives. If this trend no longer holds true on islands,
it may explain the exceptionally small brain size of the diminutive
hominin, Homo floresiensis.
Eleanor M. Weston and Adrian M. Lister
doi:10.1038/nature07922
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Decision-related activity in sensory neurons reflects more than a
neuron's causal effect pp89-92
The ability of sensory neurons to predict an animal's upcoming
decision has generated enormous interest over the last 10 years,
with the proposal being that the activity of these neurons causes
the appropriate decision to be made. Measuring neuronal tuning
curves and perceptual decisions in a visual discrimination task in
macaque monkeys, decision making was found to change the responses
in sensory neurons in a 'top-down' manner, consistent with the
effects of attention, thus indicating that this model is too
simplistic.
Hendrikje Nienborg and Bruce G. Cumming
doi:10.1038/nature07821
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Compound vesicle fusion increases quantal size and potentiates
synaptic transmission
Synaptic transmission is believed to function through the fusion of
one synaptic vesicle with the plasma membrane at a time, but here
the fusion of synaptic vesicles with themselves before release of
giant vesicles at a central synapse is described.
Liming He et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07860
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fused has evolved divergent roles in vertebrate Hedgehog signalling
and motile ciliogenesis pp98-102
Hedgehog signalling is important in development and disease; Fused
is required for Hedgehog signalling in Drosophila but not in mice.
Here it is shown how the function of Fused has evolved by studying
its role in zebrafish relative to mice, providing insight into the
evolution of the Hedgehog signalling cascade.
Christopher W. Wilson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07883
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Haematopoietic stem cells depend on G[agr]s-mediated signalling to
engraft bone marrow pp103-107
The guanine-nucleotide-binding protein stimulatory [alpha] subunit
(G[alpha]s) is necessary for the homing and engraftment of
haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to bone marrow, as
demonstrated by its disruption in adult mice deficient in G[alpha]s.
Conversely, pharmacological activators of G[alpha]s enhance homing
and engraftment in vivo, suggesting a potential pharmacological
target to improve transplantation efficiency.
Gregor B. Adams et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07859
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Histone modifications at human enhancers reflect global
cell-type-specific gene expression pp108-112
By generating maps of histone modifications at promoters and
enhancers in several different human cell lines, it has been
possible to determine that although modification patterns at
promoters are largely invariant between cell types, the patterns
at most enhancers are specific to a single cell type and correlate
well with cell-type-specific gene expression.
Nathaniel D. Heintzman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07829
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
CBP/p300-mediated acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 56 pp113-117
Acetylation within the globular core domain of histone H3 on lysine
56 (H3K56) has been shown to have a critical role in packaging DNA
into chromatin during DNA replication and repair in budding yeast,
but has not been studied in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, the
identification of multiple proteins regulating the levels of H3K56
acetylation in Drosophila and human cells allows future studies of
this critical histone modulation which is implicated in cancer.
Chandrima Das, M. Scott Lucia, Kirk C. Hansen and Jessica K. Tyler
doi:10.1038/nature07861
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hypusine-containing protein eIF5A promotes translation elongation
pp118-121
Various factors associate with the ribosome to assist in initiation,
elongation and termination of translation. Only two universal
factors for elongation have previously been identified; here, a
factor previously thought to be associated with the initiation
process, eIF5A, and which contains a rare amino acid, hypusine, is
found to have a central role in elongation.
Preeti Saini, Daniel E. Eyler, Rachel Green and Thomas E. Dever
doi:10.1038/nature08034
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDA
----------------------
Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of the Earth's crust and
implications for magmatism p122
Alan G. Whittington, Anne M. Hofmeister and Peter I. Nabelek
doi:10.1038/nature08037
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=336&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
New role of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in brown adipogenesis and
energy expenditure p122
Yu-Hua Tseng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08038
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=338&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
Going nuclear p124
Workforce shortages could slow the growth of an industry poised for
a comeback. Quirin Schiermeier reports.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/nj7243-124a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Ice blue p128
Escape from your cells.
Paula R. Stiles
doi:10.1038/459128a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=314&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
06 May 2009
Bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions
and block cell detachment
Minsoo Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07952
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=301&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Specificity of sensory-motor connections encoded by Sema3e-Plxnd1
recognition
Eline Pecho-Vrieseling et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08000
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genes that mediate breast cancer metastasis to the brain
Paula D. Bos et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08021
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
The structure of a cytolytic [agr]-helical toxin pore reveals its
assembly mechanism
Marcus Mueller et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08026
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
03 May 2009
Mutations of multiple genes cause deregulation of NF-[kgr]B in
diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Mara Compagno et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07968
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Frequent inactivation of A20 in B-cell lymphomas
Motohiro Kato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07969
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=213&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
De novo establishment of wild-type song culture in the zebra finch
Olga Feher et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07994
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
F-box protein FBXO31 mediates cyclin D1 degradation to induce G1
arrest after DNA damage
Manas K. Santra, Narendra Wajapeyee and Michael R. Green
doi:10.1038/nature08011
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=211&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Laboratory Investigation appoints its sixth Editor-in-Chief:
Gene P. Siegal, M.D., Ph.D.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=32891435&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDg1MTUxMjcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Dr. Siegal serves as Director of Anatomic Pathology at the
University of Alabama at Birmingham and is a world authority
on bone tumors. With newly appointed Senior Associate Editors
Drs. Brian Rubin and Robert W. Hardy, and Catherine Ketcham
continuing as Managing Editor, Dr. Siegal is committed to
building upon Laboratory Investigation?s strong standing as
one of the top ranked experimental pathology journals.
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