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World Stem Cell Summit 2010

Wednesday, May 27, 2009

Nature 28 May 2009 Volume 459 Number 7246 pp483-606

NATURE

28 May 2009 Volume 459 Number 7246, pp483-606

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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================

FREE ARTICLE
Faster activity-based protein binding screens

A team from The Scripps Research Institute has developed a high
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=====================================================================

----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Time to connect p483
Researchers who use genetically modified primates need to gear up
for the inevitable public debate.
doi:10.1038/459483a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=348&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Transparency needed pp483-484
Taxpayers deserve to know the cost of ITER, the international
fusion project they are paying for.
doi:10.1038/459483b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=374&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Media frenzy p484
A hyped-up fossil find highlights the potential dangers of
publicity machines.
doi:10.1038/459484a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=361&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Geology: Big volcano, tiny troubles p486
doi:10.1038/459486a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Nanomedicine: Dude, where's my dot? p486
doi:10.1038/459486b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Animal behaviour: Simian support networks p486
doi:10.1038/459486c
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Atom optics: Seeing spots p486
doi:10.1038/459486d
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Materials science: A material turnabout p486
doi:10.1038/459486e
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Genetics: A tippling gene pp486-487
doi:10.1038/459486f
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Oceanography: Arctic freshening p487
doi:10.1038/459487a
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Animal behaviour: Singing in the rain p487
doi:10.1038/459487b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Microbiology: Bacterial break-in p487
doi:10.1038/459487c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Developmental biology: Use it or lose it p487
doi:10.1038/459487d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p487
Maite Huarte
doi:10.1038/459487e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=58&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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NEWS
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Fusion dreams delayed pp488-489
International partners are likely to scale back the first version
of the ITER reactor. Geoff Brumfiel reports.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/459488a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Swine flu attention turns to the tropics pp490-491
New flu strains are more likely to arise in equatorial countries,
where influenza is present the year round and surveillance is poor.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/459490a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

North Korea's bigger blast p491
Monitors rush to confirm test of nuclear bomb.
Geoff Brumfiel and David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/459491a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Marmoset model takes centre stage p492
Newly created transgenic primate may become an alternative disease
model to rhesus macaques.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/459492a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

US climate legislation advances p492
Republican opposition fails to halt measures to tackle emissions.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/459493a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Former shuttle pilot nominated as NASA head p495
Charles Bolden lined up to take over space agency.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/459495a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=334&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Russia shifts stance on climate-change policy p496
doi:10.1038/459496a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

United States urged to boost global health funds p496
doi:10.1038/459496b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

UK geographers vote against large expeditions p496
doi:10.1038/459496c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Delays to satellite launches put GPS at risk p496
doi:10.1038/459496d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

John Maddox p496
doi:10.1038/459496e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Correction p496
doi:10.1038/459496f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

That fossil frenzy in full p496
doi:10.1038/459496g
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=345&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Correction p496
doi:10.1038/459496h
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=337&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Atmospheric chemistry: The man who smells forests pp498-499
Chemist Allen Goldstein has spent his career tracking elusive
compounds emitted by trees. Erik Vance joined him for a tour of the
woods.
Erik Vance
doi:10.1038/459498a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Emissions control pp500-502
Could hydrogen sulphide be the new nitric oxide? Katharine Sanderson
reports on the rotten-egg gas that is earning a reputation in human
physiology.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/459500a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Metamaterials: Ideal focus pp504-505
Before they were touted as invisibility cloaks, metamaterials
promised a perfect lens. Geoff Brumfiel reports on the struggle for
superior vision.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/459504a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Cognition: evolution does help to explain how minds work p506
Lewis Wolpert
doi:10.1038/459506a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Cognition: theories of mind in animals and humans p506
Sara J Shettleworth
doi:10.1038/459506b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=347&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

John Maddox and the Medical Research Council p506
James Gowans
doi:10.1038/459506c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
A change of strategy in the war on cancer pp508-509
Patients and politicians anxiously await and increasingly demand a
'cure' for cancer. But trying to control the disease may prove a
better plan than striving to cure it, says Robert A. Gatenby.
Robert A. Gatenby
doi:10.1038/459508a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
An Italian vision of a scientific Utopia pp510-511
A century ago, artists and writers from Italy imagined a world
governed by science and technology. But their vision of modernity
also glorified violence and misogyny, finds Ziauddin Sardar.
Ziauddin Sardar reviews Inventing Futurism: The Art and Politics
of Artificial Optimism by Christine Poggi
doi:10.1038/459510a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

A limited view of the future pp511-512
Michael A. Goldman reviews What's Next? Dispatches On the Future
of Science by Max Brockman
doi:10.1038/459511a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Galileo and the Pope pp512-513
Jay M. Pasachoff and Naomi Pasachoff review Two Men of Florence
by Richard N. Goodwin
doi:10.1038/459512a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Smells like green spirit p513
Roxanne Khamsi reviews Green Aria: A ScentOpera
doi:10.1038/459513a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Developmental biology: Transgenic primate offspring pp515-516
Genetically engineered monkeys carrying a foreign gene that is
passed on to their offspring provide a potentially valuable bridge
between mouse models of disease and treatment for human disorders.
Gerald Schatten and Shoukhrat Mitalipov
doi:10.1038/459515a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Quantum physics: Tailor-made quantum states pp516-517
The ability to produce arbitrarily superposed quantum states is a
prerequisite for creating a workable quantum computer. Such highly
complex states can now be generated on demand in superconducting
electronic circuitry.
Yasunobu Nakamura
doi:10.1038/459516a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Diabetes: A virus-gene collaboration pp518-519
Viral infection has long been implicated in the development of
type 1 diabetes. Fresh evidence shows how some rare genetic
variations might mediate a viral contribution to this autoimmune
disorder.
Matthias von Herrath
doi:10.1038/459518a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=217&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Animal behaviour: Birdsong normalized by culture pp519-520
Both birdsong and human language are learned, requiring complex
social input. New findings show, however, that bird populations
'seeded' with aberrant song input transform it to normal song in
a few generations.
W. Tecumseh Fitch
doi:10.1038/459519a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Earth science: Restoration of the noble gases pp520-521
The noble gases emitted from deep inside the Earth have been
sending mixed messages to those intent on deciphering them. A model
that promises to help clear up the confusion is now on offer.
Tim Elliott
doi:10.1038/459520a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Olfaction: Noses within noses pp521-522
The mammalian olfactory system does more than just detect food
odours and pheromones. The discovery of a novel class of olfactory
receptor provides evidence that mammals can also sniff out cell
damage and disease.
Steven D. Munger
doi:10.1038/459521a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
----------------------
Asteroids and andesites pE1
Richard Arculus, Ian H. Campbell, Scott M. McLennan and Stuart Ross Taylor
doi:10.1038/nature08077
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=341&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=350&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Day et al. reply pE2
J. M. D. Day et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08078
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================

Eppendorf Young European Investigator Award

Nature is the partner for the Eppendorf Young European Investigator
Award, which is presented to young scientists for outstanding
biomedical research based on methods of molecular biology.

Dr Simon Boulton won the award in 2008. Listen to Dr Boulton's
podcast and learn more about his award winning research
on Nature's Awards pages.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

The application deadline for 2009 is June 30th.
Apply online now at the Eppendorf website.
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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ARTICLES
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Generation of transgenic non-human primates with germline
transmission pp523-527
The common marmoset is an attractive candidate for transgenic
modification, and has potential as a non-human primate animal model
in biomedical research. Here, for the first time in non-human
primates, an integrated transgene is transmitted through the germ
line to the offspring, in which it continues to be expressed.
Erika Sasaki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08090
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum
disorders pp528-533
Although structural variation has been previously associated with
autism spectrum disorders, this study reports a genome-wide
significant association of common variants with susceptibility to
this disorder group. The results implicate neuronal cell-adhesion
molecules in the pathogenesis of this group of neurodevelopmental
and neuropsychiatric disorders.
Kai Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07999
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Hippocampal theta oscillations are travelling waves pp534-539
Theta oscillations are essential to temporal encoding in the
hippocampus; they clock hippocampal activity during awake behaviour
and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Although these 4-10-Hz
oscillations are widely believed to be synchronized throughout the
hippocampus, they are now demonstrated to form waves that travel
across the hippocampal circuit, making the organization of time in
the hippocampus similar to that on Earth[mdash]a progression of
local time zones.
Evgueniy V. Lubenov and Athanassios G. Siapas
doi:10.1038/nature08010
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Broad line emission from iron K- and L-shell transitions in the
active galaxy 1H 0707-495 pp540-542
Emission arising from a transition of an electron from the iron K
shell to the ground state (the K line) is prominent in the
reflection spectrum created by the hard X-ray continuum irradiating
the dense accreting matter around a black hole. Here the presence
of both iron K and L emission is reported in the spectrum of the
active galaxy 1H 0707-495. There is a 'reverberation lag' with a
timescale comparable to the light-crossing time of the innermost
radii around a supermassive black hole.
A. C. Fabian et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08007
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=143&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b pp543-545
Hot Jupiters are a class of extrasolar planet that orbit their
parent stars at very short distances and are expected to be tidally
locked, which can lead to a large temperature difference between
the dayside and the nightside. Here, the day-night contrast of the
transiting extrasolar planet HD 188733b is 'mapped' using infrared
observations; the data are consistent with the nightside hemisphere
being entirely black, with the dayside flux dominating the optical
phase curve.
Ignas A. G. Snellen, Ernst J. W. de Mooij and Simon Albrecht
doi:10.1038/nature08045
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Synthesizing arbitrary quantum states in a superconducting resonator
pp546-549
The superposition principle is a fundamental tenet of quantum
mechanics, allowing a quantum system to be 'in two places at the
same time'. Here, the preparation and measurement of arbitrary
quantum states in an electromagnetic resonator is demonstrated;
states with different numbers of photons are superposed in a
completely controlled and deterministic manner.
Max Hofheinz et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08005
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

A picogram- and nanometre-scale photonic-crystal optomechanical
cavity pp550-555
The fact that photons of light carry momentum and can therefore
exert mechanical force is not just an academic curiosity; such
forces have already been harnessed for a variety of applications.
Here, an extreme optomechanical regime is created using a system of
simple photonic structures engineered in such a way that light and
mechanical energy are localized in a tiny volume on a silicon chip,
so that the mechanical rigidity of the resulting structure is
dominated by the optical forces.
Matt Eichenfield et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08061
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

The effect of permafrost thaw on old carbon release and net carbon
exchange from tundra pp556-559
Permafrost thaw and microbial decomposition is considered one of the
most likely positive climate feedbacks from terrestrial ecosystems
to the atmosphere in a warmer world, but the rate of carbon release
from permafrost soil remains highly uncertain. Here, net ecosystem
carbon exchange is measured in a tundra landscape undergoing
permafrost thaw to determine the influence of old carbon loss on
ecosystem carbon balance. The results reveal significant losses of
soil carbon over decadal time scales, overwhelming the increased
carbon uptake from plants.
Edward A. G. Schuur et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08031
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=168&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=367&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Preserving noble gases in a convecting mantle pp560-563
An essentially undegassed mantle reservoir is thought to be required
to balance the Earth's 40Ar budget and an undegassed lower mantle
reservoir is traditionally believed to be responsible for the high
3He/4He ratios sampled at many ocean islands. On the other hand,
geophysical and geochemical observations suggest slab subduction
into the lower mantle; the subsequent process of partial melting
over the history of the Earth would leave noble gases in both upper
and lower mantle extensively outgassed. A simple solution to this
contradiction is now proposed, which lies in the recycling and
mixing of noble-gas-depleted slabs.
Helge M. Gonnermann and Sujoy Mukhopadhyay
doi:10.1038/nature08018
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=369&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=343&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

De novo establishment of wild-type song culture in the zebra finch
pp564-568
Although culture is often considered to be passed on through social
learning, there are species-typical constraints to cultural
diversity that could have genetic origins. By studying the
establishment of socially learned birdsong in an island colony of
naive zebra finches with a song much different from wild type, it
is now revealed that over as few as 3-4 generations the tutored
song approaches that of the wild type. Thus, species-typical song
culture can develop de novo, giving insight into language change
and evolution in humans.
Olga Feher et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07994
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=353&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=328&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and
neuronal genes pp569-573
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by impairments in social and communication skills.
Accumulating evidence suggests a genetic component to ASDs, and
here a two-stage, genome-wide approach is used to identify
candidate genomic loci enriched in ASD cases. The majority of these
loci are found to be involved in neuronal adhesion and ubiquitin
degradation, suggesting novel susceptibility mechanisms.
Joseph T. Glessner et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07953
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=311&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=315&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Formyl peptide receptor-like proteins are a novel family of
vomeronasal chemosensors pp574-577
Two different G-protein-coupled receptor families are known to
mediate pheromonal cues in the mammalian vomeronasal organ. Here,
members of a third family of receptors, the formyl peptide
receptor-related gene family (FPRs), are shown to be expressed in
the vomeronasal epithelium, with those cells expressing FPRs
responding to ligands associated with disease and inflammation.
This raises the possibility that FPRs detect the health status of
individuals.
Stephane Riviere et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08029
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions
and block cell detachment pp578-582
The rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells
provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. The
Shigella virulence factor OspE, which is highly conserved among
some other enteropathogenic bacteria, is now shown to target host
intergrin-linked kinase, enhancing host cell adherence and thereby
preventing the detachment of infected cells.
Minsoo Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07952
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

A regulated auxin minimum is required for seed dispersal in
Arabidopsis pp583-586
The fruits of Arabidopsis thaliana split open (dehisce) along the
valve margins, leading to seed dispersal. A transcription factor
called INDEHISCENT (IND) is known to be important for
differentiation of valve margin cells by an unknown mechanism.
IND is now shown to be responsible for the formation of a local
auxin minimum, necessary for specification of cells in the
dehiscence zone.
Karim Sorefan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07875
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=167&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Genetic analysis of radiation-induced changes in human gene
expression pp587-591
Humans are exposed to cell-damaging radiation from environmental
and medical sources, causing cells to mount complex responses that
rely on modifying gene expression. The regulators responsible for
this are now mapped through genetic linkage and association
studies, using radiation-induced changes in gene expression as
quantitative traits and providing new insight into the architecture
of gene expression regulation in response to stress.
Denis A. Smirnov et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07940
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Irreversibility of mitotic exit is the consequence of systems-level
feedback pp592-595
The eukaryotic cell cycle comprises an ordered series of events
orchestrated by cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), with unidirectional
cell-cycle transitions being required for its successful completion.
Proteolytic degradation of cyclins has been assumed to be
responsible for the irreversible transitions, but here it is shown
that, although forced cyclin degradation can drive mitotic exit,
the re-synthesis of cyclin means that this is not sufficient for
irreversibility. Rather, mitotic exit only become irreversible
after activation of a double-negative feedback loop.
Sandra Lopez-Aviles, Orsolya Kapuy, Bela Novak and Frank Uhlmann
doi:10.1038/nature07984
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

NAADP mobilizes calcium from acidic organelles through two-pore
channels pp596-600
Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores represents an important
cell signalling process that is regulated, in mammalian cells, by
inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), cyclic ADP ribose and
nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). While the
nature of the receptors for InsP3 and cyclic ADP ribose are known,
here the lysosomal two-pore channel, TPC2, is shown to be the
molecular target of NAADP.
Peter J. Calcraft et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08030
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Do women have less success in peer review? p602
An extensive collaborative analysis concludes that the perception
is unwarranted, say Herbert Marsh and Lutz Bornmann.
Herbert Marsh & Lutz Bornmann
doi:10.1038/nj7246-602a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

News
Australian budget bolsters innovation p602
Australia is investing Aus$8.6 billion in science and innovation.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7246-602b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Careers Q&A
Cherry Murray, Harvard University p603
Cherry Murray, soon to be dean of the School of Engineering and
Applied Sciences at Harvard University, discusses 'Renaissance
engineers'.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7246-603a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Postdoc journal
Postdoc, you'd better network! p603
Schmooze to the left, mingle to the right! I network it at a major
conference as I hunt for my elusive dream job.
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7246-603b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

In Brief
Supervising productivity p603
Women engineers at a Taiwanese manufacturer felt more productive
when they had a positive relationship with their supervisor.
doi:10.1038/nj7246-603c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

US to dominate biotech? p603
UK poll finds executives believe US will rule biotech again.
doi:10.1038/nj7246-603d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Connected universities p603
Study finds university science research boosts economic prosperity.
doi:10.1038/nj7246-603e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Not a chance p606
It just doesn't add up.
Peter Haff
doi:10.1038/459606a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
27 May 2009
Polar gradients of the DYRK-family kinase Pom1 couple cell length
with the cell cycle
Sophie G. Martin and Martine Berthelot-Grosjean
doi:10.1038/nature08054
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Dual nature of the adaptive immune system in lampreys
Peng Guo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08068
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Adaptation and the evolution of parasite virulence in a connected
world
Geoff Wild, Andy Gardner and Stuart A. West
doi:10.1038/nature08071
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

A spatial gradient coordinates cell size and mitotic entry in
fission yeast
James B. Moseley, Adeline Mayeux, Anne Paoletti and Paul Nurse
doi:10.1038/nature08074
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

Structural insight into the autoinhibition mechanism of
AMP-activated protein kinase
Lei Chen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08075
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

24 May 2009
Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida
genomes
Geraldine Butler et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08064
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=330&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=349&m=33229534&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NTAyNzA5OTIS1&mt=1&rt=0

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