21 May 2009 Volume 459 Number 7245, pp 299 - 472
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?E Strong materials: Twin strength
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?E Graphene: On the edge
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EDITORIALS
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The female underclass p299
Funding agencies and universities should collaborate to make the most
of women in research.
doi:10.1038/459299a
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Can coal be clean? pp299-300
New money must provide stimulus to get carbon capture and storage up
and running.
doi:10.1038/459299b
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Responsible interrogation p300
Psychologists have a moral duty to help prevent torture.
doi:10.1038/459300a
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Geology: Middle Ordovician orgy p302
doi:10.1038/459302a
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Genetics: Long-lasting without fasting p302
doi:10.1038/459302b
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Nanomaterials: Inked in p302
doi:10.1038/459302c
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Microbiology: Tag-teaming tuberculosis p302
doi:10.1038/459302d
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Climate: Cyclones take it higher p302
doi:10.1038/459302e
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Chemistry: Mini magnets pp302-303
doi:10.1038/459302f
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Evolution: Home-field advantage p303
doi:10.1038/459303a
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Neurogenetics: Protecting plasticity p303
doi:10.1038/459303b
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Ecology: Pollinators get a grip p303
doi:10.1038/459303c
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Cancer biology: Cancer cop back on the beat p303
doi:10.1038/459303d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p303
William C. Hwang
doi:10.1038/459303e
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NEWS
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Sunny outlook for Australian science pp304-305
Research programmes win big in budget, but critics say environment
is 'overlooked'.
Stephen Pincock
doi:10.1038/459304a
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Public donations to lift research p305
Website paves way for people power.
Mark Schrope
doi:10.1038/459305a
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Research from rubble pp306-307
University returns to work in makeshift lecture halls and
laboratories.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/459306a
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Elements reveal fossils' origins p307
Chemical fingerprint could foil poachers.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/459307a
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The planetary police pp308-309
Planetary scientists are looking for new ways to sterilize their
spacecraft, so that they won't be excluded from exploring interesting
places. Eric Hand reports.
doi:10.1038/459308a
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Alzheimer's theory makes a splash p310
Neuroscientists probe idea that neuronal pruning may contribute to
degenerative disorder.
Jim Schnabel
doi:10.1038/459310a
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Canadian charged with smuggling Ebola p311
doi:10.1038/459311a
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New York's health commissioner to head CDC p311
doi:10.1038/459311b
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Lawsuit targets validity of human-gene patents p311
doi:10.1038/459311c
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Re-election of Indian prime minister aids nuclear deal p311
doi:10.1038/459311d
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Austrian scientists celebrate CERN U-turn p311
doi:10.1038/459311e
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Astronauts complete Hubble repairs p311
doi:10.1038/459311f
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NEWS FEATURES
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Lighting Technology: Time to change the bulb pp312-314
The incandescent light bulb is being phased out, but what will
replace it? Stefano Tonzani investigates the technologies that
are vying for our sockets.
Stefano Tonzani
doi:10.1038/459312a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Origin of life: Nascence man pp316-319
Like an alchemist of yore, Mike Russell is taking basic elements and
trying to transform them — not into gold, but into the stirrings of
life, John Whitfield reports.
doi:10.1038/459316a
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CORRESPONDENCE
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OPINION
Calls to counter science scepticism are irrelevant in India p321
Lalit M. Kukreja
doi:10.1038/459321a
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Protecting the environment can boost the economy p321
Drew Shindell
doi:10.1038/459321b
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Time for China to restore its natural wetlands p321
Xubin Pan and Bin Wang
doi:10.1038/459321c
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Erasmus Darwin saw sexual selection before his grandson p321
C. U. M. Smith
doi:10.1038/459321d
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COMMENTARY
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OPINION
Pandemics: good hygiene is not enough pp322-323
The US government is doing well to communicate uncertainty over swine
flu. It must also help the public to visualize what a bad pandemic
might be like, says Peter M. Sandman.
doi:10.1038/459322a
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ESSAY
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OPINION
Pandemics: avoiding the mistakes of 1918 pp324-325
As bodies piled up, the United States' response to the 'Spanish flu'
was to tell the public that there was no cause for alarm. The
authority figures who glossed over the truth lost their credibility,
says John M. Barry.
doi:10.1038/459324a
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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OPINION
Paul Dirac: a physicist of few words pp326-327
A detailed biography argues that the Nobel prizewinner's notorious
reticence delayed experimentalists from discovering the antimatter
that would confirm his elegant theory, explains Frank Close.
Frank Close reviews The Strangest Man: The Hidden Life of
Paul Dirac by Graham Farmelo
doi:10.1038/459326a
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The end of the invasion? pp327-328
Emma Marris reviews Invasion Biology by Mark A. Davis
doi:10.1038/459327a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=184&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Paper ambassadors of science p328
Philip Parker of Britain's Royal Mail celebrates special stamps and his
new set for the 250th anniversary of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.
Philip Parker
doi:10.1038/459328a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: The exhibition designer p329
A pioneer of interactive museum installations, Edwin Schlossberg lets
young visitors experience science first hand, from launching a space
shuttle to seeing the world through an animal's eyes. As his
neuroscience-inspired paintings are shown this month in New York City,
he explains how he applies cognitive science to harness children's
curiosity.
Jascha Hoffman
doi:10.1038/459329a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Nanotechnology: Another dimension for DNA art pp331-332
Many of nature's intricate nanostructures self-assemble from subunits.
Efforts to mimic these assembly processes enter a new phase with a
method to design and build three-dimensional DNA nanostructures.
Thomas H. LaBean
doi:10.1038/459331a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Computation: The edge of reductionism pp332-334
Research at the frontier between computer science and physics
illustrates the shortcomings of the reductionist approach to
science, which explains macroscopic behaviour using microscopic
principles.
P.-M. Binder
doi:10.1038/459332a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p333
doi:10.1038/459333a
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Systems biology: When it is time to die pp334-335
Why do cells of the same population respond differently to external
death-inducing stimuli? Individuality seems to originate from
non-genetic differences in the levels and activation states of proteins.
Philippe Bastiaens
doi:10.1038/459334a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Earth science: Life battered but unbowed pp335-336
Early in its history, Earth experienced a pounding from extraterrestrial
impacts. But instead of sterilizing the planet, it allowed microbial
life to persist, according to numerical models of Earth's crust.
Lynn J. Rothschild
doi:10.1038/459335a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cancer: Melanoma troops massed pp336-337
In many cancers, regulation of specific signalling molecules goes
awry, affecting a host of other proteins and cellular processes.
Proteomics is a useful systemic approach for identifying such
extensive effects.
Paul H. Huang and Richard Marais
doi:10.1038/459336a
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Plant biotechnology: Zinc fingers on target pp337-338
The existing methods of creating genetically modified plants are
inefficient and imprecise. Zinc-finger technology offers the prospect
of opening up a swifter and more exact route for crop improvement.
Matthew H. Porteus
doi:10.1038/459337a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
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Obesity: Causes and control of excess body fat pp340-342
Obesity is a major health problem in developed countries and a growing
one in the developing world. It increases the risk of diabetes, heart
disease, fatty liver and some forms of cancer. A better understanding of
the biological basis of obesity should aid its prevention and treatment.
Jeffrey M. Friedman
doi:10.1038/459340a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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INSIGHT
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EDITORIAL
Membrane protein biophysics p343
Lesley Anson
doi:10.1038/459343a
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OVERVIEW ARTICLE
Biophysical dissection of membrane proteins pp344-346
Stephen H. White
doi:10.1038/nature08142
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=295&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=185&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
REVIEW ARTICLE
Unlocking the molecular secrets of sodium-coupled transporters pp347-355
Harini Krishnamurthy, Chayne L. Piscitelli and Eric Gouaux
doi:10.1038/nature08143
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
The structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors pp356-363
Daniel M. Rosenbaum, Soren G. F. Rasmussen and Brian K. Kobilka
doi:10.1038/nature08144
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=258&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Torque generation and elastic power transmission in the rotary FOF1-ATPase pp364-370
Wolfgang Junge, Hendrik Sielaff and Siegfried Engelbrecht
doi:10.1038/nature08145
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
How intramembrane proteases bury hydrolytic reactions in the membrane pp371-378
Elinor Erez, Deborah Fass and Eitan Bibi
doi:10.1038/nature08146
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=29&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=321&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Emerging roles for lipids in shaping membrane-protein function pp379-385
Rob Phillips, Tristan Ursell, Paul Wiggins and Pierre Sens
doi:10.1038/nature08147
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Bmi1 regulates mitochondrial function and the DNA damage response
pathway pp387-392
Mice deficient in the Polycomb repressor Bmi1 have a shortened lifespan
and develop numerous abnormalities including defects in stem cell
self-renewal and thymocyte maturation. Here it is demonstrated that
cells derived from Bmi1-/- mice also show a marked elevation in the
intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, corresponding to the
derepression of previously identified Polycomb target genes and
sufficient to engage the DNA damage response pathway.
Jie Liu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08040
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
The origin of the electrostatic perturbation in acetoacetate
decarboxylase pp393-397
In 1966, Frank Westheimer proposed that the large shift in the pKa of
a key lysine residue (Lys 115) in the active site of the enzyme
acetoacetate decarboxylase was because of the neighbouring charge of
another lysine reside (Lys 116); this is said to be a classic example
of enzymatic 'microenvironment effects'. Here, the X-ray crystal
structure of acetoacetate decarboxylase is solved, revealing that the
shift in pKa cannot be due to Lys 116 but is instead due to the
presence of a long hydrophobic funnel near Lys 115.
Meng-Chiao Ho, Jean-Francois Menetret, Hiro Tsuruta and Karen N. Allen
doi:10.1038/nature07938
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
Nature Insight Membrane Protein Biophysics
This Nature Insight presents a snapshot of the membrane protein
biophysics field by focusing on a varied selection of transporters,
transducers and enzymes of known structure. The Reviews discuss the
intriguing mechanisms by which these molecular machines function, as
well as the emerging role of lipids in these processes.
Access selected content free online
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LETTERS
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Non-radial oscillation modes with long lifetimes in giant stars pp398-400
Towards the end of their lives, stars like the Sun expand greatly to
become red giant stars that oscillate. Such evolved stars could provide
stringent tests of stellar theory through the analysis of radial and
non-radial stellar oscillations. Here, the presence of such oscillations
in more than 300 giant stars is reported, with mode lifetimes of some
of the giants in the order of a month.
Joris De Ridder et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08022
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stability against freezing of aqueous solutions on early Mars pp401-404
Many features of the Martian landscape are thought to have been formed
by liquid water flow. However, several lines of evidence suggest that
mean global temperatures on early Mars were well below the freezing
point of pure water. Here, the modelling of freezing and evaporation of
Martian fluids with a chemical composition resulting from the weathering
of basalts-as reflected in the chemical compositions found at Mars
landing sites-suggests that a significant fraction would remain
in the liquid state at temperatures well below 273 K.
Alberto G. Fairen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07978
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Breakdown of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer ground state at a quantum
phase transition pp405-409
Although quantum phase transitions are attracting increasing attention
as the conceptual link between conventional and exotic states of
quantum matter-having been implicated, for example, in the properties
of high-temperature superconductors-there are few model systems in
which they can be studied and understood. Now it is revealed that
placing simple elemental chromium under pressure suppresses its normal
magnetic state and gives direct experimental access to the underlying
quantum phase transition responsible for these changes.
R. Jaramillo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08008
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Five-dimensional optical recording mediated by surface plasmons in
gold nanorods pp410-413
By exploiting not only the three spatial dimensions but also other
ways to record information, it is theoretically possible to store
much more onto an optical device such as a DVD than has hitherto
been possible. Here, a five-dimensional optical recording technique
using polarization of light and its wavelength as the two additional
dimensions, is demonstrated. The method consists of using a substrate
of gold nanorods immersed in polymer.
Peter Zijlstra, James W. M. Chon and Min Gu
doi:10.1038/nature08053
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes pp414-418
DNA has proved to be a versatile building block in the creation of
complex structures through self-assembly, exploiting the intermolecular
forces between the components. Here, the arrangement of DNA helices on
pleated strands which are then assembled into honeycomb-like
three-dimensional structures, produces objects of unprecedented complexity.
Shawn M. Douglas et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08016
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=186&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbial habitability of the Hadean Earth during the late heavy
bombardment pp419-422
Diverse Solar System materials indicate that a cataclysmic spike
occurred in the number of impacts within the inner Solar System
about 3.9 billion years ago. Here, numerical models probe the
degree of thermal metamorphism there would have been during this
period in the Earth's crust, and thus how habitable the near- and
subsurface would have been for microbes; analysis shows no plausible
scenario in which the habitable zone was fully sterilized.
Oleg Abramov and Stephen J. Mojzsis
doi:10.1038/nature08015
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=252&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
PEP1 regulates perennial flowering in Arabis alpina pp423-427
The regulation of flowering is best understood in annual plants which
flower only once in their lifetime, whereas the repeated cycles of
growth and flowering in perennials have not been extensively studied.
The identification and study of the perpetual flowering 1 mutant of
the perennial Arabis alpina, now gives insight into the different
mechanisms of flowering regulation in perennial and annual species,
and suggests that patterns of chromatin modification may have a role.
Renhou Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07988
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-genetic origins of cell-to-cell variability in TRAIL-induced
apoptosis pp428-432
Noise in gene expression gives rise to cell-to-cell variability in
protein concentrations and is increasingly recognized as a key source
of non-genetic differences between cells. Through single cell imaging,
it has now been possible to demonstrate that pre-existing differences
in the levels of signalling proteins determine whether the addition of
an external death signal will kill a cell or not-and how fast. This
has implications for understanding 'fractional killing' of tumour
cells after chemotherapy, in which some but not all tumour cells die.
Sabrina L. Spencer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08012
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=111&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for anti-fungal
host defence pp433-436
Interleukin-1[beta] (IL-1[beta]) is a key pro-inflammatory factor in
innate antifungal immunity, but the mechanism by which the mammalian
immune system regulates IL-1[beta] production after fungal
recognition is unclear. Here it is demonstrated that the tyrosine
kinase Syk controls both pro-IL-1[beta] synthesis and Nlrp3
inflammasome activation after cell stimulation with Candida albicans.
Olaf Gross et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07965
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Precise genome modification in the crop species Zea mays using
zinc-finger nucleases pp437-441
Genetic engineering in plants remains laborious and time consuming,
with no precise genetic engineering methods comparable to those
available in animal models. A new approach that relies on the use
of designed zinc-finger nucleases is showcased here in maize,
inducing herbicide tolerance that is stably inherited.
Vipula K. Shukla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07992
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered
zinc-finger nucleases pp442-445
An efficient method for gene targeting in plants has been lacking
until now, frustrating efforts to engineer crop plants. Here it is
demonstrated that zinc-finger nucleases-enzymes engineered to
create DNA double-strand breaks at specific loci-can be used for gene
targeting, in this case inducing mutations that confer resistance to
herbicides in tobacco plants.
Jeffrey A. Townsend et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07845
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump at 2.4 A resolution pp446-450
The sodium-potassium ATPase is an ATP-powered ion pump that creates
concentration gradients for sodium and potassium ions across the
plasma membrane of animal cells, a process essential, for example,
in the action potentials of nerve cells. Here the crystal structure
of the sodium-potassium pump in the shark, which is highly homologous
to the human pump, is described.
Takehiro Shinoda, Haruo Ogawa, Flemming Cornelius and
Chikashi Toyoshima
doi:10.1038/nature07939
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Detection and trapping of intermediate states priming nicotinic receptor
channel opening pp451-454
The acetylcholine receptor, which mediates rapid synaptic transmission,
possesses two agonist binding sites, the occupation of which leads to
channel opening; however, the precise molecular events that follow
agonist binding are unclear. Here, the receptors are locked in
conformations equivalent to agonist-bound states, and it is observed
that each binding site initiates the formation of one of two 'primed'
states from which the channels are able to open and close.
Nuriya Mukhtasimova, Won Yong Lee, Hai-Long Wang and Steven M. Sine
doi:10.1038/nature07923
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=322&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=194&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
GlcNAcylation of a histone methyltransferase in retinoic-acid-induced
granulopoiesis pp455-459
The post-translational modifications of histone tails generate a
'histone code' that defines local and global chromatin states. Here
it is shown that nuclear GlcNAcylation of a histone lysine
methyltransferase, MLL5, by O-linked [beta]-N-acetylglucosamine
transferase, facilitates retinoic-acid-induced granulopoiesis.
Ryoji Fujiki et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07954
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
CtIP-BRCA1 modulates the choice of DNA double-strand-break repair
pathway throughout the cell cycle pp460-463
Cells have two main DNA repair pathways, homologous recombination
and end-joining, that are thought to function at different stages
of the cell cycle, but how the cell recognizes these stages and
switches its predominant repair pathway is not well known. The
protein CtIP is now shown to serve as a switch between these
pathways through a specific phosphorylation that recruits the
breast cancer susceptibility protein, BRCA1, which in turn directs
the cell to use homologous recombination.
Maximina H. Yun and Kevin Hiom
doi:10.1038/nature07955
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Careers and Recruitment
Ontario's attractive prospect p467
Investment may stem looming brain drain in Ontario.
Hannah Hoag
doi:10.1038/nj7245-467a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
Interdisciplinary images p467
A struggle with a definition.
Sam Walcott
doi:10.1038/nj7245-467b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Non-tenure on the rise p467
The proportion of US full-time and tenure-track faculty members at
US colleges is falling.
doi:10.1038/nj7245-467c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Winding up p467
Wind technology centre offers exciting opportunities.
doi:10.1038/nj7245-467d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=323&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Biotech funding rethink p467
The state of publicly traded biotech firms.
doi:10.1038/nj7245-467e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Special Report
Unmasking the impostor p468
Feelings of inadequacy in one's field sometimes plague even the most
accomplished scientists, especially women. Karen Kaplan analyses
this apparent phenomenon and its impact.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7245-468a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Final protocol p472
The seeds of doubt.
John Gilbey
doi:10.1038/459472a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=315&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
20 May 2009
The RNA-binding protein KSRP promotes the biogenesis of a subset of
microRNAs
Michele Trabucchi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08025
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Down/'s syndrome suppression of tumour growth and the role of the
calcineurin inhibitor DSCR1
Kwan-Hyuck Baek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08062
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=59&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cohesins form chromosomal cis-interactions at the developmentally
regulated IFNG locus
Suzana Hadjur et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08079
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Reconstitution of Rab- and SNARE-dependent membrane fusion by
synthetic endosomes
Takeshi Ohya et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08107
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
17 May 2009
Hippocampal theta oscillations are travelling waves
Evgueniy V. Lubenov and Athanassios G. Siapas
doi:10.1038/nature08010
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative
motivational signals
Masayuki Matsumoto and Okihide Hikosaka
doi:10.1038/nature08028
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
dUTP incorporation into genomic DNA is linked to transcription
in yeast
Nayun Kim and Sue Jinks-Robertson
doi:10.1038/nature08033
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
The Listeria transcriptional landscape from saprophytism to virulence
Alejandro Toledo-Arana et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08080
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=33076778&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk4MzI5NjUS1&mt=1&rt=0
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