14 May 2009 Volume 459 Number 7244, pp 139 - 290
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Prehistoric pin-up
Six fragments of carved ivory recovered from the Hohle Fels in
Germany represent the oldest figurative art yet discovered.
Dating to at least 35,000 years ago, the Venus has grotesquely
exaggerated sexual features and is 5,000 years older than
well-known 'Venuses' from the Gravettian culture.
Nicholas Conard and colleagues describe in Nature this week,
how they put the pieces together and realised the importance
of their discovery
Watch the video on nature.com.
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EDITORIALS
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Politics proves its worth p139
The European Parliament has reaffirmed its legislative value by
reversing the potentially disruptive restrictions in the draft
directive for protecting laboratory animals.
doi:10.1038/459139a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bracing for the unknown pp139-140
Last year's earthquake in China is a salutary reminder about
preparing for risk in the face of uncertainty.
doi:10.1038/459139b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=358&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A measure of marine life p140
The extraordinary emerging images of ocean microbiology need the
fourth dimension of time.
doi:10.1038/459140a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Migration: The long bask p142
doi:10.1038/459142a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Bouillabaisse p142
doi:10.1038/459142b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Strange star p142
doi:10.1038/459142c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum physics: Atomic painting p142
doi:10.1038/459142d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geosciences: The forever landscape p142
doi:10.1038/459142e
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Imaging: Seeing beyond skin deep pp142-143
doi:10.1038/459142f
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Materials: Everlasting memory p143
doi:10.1038/459143a
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Polymer chemistry: Doughnut machine p143
doi:10.1038/459143b
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Microbiology: On the surface p143
doi:10.1038/459143c
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Conservation: Amphibian additions p143
doi:10.1038/459143d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p143
Lee Turnpenny
doi:10.1038/459143e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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This Nature Insight provides a snapshot of today's research efforts
in the field of microbial oceanography. Access selected content free
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For more on this topic access selected content from Nature's
Microbial Genomics Web Focus free online.
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Don't forget to pick up a copy of the special microbiology themed
issue of Nature at the American Society for Microbiology in
Philadelphia, USA from the 17th May - 21st May 2009.
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NEWS
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Vaccine decisions loom for new flu strain pp144-145
World Health Organization considers live attenuated vaccines for
swine-associated H1N1 outbreak.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/459144a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Stem-cell therapy faces more scrutiny in China pp146-147
But regulations remain unclear for companies that supply treatments.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/459146a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Exome sequencing takes centre stage in cancer profiling pp146-147
Researchers question focus on coding regions.
Brendan Maher
doi:10.1038/459146b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Deep concerns pp148-149
The United States' flagship underground laboratory is running into
challenges over its relations with local Native Americans.
Rex Dalton reports.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/459148a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Austria quits CERN after 50 years p151
Physicists stunned by by government's plans.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/459151a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Social scientists join synthetic-biology centre p152
doi:10.1038/459152a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
South Africa's cabinet a mixed bag for science p152
doi:10.1038/459152b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=217&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
University fined after safety-failure lab death p152
doi:10.1038/459152c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Human space-flight review in US budget proposals p152
doi:10.1038/459152d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Japan to pay firms to relieve postdoc glut p152
doi:10.1038/459152e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=72&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quiet Sun enters new sunspot cycle p152
doi:10.1038/459152f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Seismology: The sleeping dragon pp153-157
The great Sichuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 caught Earth scientists
off guard. A year on, Alexandra Witze reports from the shattered
towns on how researchers have learned from their failures.
Alexandra Witze
doi:10.1038/459153a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=325&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Tinker, bacteria, eukaryote, spy pp159-161
Bacteria and their hosts may reside in different kingdoms, but that
doesn't stop them from intercepting each other's communications.
Asher Mullard reports.
doi:10.1038/459159a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=329&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Leading the tributes to editor John Maddox p163
David Davies
doi:10.1038/459163a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=192&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Water: conflicts set to arise within as well as between states p163
Ismail Serageldin
doi:10.1038/459163b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Water: resistance on the route towards a fair share for all p163
Mark Zeitoun
doi:10.1038/459163c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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Is free will an illusion? pp164-165
Scientists and philosophers are using new discoveries in
neuroscience to question the idea of free will. They are misguided,
says Martin Heisenberg. Examining animal behaviour shows how our
actions can be free.
Martin Heisenberg
doi:10.1038/459164a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
The otherness of the oceans pp166-167
As scientists discover more about the genomes of marine
microorganisms, new views of their physiology and ecosystem networks
are opening up, explain Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose.
Alexandra Z. Worden and Darcy McRose review Alien Ocean:
Anthropological Voyages in Microbial Seas by Stefan Helmreich
doi:10.1038/459166a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology lost and found pp167-168
Jon Christensen reviews Paradise Found: Nature in America at the
Time of Discovery by Steve Nicholls
doi:10.1038/459167a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
The dangers of denying HIV p168
John P. Moore reviews Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories,
Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy by Seth Kalichman
doi:10.1038/459168a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: Origami unfolded p169
In her documentary Between the Folds, film director Vanessa Gould
explores the expression of mathematics through origami. She tells
Nature how she became captivated by the art and science of
transforming sheets of paper into three-dimensional geometric shapes
- and exposed a hidden subculture.
Roxanne Khamsi
doi:10.1038/459169a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Art tied up p169
Colin Martin reviews Ravelling, Unravelling
doi:10.1038/459169b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=347&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Origins of life: Systems chemistry on early Earth pp171-172
Understanding how life emerged on Earth is one of the greatest
challenges facing modern chemistry. A new way of looking at the
synthesis of RNA sidesteps a thorny problem in the field.
Jack W. Szostak
doi:10.1038/459171a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=356&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Molecular microbiology: A key event in survival pp172-173
The parasitic microorganism Trypanosoma brucei evades recognition by
its host's immune system by repeatedly changing its surface coat.
The switch in coat follows a risky route, though: DNA break and
repair.
Dave Barry and Richard McCulloch
doi:10.1038/459172a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=305&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Cosmic crystals caught in the act pp173-176
The outburst of a Sun-like star offers a rare opportunity to witness
the making of silicate crystals in the star's planet-forming disk,
providing key information about the formation of comets and the
Solar System.
Aigen Li
doi:10.1038/459173a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Signals for change p175
Sadaf Shadan
doi:10.1038/459175a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=37&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Archaeology: Origins of the female image pp176-177
Discovery of the sexually explicit figurine of a woman, dating to
35,000 years ago, provides striking evidence of the symbolic
explosion that occurred in the earliest populations of Homo sapiens
in Europe.
Paul Mellars
doi:10.1038/459176a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p177
doi:10.1038/459177a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=332&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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INSIGHT
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EDITORIAL
Microbial oceanography p179
Claudia Lupp
doi:10.1038/459179a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=340&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
COMMENTARY ARTICLE
Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity pp180-184
Chris Bowler, David M. Karl and Rita R. Colwell
doi:10.1038/nature08056
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=196&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
REVIEW ARTICLE
The life of diatoms in the world's oceans pp185-192
E. Virginia Armbrust
doi:10.1038/nature08057
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbial community structure and its functional implications
pp193-199
Jed A. Fuhrman
doi:10.1038/nature08058
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=165&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
The microbial ocean from genomes to biomes pp200-206
Edward F. DeLong
doi:10.1038/nature08059
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Viruses manipulate the marine environment pp207-212
Forest Rohwer and Rebecca Vega Thurber
doi:10.1038/nature08060
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=150&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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A surface transporter family conveys the trypanosome differentiation
signal pp213-217
The differentiation of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, the cause of
sleeping sickness, from the human blood to the tsetse fly stage is
known to require two signals - low temperature and citrate and/or
cis-aconitate - but how these signals were perceived was unknown.
The trypanosome carboxylate-transporter family PAD is now revealed
to be essential in this process.
Samuel Dean, Rosa Marchetti, Kiaran Kirk and Keith R. Matthews
doi:10.1038/nature07997
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=373&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Select Drosophila glomeruli mediate innate olfactory attraction and
aversion pp218-223
Individual odorant molecules have been shown to activate several
distinct classes of olfactory neurons at once, suggesting a
combinatorial code. Using a new behavioural assay and cutting-edge
genetic control of specific neurons in the fruitfly, attraction to
low concentrations of vinegar is now shown to rely exclusively on
one or two of the six activated neuronal centres.
Julia L. Semmelhack and Jing W. Wang
doi:10.1038/nature07983
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=375&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=350&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Episodic formation of cometary material in the outburst of a young
Sun-like star pp224-226
Our Solar System originated in a cloud of interstellar gas and
amorphous dust, but cometary dust is mainly crystalline-and it is
not clear how this crystallization occurred. The outburst spectrum
of the young solar-like star EX Lupi shows mid-infrared features,
attributed to crystalline forsterite, that were not present in
quiescence, suggesting that crystals were produced via thermal
annealing by heat from the outburst. This represents a new mechanism
of crystal formation in protoplanetary disks.
P. Abraham et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08004
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=359&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=334&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Radiation-pressure mixing of large dust grains in protoplanetary
disks pp227-229
Dusty disks around young stars are formed out of interstellar dust
that consists of amorphous submicrometre grains. Yet the grains
found in comets, meteorites and traced in the spectra of young stars
include big crystalline grains in environments considered too cold
for crystallinity to occur. Here it is shown that infrared light
arising from the dusty disk can loft grains bigger than one
micrometre out of the hot inner disk, whereupon they are pushed
outwards by stellar radiation pressure.
Dejan Vinkovic
doi:10.1038/nature08032
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=316&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=320&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Thermal vestige of the zero-temperature jamming transition
pp230-233
When the packing fraction is increased sufficiently, loose
particulates jam together to form a rigid solid in which the
constituents are no longer free to move. Although in typical
granular materials and foams the thermal energy is too small to
produce structural rearrangements, thermal motion becomes relevant
when the particles are small enough. Here, colloidal experiments
and computer simulations are used to investigate the overlap
distance between neighbouring particles beyond the zero-temperature
limit, revealing some surprising behaviour.
Zexin Zhang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07998
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=326&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
White organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent tube efficiency
pp234-238
Light-emitting diodes based on organic materials (known as OLEDs)
have a number of attractive qualities that could make them the light
sources of choice for the future. Unfortunately until now they have
never reached the power efficiencies of fluorescent tubes. Here, the
engineering of white OLEDs with power efficiencies at least as high
as that of standard fluorescent tubes brings the future a little
closer.
Sebastian Reineke et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08003
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=100&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=195&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Synthesis of activated pyrimidine ribonucleotides in prebiotically
plausible conditions pp239-242
At some stage in the origin of life, an information-carrying polymer
must have formed by purely chemical means. That polymer might have
been RNA, but until now this theory has been hampered by a lack of
evidence for a plausible route in which the ribonucleotides could
have formed on prebiotic Earth. Here, just such a route is reported.
Matthew W. Powner, Beatrice Gerland and John D. Sutherland
doi:10.1038/nature08013
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Interior pathways of the North Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation pp243-247
Labrador Sea Water (LSW) is an important determinant of the strength
of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and thus of the
main oceanic mechanism of energy redistribution. By using a
combination of neutral buoyancy floats and modelling 'e-floats',
the dominant pathway of export of LSW into the North Atlantic is
shown to be via internal pathways rather than the Deep Western
Boundary Current, as previously thought.
Amy S. Bower, M. Susan Lozier, Stefan F. Gary and Claus W. Boning
doi:10.1038/nature07979
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A female figurine from the basal Aurignacian of Hohle Fels Cave in
southwestern Germany pp248-252
The 'Venus of Hohle Fels', discovered in a cave in southern Germany,
may be the oldest-known example of figurative art. The mammoth-ivory
carving of a woman with grotesquely exaggerated sexual features is
at least 35,000 years old, and may be 5,000 years older than the
next-oldest example of so-called 'Venus' figurines.
Nicholas J. Conard
doi:10.1038/nature07995
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Snowdrift game dynamics and facultative cheating in yeast pp253-256
Yeast secrete invertase to break down sucrose into monosaccharides
that they can metabolize. However, 99% of the monosaccharides
diffuse away where they can be used by other yeast cells, making
this a cooperative behaviour that is susceptible to cheating by
cells that do not secrete invertase. Here this is shown to be a
snowdrift game, in which cheating can be profitable, but is not
necessarily the best strategy if others are cheating too.
Jeff Gore, Hyun Youk and Alexander van Oudenaarden
doi:10.1038/nature07921
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Two-year-olds with autism orient to non-social contingencies rather
than biological motion pp257-261
Human infants preferentially look at motions that make sense
biologically as opposed to non-biological movements within the
first days of life, an ability which is seen as a precursor for
attributing intentions to others. Here it is shown that
two-year-olds with autism fail to look towards point-light displays
of biological motion but are attracted by other properties ignored
by control children, a behavioural difference which may reflect
changes in the functioning of autistic brains.
Ami Klin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07868
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without
a mesenchymal niche pp262-265
Lrg5+ is a protein which has been shown to mark cycling stem cells
that renew the tissue of the intestine. Here, Lrg5+ stem cells were
used in the establishment of long-term culture conditions capable of
generating organoids with all the cell types and architecture of
intestinal crypts present in adult mammals.
Toshiro Sato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07935
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Metatranscriptomics reveals unique microbial small RNAs in the
ocean's water column pp266-269
Microbial gene expression in the environment has recently been
assessed via pyrosequencing of total RNA extracted directly from
natural, uncultured microbial communities. This technique, known as
metatranscriptomics, is used to show that a significant fraction of
transcripts extracted from an oceanic sample are small RNAs.
Yanmei Shi, Gene W. Tyson and Edward F. DeLong
doi:10.1038/nature08055
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Discovery of dual function acridones as a new antimalarial
chemotype pp270-273
Malaria drug development remains an important public health goal,
especially in light of the emergence of drug resistance. Here a new
class of malaria drugs is presented: an acridone derivative
containing a chemosensitizing domain that may prevent the occurrence
of parasite drug resistance.
Jane X. Kelly et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07937
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=304&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
qiRNA is a new type of small interfering RNA induced by DNA damage
pp274-277
High-throughput sequencing has highlighted a vast reservoir of small
non-coding RNAs, the function of which, for the most part, remains
to be determined. Here a new class of small RNAs, termed qiRNAs, is
identified from the fungus Neurospora. The production of qiRNAs is
dependent on DNA damage, and it is proposed that they may have a
role in the DNA damage response.
Heng-Chi Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08041
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=24&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=31&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A yeast-endonuclease-generated DNA break induces antigenic switching
in Trypanosoma brucei pp278-281
Sleeping sickness is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma brucei.
This parasite outwits the human immune system by periodically
changing its coat protein in a process known as VSG switching. Here,
the first in vitro system that recapitulates VSG switching is
established, indicating that a spontaneous double-stranded DNA break
upstream of the gene encoding the code protein initiates the
process.
Catharine E. Boothroyd et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07982
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=337&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
News
Expanding energy frontiers p285
New US energy research centres will create 1,100 new posts for
postdocs, graduate students and technicians.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7244-285a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
A Cajun-style meeting p285
Could attending an annual meeting help me decide on academia versus
industry?
Bryan Venters
doi:10.1038/nj7244-285b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=27&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
High cost, high reward p285
US legislators aim to boost number of federally supported
teaching-hospital posts.
doi:10.1038/nj7244-285c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
FASEB on Facebook p285
US biomedical research coalition launches pages on Facebook and
Twitter.
doi:10.1038/nj7244-285d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
ZymoGenetics cuts back p285
Biotech axes 129 R&D jobs to focus on immunology research.
doi:10.1038/nj7244-285e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Careers and Recruitment
Ahead of the pack p286
The Boston-area biotechnology cluster is one of the most successful
on the planet. But competition is growing from other states and
countries. Heidi Ledford reports on what the region is doing to
maintain its edge.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/nj7244-286a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
The chair p290
A Friend for life.
Madeline Ashby
doi:10.1038/459290a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=355&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
13 May 2009
Total synthesis of eudesmane terpenes by site-selective C-H
oxidations
Ke Chen and Phil S. Baran
doi:10.1038/nature08043
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=349&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
A picogram- and nanometre-scale photonic-crystal optomechanical
cavity
Matt Eichenfield et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08061
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biomechanical forces promote embryonic haematopoiesis
Luigi Adamo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08073
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
10 May 2009
Haematopoietic malignancies caused by dysregulation of a
chromatin-binding PHD finger
Gang G. Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08036
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=189&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Non-blinking semiconductor nanocrystals
Xiaoyong Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08072
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=113&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=108&m=32921552&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDk0Njk0MDMS1&mt=1&rt=0
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