30 April 2009 Volume 458 Number 7242, pp 1077 - 1212
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FREE ARTICLE
Antibiotics and inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=106&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
The importance of fatty acid biosynthesis to bacterial survival has
made the pathway fertile ground for antibiotic targets, and at least
three companies are pursuing compounds that block the process. French
researchers, however, have challenged the approach with a paper in
Nature that describes how Gram-positive bacteria can assimilate host
fatty acids to ensure bacterial survival. What was the reaction of
companies developing inhibitors of the pathway?
Find out more by reading the first in-depth analysis of the scientific
and commercial potential of the work in SciBX: Science-Business
eXchange.
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Nature News Special: Road to Copenhagen
In this week's Nature three News Features discuss how the climate
situation may be even worse than first thought.
Visit the Nature News special to access the News Features, Books
and Arts pieces, Editorial and Commentary.
Selected content available free online.
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EDITORIALS
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Time to act pp1077-1078
Without a solid commitment from the world's leaders, innovative
ways to combat climate change are likely to come to nothing.
doi:10.1038/4581077a
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Authorship policies p1078
We are clarifying the duties of lead authors and making
author-contribution statements mandatory.
doi:10.1038/4581078a
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Fluid dynamics: Dynamics of a dance p1080
doi:10.1038/4581080a
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Chemistry: Fuel from thin air p1080
doi:10.1038/4581080b
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Biochemistry: DNA base maker p1080
doi:10.1038/4581080c
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Stem-cell biology: New stem-cell formula p1080
doi:10.1038/4581080d
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Photonics: E-ink goes colour p1080
doi:10.1038/4581080e
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Chemical biology: Getting the glow p1081
doi:10.1038/4581081a
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Materials: Improving on nature p1081
doi:10.1038/4581081b
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Genomics: X-linked mysteries p1081
doi:10.1038/4581081c
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Climate: Ground truths p1081
doi:10.1038/4581081d
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p1081
Michelle Peckham
doi:10.1038/4581081e
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NEWS
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Swine flu goes global pp1082-1083
New influenza virus tests pandemic emergency preparedness.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/4581082a
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California in clean-fuel drive p1083
State rule says biofuels aren't so green.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/4581083a
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Japan goes for the sun pp1084-1085
Government pushes to regain national lead in solar-energy research.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/4581084a
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Basic researchers protest UK budget pp1084-1085
Reallocations threaten undirected fundamental research.
Geoff Brumfiel & Natasha Gilbert
doi:10.1038/4581084b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Obama says more money p1085
President promises rise in research and development funds.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/4581085a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Funding cut for US nuclear waste dump pp1086-1087
Yucca Mountain's end would leave the country with few alternatives
for a long-term repository.
Amanda Leigh Mascarelli
doi:10.1038/4581086a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Brain imaging skewed p1087
Double dipping of data magnifies errors in functional MRI scans.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/4581087a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Fake Facebook pages spin web of deceit p1089
Stem-cell scientists are caught up in fictional friend network — but
no-one knows why.
Lucas Laursen
doi:10.1038/news.2009.398
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Close shave for Austrian science budget p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Nobel laureate celebrates her centenary p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Japan cuts red tape holding up stem-cell work p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090c
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New UK coal must be partly 'clean' p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090d
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Texas agencies sue over national disease lab p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090e
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Researchers rally to support animal studies p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090f
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Correction p1090
doi:10.1038/4581090g
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
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Climate crunch: A burden beyond bearing pp1091-1094
The climate situation may be even worse than you think. In the first
of three features, Richard Monastersky looks at evidence that
keeping carbon dioxide beneath dangerous levels is tougher than
previously thought.
Richard Monastersky
doi:10.1038/4581091a
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Sucking it up pp1094-1097
It's simple to mop carbon dioxide out of the air, but it could cost a
lot of money. In the second of three features on the carbon challenge,
Nicola Jones talks with the scientists pursuing this strategy.
Nicola Jones
doi:10.1038/4581094a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Great white hope pp1097-1100
Geoengineering schemes, such as brightening clouds, are being talked
about ever more widely. In the third of three features, Oliver Morton
looks at how likely they are to work.
Oliver Morton
doi:10.1038/4581097a
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----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Stem-cell treatments for spinal-cord injury may be worth the risk
p1101
Jesse Owens
doi:10.1038/4581101a
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A lesson or two from a regional economic argument p1101
Daniel Schaffer
doi:10.1038/4581101b
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Romanian funding cuts call for more stringent criteria p1101
Tudor Luchian
doi:10.1038/4581101c
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----------------------
COMMENTARY
----------------------
Overshoot, adapt and recover pp1102-1103
We will probably overshoot our current climate targets, so policies
of adaptation and recovery need much more attention, say Martin
Parry, Jason Lowe and Clair Hanson.
Martin Parry, Jason Lowe and Clair Hanson
doi:10.1038/4581102a
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----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
The worst-case scenario pp1104-1105
Stephen Schneider explores what a world with 1,000 parts per million
of CO2 in its atmosphere might look like.
Stephen Schneider
doi:10.1038/4581104a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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SPRING BOOKS
----------------------
Could climate change capitalism? pp1107-1108
Economist Nicholas Stern's latest book is a rare and masterly
synthesis of climate-change science and economics. His 'global deal'
could change capitalism for the better, says Robert Costanza.
Robert Costanza reviews A Blueprint for a Safer Planet: How to
Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and
Prosperity by Nicholas Stern
doi:10.1038/4581107a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
New in Paperback pp1107-1116
doi:10.1038/4581107b
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Why inequality is fatal pp1109-1110
Michael Sargent reviews The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies
Almost Always Do Better by Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett
doi:10.1038/4581109a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=245&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Fiction beyond the grave p1110
Jascha Hoffman reviews Sum: Forty Tales from the Afterlives by David
Eagleman
doi:10.1038/4581110a
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Genes, games and the sexes pp1111-1112
John Odling-Smee reviews The Genial Gene: Deconstructing Darwinian
Selfishness by Joan Roughgarden and Mothers and Others: The
Evolutionary Origin of Mutual Understanding by Sarah Blaffer Hrdy
doi:10.1038/4581111a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Managing nature as Earth warms pp1112-1113
Jessica J. Hellmann reviews Heatstroke: Nature in an Age of Global
Warming by Anthony D. Barnosky
doi:10.1038/4581112a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=274&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Tales of top models pp1113-1114
Andrew F. Read reviews Pavlov's Dogs and Schrodinger's Cat: Scenes
From the Living Laboratory by Rom Harre
doi:10.1038/4581113a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=193&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
A billionaire's vision for India pp1114-1115
L. K. Sharma reviews Imagining India: The Idea of a Renewed Nation
by Nandan Nilekani
doi:10.1038/4581114a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
An eye on the Universe p1116
Joachim Wambsganss reviews Einstein's Telescope: The Hunt for Dark
Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe by Evalyn Gates
doi:10.1038/4581116a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Climate change: Too much of a bad thing pp1117-1118
There are various - and confusing - targets to limit global warming
due to emissions of greenhouse gases. Estimates based on the total
slug of carbon emitted are possibly the most robust, and are
worrisome.
Gavin Schmidt and David Archer
doi:10.1038/4581117a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: Another way to get rid of fat pp1118-1119
When starved, cells resort to breaking down their assets - proteins,
lipids and even whole organelles. An investigation of lipid
metabolism indicates that one process - autophagy - targets all
three cellular components.
Rudolf Zechner and Frank Madeo
doi:10.1038/4581118a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
X-ray astronomy: When appearances are deceptive pp1119-1121
The sharpest X-ray image ever obtained of a portion of the Milky Way
resolves a seemingly diffuse X-ray emission into discrete sources.
These sources are likely to be stars of the 'garden variety' in the
Sun's vicinity.
Michael Shull
doi:10.1038/4581119a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Miniature devices: Voyage of the microrobots pp1121-1122
Nanobots - tiny robots that can be injected into the body to perform
medical procedures - are the stuff of science fiction. Swimming
microrobots propelled by artificial flagella bring that fantasy
closer to reality.
Metin Sitti
doi:10.1038/4581121a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Speciation affects ecosystems pp1122-1123
Evidence that speciation and adaptive radiation can change the
properties of an ecosystem is a reminder of the pressing need to
integrate ecosystems science and evolutionary biology.
Ole Seehausen
doi:10.1038/4581122a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Solid-state physics: Lost magnetic moments pp1123-1124
A neat study gives clear-cut evidence that when a wire made of a
magnetic material such as iron is squashed to the atomic scale, the
material's magnetism disappears via an exotic physical process.
Richard Korytar and Nicolas Lorente
doi:10.1038/4581123a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: A social hub for worms pp1124-1125
There are more connections in the human brain than there are stars
in the Milky Way, so scientists use simple organisms to search for
universal neural-circuit motifs. Their latest find is a neuron for
social behaviour.
Shawn R. Lockery
doi:10.1038/4581124a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p1125
doi:10.1038/4581125a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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PROGRESS
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Cytoplasmic functions of the tumour suppressor p53 pp1127-1130
Douglas R. Green and Guido Kroemer
doi:10.1038/nature07986
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=220&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
----------------------
Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism pp1131-1135
Description of a novel function for autophagy in regulating lipid
metabolism, called 'macrolipophagy', in which lipid droplets and
autophagic components associate during starvation and inhibition of
autophagy increases lipid storage in lipid droplets. A critical role
of autophagy in regulating lipid metabolism is identified, and may
provide a new approach to prevent lipid accumulation in disease.
Rajat Singh et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07976
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis for leucine-rich nuclear export signal recognition
by CRM1 pp1136-1141
The crystal structure of CRM1 in complex with a substrate called
snurportin 1 is presented. Snurportin 1 binds CRM1 in a bipartite
manner by means of an amino-terminal leucine-rich nuclear export
signal (LR-NES) and its nucleotide-binding domain. Further analysis
reveals a second NES epitope in the nucleotide-binding domain of
snurportin 1, and multipartite recognition of individually weak NES
epitopes may be a common feature of CRM1 binding.
Xiuhua Dong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07975
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=212&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Discrete sources as the origin of the Galactic X-ray ridge emission
pp1142-1144
Its source has been a mystery since the discovery 25 years ago of
the Galactic ridge X-ray emission. The gravitational well of the
Galactic disk cannot hold the hot gas generating the X-ray glow and
no other single source of energy that is large enough exists, but
perhaps the hot plasma is bound to a multitude of faint sources.
Here most of the diffuse-seeming X-ray emission is resolved into
discrete sources, probably accreting white dwarfs and coronally
active stars.
M. Revnivtsev et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07946
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=214&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Serial time-encoded amplified imaging for real-time observation of
fast dynamic phenomena pp1145-1149
Ultrafast real-time optical imaging is used in diverse areas of
science, but conventional imaging devices such as CCDs are incapable
of capturing fast dynamical processes with high sensitivity and
resolution. This imaging method overcomes these limitations and
offers frame rates that are at least 1,000 times faster than those
of conventional CCDs. The approach is applied to continuous
real-time imaging of microfluidic flow and phase-explosion effects
that occur during laser ablation.
K. Goda, K. K. Tsia and B. Jalali
doi:10.1038/nature07980
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
The Kondo effect in ferromagnetic atomic contacts pp1150-1153
Magnetism in metals is typically considered an intrinsic property
of the material. But when the diameter of a magnetic wire is reduced
to atomic dimensions, the material's magnetic properties are
strongly altered, to the point where magnetism can even be
eliminated. This is an unexpected realization of the so-called Kondo
effect, and highlights the need to take into account atomic-scale
geometry when investigating the properties of magnetic
nanostructures.
M. Reyes Calvo et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07878
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
The ITQ-37 mesoporous chiral zeolite pp1154-1157
With extralarge pores, zeolites could catalyse reactions between
larger molecules. Here a zeolite with the largest pores to date is
synthesized, about 25 angstroms across; the structure is also
chiral, which is useful in the separation of enantiomorphic
molecules. The synthesis is done by crystallization of a gel of
germanate and silicate dissolved in a bulky organic molecular
template, using high-throughput techniques.
Junliang Sun et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07957
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=137&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=112&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Greenhouse-gas emission targets for limiting global warming to 2
[deg]C pp1158-1162
The politically defined threshold of dangerous climate change is an
increase of 2 degrees Celsius in the mean global temperature.
Simulations here show that when carbon dioxide and a full suite of
positive and negative radiative forcings are considered, total
emissions from 2000 to 2050 of about 1,400 gigatonnes of carbon
dioxide yield a 50% probability of exceeding this threshold by the
end of the twenty-first century. 'Business as usual' emissions will
probably meet or exceed this 50% probability.
Malte Meinshausen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08017
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=296&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Warming caused by cumulative carbon emissions towards the trillionth
tonne pp1163-1166
The effect of a cumulative emission of carbon on peak global mean
surface temperature is better constrained than the effect of
stabilizing the atmospheric composition. The approach is also
insensitive to the timing or peak rate of emissions. Using carbon
cycle models, it is shown that a trillion tonnes of carbon emissions
(about half of which has already been emitted since
industrialization began) will produce a most likely peak warming of
2 degrees Celsius.
Myles R. Allen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08019
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=63&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary diversification in stickleback affects ecosystem
functioning pp1167-1170
A test of the ecosystem effects of a pair of stickleback species
that have undergone a recent adaptive radiation and now colonize
different niches, and also a related generalist that resembles their
common ancestor. Adaptive radiation causes changes in lower trophic
levels and in ecosystem productivity, and the sticklebacks act as
ecosystem engineers by influencing the light transmissibility of
the water.
Luke J. Harmon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07974
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
A hub-and-spoke circuit drives pheromone attraction and social
behaviour in C. elegans pp1171-1175
Nematodes socialize during feeding on bacteria; this behaviour
depends on sophisticated integration of multiple sensory cues by a
subset of the animal's 302 neurons. The RMG neurons are identified
as the hub for such computations. Non-synaptic communication through
'gap junctions' is the key to RMG's regulation of neighbouring
sensory neurons such as ASK (which responds to pheromones, a
functional architecture that could be generalized to several other
neuronal circuits).
Evan Z. Macosko et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07886
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=107&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile
pp1176-1179
Clostridium difficile, the cause of antibiotic-induced infection in
hospitals, possesses two toxins, A and B, the former of which was
believed to be the major C. difficile virulence factor. Using an
animal model and C. difficile mutants, evidence is now presented
that toxin B, and not toxin A, is essential for infection.
Dena Lyras et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07822
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=249&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Orally delivered siRNA targeting macrophage Map4k4 suppresses
systemic inflammation pp1180-1184
Encapsulated small interfering RNA nanoparticles are shown to
silence a kinase mediator of inflammatory responses in mice in vitro
and in vivo.
Myriam Aouadi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07774
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Zc3h12a is an RNase essential for controlling immune responses by
regulating mRNA decay pp1185-1190
The zinc finger protein Zc3h12a is identified as a ribonuclease that
inhibits autoimmune disorders by controlling the degradation of
messenger RNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines.
Kazufumi Matsushita et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07924
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=65&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the
TLR4-MD-2 complex pp1191-1195
The human immune system uses the TLR4-MD-2 complex to recognize the
lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, which cause
diverse infections. The crystal structure of TLR4 in complex with
MD-2 and the agonist LPS is described, showing how the TLR family
can bind to the many different kinds of LPS.
Beom Seok Park et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07830
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
A mutation in Ihh that causes digit abnormalities alters its
signalling capacity and range pp1196-1200
A brachydactyly type A1 (BDA1) mutation in indian hedgehog (IHH)
impairs the interaction between IHH and its receptor. In a mouse
model that recapitulates this particular E95K mutation there is a
change in the potency and range of IHH signalling, and the mice
show digit abnormalities consistent with the human disorder.
Bo Gao et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07862
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Embryonic stem cells use ZFP809 to silence retroviral DNAs
pp1201-1204
The zinc finger binding protein ZFP809 is shown to work together
with the TRIM28 protein to mediate transcriptional silencing of
integrated retroviruses in infected embryonic stem cells.
Daniel Wolf and Stephen P. Goff
doi:10.1038/nature07844
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=207&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
News
Grants aim to help women p1207
Childcare grants help scientists attend conferences.
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1207a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdoc journal
The moving blues p1207
As we move halfway across the globe, I miss my friends. My son
misses his toys.
Joanne Isaac
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1207b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
In Brief
Grant funding cuts p1207
Many grantmakers expect to reduce the size or amount of their
grants.
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1207c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=80&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Solar R&D in Arizona p1207
Investment at the Arizona's Solar Technology Institute.
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1207d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=205&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
University research p1207
The factors that determine the quality of universities' research
and how prolific they are.
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1207e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Region
State of energy pp1208-1209
New Mexico, with its national labs and natural resources, is poised
to become a central player in the US race for energy independence.
Paul Smaglik reports.
doi:10.1038/nj7242-1208a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
En passant p1212
Family ties.
Michalis Barkoulas and Gemma Bilsborough
doi:10.1038/4581212a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=172&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
29 April 2009
High-frequency modification of plant genes using engineered zinc-finger nucleases
Jeffrey A. Townsend et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07845
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Precise genome modification in the crop species Zea mays using zinc-finger nucleases
Vipula K. Shukla et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07992
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=5&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Mechanism of differential control of NMDA receptor activity by NR2 subunits
Marc Gielen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07993
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Bmi1 regulates mitochondrial function and the DNA damage response pathway
Jie Liu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08040
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=206&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
28 April 2009
Autism genome-wide copy number variation reveals ubiquitin and neuronal genes
Joseph T. Glessner et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07953
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=309&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Common genetic variants on 5p14.1 associate with autism spectrum disorders
Kai Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07999
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=105&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
26 April 2009
Select Drosophila glomeruli mediate innate olfactory attraction and aversion
Julia L. Semmelhack and Jing W. Wang
doi:10.1038/nature07983
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance
Vikaas S. Sohal, Feng Zhang, Ofer Yizhar and Karl Deisseroth
doi:10.1038/nature07991
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Driving fast-spiking cells induces gamma rhythm and controls sensory responses
Jessica A. Cardin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature08002
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Directed transdifferentiation of mouse mesoderm to heart tissue by defined factors
Jun K. Takeuchi and Benoit G. Bruneau
doi:10.1038/nature08039
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=187&m=32695258&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDgxODI4ODES1&mt=1&rt=0
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