2 April 2009 Volume 458 Number 7238, pp 549 - 668
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EDITORIALS
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Time for a concerted nuclear approach p549
Nuclear non-proliferation's moment has come. Scientists must
help governments to seize a historic opportunity to avoid
future apocalypses.
doi:10.1038/458549a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Clicking on a new chapter pp549-550
The e-textbook is only one part of a bigger revolution in
online learning.
doi:10.1038/458549b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A bill against rights p550
Italy's Senate has approved a bill that ignores patients' wishes
and the country's own constitution.
doi:10.1038/458550a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=127&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Behavioural science: School soundings p552
doi:10.1038/458552a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=313&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mitochondrial genomics: Bloody anomaly p552
doi:10.1038/458552b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=236&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Mechanochemistry: Tug of war p552
doi:10.1038/458552c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=200&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Tribology: Brushing problems aside p552
doi:10.1038/458552d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=223&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: Slow revolution p552
doi:10.1038/458552e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=312&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Marine biology: Deep-sea Methuselahs p553
doi:10.1038/458553a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Chemical scissors p553
doi:10.1038/458553b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate change: Much travelled dust p553
doi:10.1038/458553c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=94&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ecology: Saving songbirds p553
doi:10.1038/458553d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=235&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p553
Anthony J. Ryan
doi:10.1038/458553e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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Viral outbreak in China tests government efforts pp554-555
Researchers call for greater focus on surveillance and genomics.
Jane Qiu
doi:10.1038/458554a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Australian cap-and-trade plan comes under fire p555
Plans to curb greenhouse-gas emissions face political opposition.
Roberta Kwok
doi:10.1038/458554b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Congress probes NIH stimulus funds p556
Scrutiny also aimed at National Children's Study
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/458556a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sonar mapping ventures into uncharted waters p557
Initiative aims to recruit range of vessels to locate seamounts.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/458557a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=133&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Research review boards dogged by criticism p557
US oversight of clinical trials found wanting.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/458557b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=69&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fungus farmers show way to new drugs p558
Ant colonies could be key to advances in biofuels and antibiotics.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/458558a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Dismissed researcher wins court battle pp558-559
German immunologist set to regain his job.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/458558b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quark statistics shed light on Universe's symmetry p559
CP violation comes into focus.
Philip Ball
doi:10.1038/458559a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Retracted paper rattles Korean science p561
Authors disagree over work aimed at gene therapy for diabetes.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/458561b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=284&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate experts urge G20 to make stimulus green p562
doi:10.1038/458562a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=91&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geometric work secures top maths prize p562
doi:10.1038/458562b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Drug patent pools start to take shape p562
doi:10.1038/458562c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Gates supports Chinese tuberculosis drive p562
doi:10.1038/458562d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fossils protected in US land legislation p562
doi:10.1038/458562e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=158&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Grazing limits effects of ocean fertilization p562
doi:10.1038/458562f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Correction p562
doi:10.1038/458562g
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=277&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
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PARTY OF ONE
Mean what you say p563
Promises about job creation in the US stimulus bill may be
coming home
to roost, says David Goldston
David Goldston
doi:10.1038/458563a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=174&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
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Neuroscience: One hundred years of Rita pp564-567
From a home lab to the Italian Senate, by way of nerve growth factor —
Rita Levi-Montalcini is a scientist like no other. Alison Abbott meets
the first Nobel prizewinner set to reach her hundredth birthday.
Alison Abbott
doi:10.1038/458564a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Technology: The textbook of the future pp568-570
Undergraduate textbooks are going digital. Declan Butler asks how this
will shake up student reading habits and the multi-billion-dollar
print textbook market.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/458568a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
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OPINION
Austria should invest in brains, not in bricks, banks or airlines p571
Michael Freissmuth and Sigismund Huck
doi:10.1038/458571a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolution and intelligent design in Hong Kong p571
Jerome H. L. Hui
doi:10.1038/458571b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=259&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Scientists must stand up and be counted p571
Dave Bienus
doi:10.1038/458571c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Animal-health facility in Germany leads the way for Europe p571
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
doi:10.1038/458571d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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OPINION
All the President's scholarly men pp572-573
Barack Obama's choice of science advisers is cause for celebration.
Yet history shows that an impressive academic record doesn't
guarantee good, impartial advice, cautions Robert Dallek.
Robert Dallek
doi:10.1038/458572a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Keeping up with the nuclear neighbours pp574-575
Since acquiring atomic weapons, India, Pakistan and North Korea have
not engaged in major warfare. But nuclear deterrence alone does not
buy peace -- diplomacy must keep the balance, says George Perkovich.
George Perkovich reviews The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and
Security in 21st Century Asia by
doi:10.1038/458574a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Pugwash, nukes and peace pp575-576
Andrew Robinson reviews The Strangest Dream
doi:10.1038/458575a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Q&A: The art of transmutation p577
James Acord is the only sculptor licensed to work with radioactive
materials. Formally trained in nuclear physics, he tells Nature why
he thinks contaminated nuclear sites should be marked for future
generations and explains his obsession with the nuclear age.
James Acord
doi:10.1038/458577a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Ecology: Gini in the bottle pp579-580
An elaborate microcosm study has a message for the wider world:
declining distributional equity among species, where the rare become
rarer, and the dominant become more dominant, can put ecosystems
at risk.
Shahid Naeem
doi:10.1038/458579a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Solid-state physics: Spin's lifetime extended pp580-581
Electrons in semiconductors are subject to forces that make their
spins flip. According to new evidence, if an ensemble of spins
curls into a helix, the collective spin lifetime can be greatly
enhanced.
Jaroslav Fabian
doi:10.1038/458580a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=256&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
DNA repair: New tales of an old tail pp581-583
Modifications of DNA-associated histone proteins maintain genome
integrity. On damage to DNA, phosphorylation of histone H2A.X
determines whether repair is justified or if the damaged cell
must die.
Jiri Lukas and Jiri Bartek
doi:10.1038/458581a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=48&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Environmental science: Clean coal and sparkling water pp583-584
Subsurface storage of carbon dioxide is a major option for mitigating
climate change. On one account, much of the gas sequestered in this
way would end up as carbonic acid in the pore waters of the host rock.
Werner Aeschbach-Hertig
doi:10.1038/458583a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=161&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p583
doi:10.1038/458583b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=135&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
HIV: Immune memory downloaded pp584-585
An impressive system for retrieving large numbers of antibodies
from memory B cells has been developed. It has been put into
practice in an investigation of immune responses to the human
immunodeficiency virus.
Dennis R. Burton and Pascal Poignard
doi:10.1038/458584a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=201&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: AMPA receptors get 'pickled' pp585-586
In mediating fast synaptic communication in the brain, AMPA receptors
require TARP auxiliary proteins. It seems that another distinct class
of proteins also bind to AMPA receptors and regulate their function.
Alexander C. Jackson and Roger A. Nicoll
doi:10.1038/458585a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=28&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
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Cosmology: Dark matter and dark energy pp587-589
Observations continue to indicate that the Universe is dominated by
invisible components -- dark matter and dark energy. Shedding light
on this cosmic darkness is a priority for astronomers and physicists.
Robert Caldwell and Marc Kamionkowski
doi:10.1038/458587a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS ARISING
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Is there an association between NPY and neuroticism? pE6
Colleen H. Cotton, Jonathan Flint and Thomas G. Campbell
doi:10.1038/nature07927
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=303&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zhou et al. reply pE7
Zhifeng Zhou et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07928
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=53&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Tyrosine dephosphorylation of H2AX modulates apoptosis and survival
decisions pp591-596
The protein tyrosine phosphatase EYA is shown to be recruited to DNA
double-strand breaks after genotoxic stress and to remove a tyrosine
phosphorylation modification on histone H2AX. The tyrosine
phosphorylation state of H2AX helps to determine whether DNA repair
or pro-apoptotic factors are recruited to chromatin, with tyrosine
dephosphorylation by EYA promoting repair rather than apoptosis.
Peter J. Cook et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07849
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=210&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure of the connexin 26 gap junction channel at 3.5 A resolution
pp597-602
This paper presents the X-ray crystal structure of a gap junction
channel at 3.5 A resolution. The structure shows how human connexin 26
connexons interact, in an apparently open conformation, and provides
insight into channel gating by the transjunctional voltage.
Shoji Maeda et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07869
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
=========================== ADVERTISEMENT ===========================
From April 2009, the Nature Clinical Practice journals will
be renamed Nature Reviews.
Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology has been completely
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LETTERS
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Early assembly of the most massive galaxies pp603-606
Galaxies are thought to grow gradually from the early Universe by
star formation and mergers, according to huge recent galaxy formation
simulations. But here Collins et al. report that Brightest Cluster
Galaxies, the most luminous stellar objects, have not increased much
in mass over the past 9 billion years or so: they were already almost
fully grown 4 or 5 billion years after the Big Bang.
Chris A. Collins et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07865
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5-100
GeV pp607-609
Cosmic ray positrons are known to be produced by interactions in the
interstellar medium, but they might also originate in primary sources,
such as pulsars, micro-quasars or through dark matter annihilation.
Adriani et al. report that the positron fraction increases sharply
over much of the energy range 1.5-100 GeV, which appears to be
completely inconsistent with secondary sources--they therefore
conclude that a primary source is necessary.
O. Adriani et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07942
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=56&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Emergence of the persistent spin helix in semiconductor quantum wells
pp610-613
The axis of a spinning electron tends to remain fixed in direction:
in contrast, an electron moving in a semiconductor sees a lattice of
charged atoms flying past, causing its spin direction to fluctuate.
Koralek and colleagues demonstrate that an electric field applied to
the semiconductor can balance this spin-destabilizing effect; the
collective spin of the entire gas of electrons is conserved, a
property well-suited for 'spintronics' applications.
J. D. Koralek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07871
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=88&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Solubility trapping in formation water as dominant CO2 sink in natural
gas fields pp614-618
Injecting industrial CO2 into deep geological strata could be a safe
and economical means of storing it, either dissolved in solution or
absorbed by carbonate minerals. Chris Ballentine and colleagues used
noble gas and isotope tracers to identify what happens to CO2 in gas
fields in North America, China and Europe that provide a natural model
of geological storage of anthropogenic CO2 over millennia. They find
that dissolution in water is the main mechanism.
Stuart M. V. Gilfillan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07852
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Petrological evidence for secular cooling in mantle plumes pp619-622
Oceanic island basalts have much lower eruption rates than lavas from
large igneous provinces, but a quantitative petrological comparison
of lava sources has not been made. Claude Herzberg and Esteban Gazel
have examined the composition of Galapagos-related lavas, and conclude
that the mantle plumes that generated large igneous provinces in the
Permian to Palaeocene periods were hotter and melted more extensively
than the plumes that produced modern oceanic islands.
Claude Herzberg and Esteban Gazel
doi:10.1038/nature07857
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=129&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Initial community evenness favours functionality under selective
stress pp623-626
Ecosystem functioning is well known to be affected by species richness
(the number of species), but species evenness (relative abundance of
species) has been much less studied. Boon et al. investigated the
effect of species unevenness in 1,260 denitrifying bacterial microcosms
and found that initial evenness strongly improved ecosystem functioning,
especially under stress.
Lieven Wittebolle et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07840
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
A micro-architecture for binocular disparity and ocular dominance in
visual cortex pp627-631
Using two-photon calcium imaging these authors map the response of
nearly every neuron in a small region of the cat visual cortex, and
find that the responses to ocular dominance and binocular disparity
exist on defined axes within the brain that are independent and
orthogonal to each other.
Prakash Kara and Jamie D. Boyd
doi:10.1038/nature07721
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Decoding reveals the contents of visual working memory in early visual
areas pp632-635
This study shows that early visual areas can retain specific
information about features held in working memory even when there is
no physical stimulus present. Using functional magnetic resonance
imaging decoding methods, visual features could be predicted from
early visual area activity with a high degree of accuracy.
Stephenie A. Harrison and Frank Tong
doi:10.1038/nature07832
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Broad diversity of neutralizing antibodies isolated from memory B
cells in HIV-infected individuals pp636-640
This study clones and characterizes antibodies present in six
HIV-infected subjects with low-to-intermediate viral loads.
Johannes F. Scheid et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07930
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Adaptation of HIV-1 to human leukocyte antigen class I pp641-645
This paper traces the adaptation of HIV to HLA alleles in 2,500
HIV-infected subjects and demonstrates a strong correlation between
the prevalence of escape mutations within well characterized
epitopes and the prevalence of the respective HLA alleles, thereby
providing evidence that the virus is indeed adapting to effective
immune responses.
Yuka Kawashima et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07746
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=142&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
An unexpected twist in viral capsid maturation pp646-650
This paper reports the high-resolution structure of the double-stranded
DNA bacteriophage HK97 procapsid, providing insight into the capsid
assembly process leading to infectious virions. The knowledge gained
from this structure is relevant for related viruses such as human
herpesviruses.
Ilya Gertsman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07686
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=21&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
FGF signalling during embryo development regulates cilia length in
diverse epithelia pp651-654
These authors show that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling
regulates cilia length and function in diverse epithelia during
zebrafish and Xenopus development. They propose that some
developmental defects and diseases ascribed to FGF signalling are
due in part to loss of cilia function.
Judith M. Neugebauer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07753
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Clustering of InsP3 receptors by InsP3 retunes their regulation by
InsP3 and Ca2+ pp655-659
This papers shows that inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors
aggregate in responses to InsP3, resulting in a lower probability of
channel opening, and that increases in intracellular Ca2+ can
effectively relieve this inhibition and enhance the coupling between
receptors in a cluster. This mechanism probably serves to enhance the
sensitivity to changes in intracellular Ca2+.
Taufiq-Ur-Rahman, Alexander Skupin, Martin Falcke and Colin W. Taylor
doi:10.1038/nature07763
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=62&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
RETRACTION
----------------------
Remission in models of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy using a
single-chain insulin analogue p660
Hyun Chul Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07964
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
NEWS
Forensics evidence p663
Report calls on forensics scientists to increase credibility
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
POSTDOC JOURNAL
Job juggling p663
When can I pursue my own research and leave part-time work behind?
Joanne Isaac
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
IN BRIEF
Drug firms cut back p663
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Syngene centre opens p663
doi:10.1038/nj7238-663d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
SPECIAL REPORT
Lab hazard pp664 - 665
Getting results from experiments can be difficult, especially if the
materials you work with decide to fight back. Amber Dance investigates
some of the unappreciated risks of being at the bench.
Amber Dance
doi:10.1038/nj7238-664a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=307&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Caveat time traveller p668
Future-proof.
Gregory Benford
doi:10.1038/458668a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
01 April 2009
Detection and trapping of intermediate states priming nicotinic
receptor channel opening
Nuriya Mukhtasimova, Won Yong Lee, Hai-Long Wang and
Steven M. Sine
doi:10.1038/nature07923
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Syk kinase signalling couples to the Nlrp3 inflammasome for
anti-fungal host defence
Olaf Gross et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07965
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=163&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Evolutionary diversification in stickleback affects ecosystem
functioning
Luke J. Harmon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07974
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=308&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=308&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural basis for leucine-rich nuclear export signal recognition
by CRM1
Xiuhua Dong et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07975
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism
Rajat Singh et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07976
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
29 March 2009
Two-year-olds with autism orient to non-social contingencies rather
than biological motion
Ami Klin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07868
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt–villus structures in vitro without
a mesenchymal niche
Toshiro Sato et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07935
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=147&m=32243336&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDcwNTg2NDcS1&mt=1&rt=0
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