NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
May 2009 Volume 11 Number 5, pp 509 - 666
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FOCUS
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Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
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Nature Cell Biology and Nature Reviews Microbiology present a set of
specially commissioned articles that highlight recent progress in our
understanding of how microorganisms exploit the cell biology of their host.
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EDITORIALS
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Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
Genetic privacy and piracy p509
On the eve of a decision on a new gene diagnostics law in Germany,
the debate about risks and benefits, although important, must not derail
essential legislation.
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-509a
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Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
Focus on host subversion p509
A collection of seven reviews surveys how microorganisms subvert
host cell biology.
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-509b
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REVIEWS
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Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
Virus entry by macropinocytosis pp510 - 520
Jason Mercer and Ari Helenius
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-510
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=26&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
Targeting of immune signalling networks by bacterial pathogens pp521 - 526
Igor E. Brodsky and Ruslan Medzhitov
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-521
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=3&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=81&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Focus on Microbial host cell subversion
Viral avoidance and exploitation of the ubiquitin system pp527 - 534
Felix Randow and Paul J. Lehner
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-527
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=159&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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TURNING POINTS
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From cell differentiation to the cell cycle: how failing in biochemistry
led to success in morphology p535
Yoshio Masui
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-535
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Breaking a temporal barrier: signalling crosstalk regulates the initiation
of border cell migration pp536 - 538
Correct timing of developmental events is crucial for generating a
normal organism. During oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster,
migration of border cells occurs in a defined temporal window and
requires Jak/Stat and steroid hormone signalling. The initiation of
border-cell migration is now shown to be timed by Jak/Stat-mediated
downregulation of the BTB domain transcriptional regulator Abrupt,
which acts as a negative regulator of steroid hormone signalling.
Dorothea Godt and Ulrich Tepass
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-536
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Smurf1 zaps the talin head pp538 - 540
Focal adhesion turnover is essential for cell migration. New results
show that the talin head liberated from talin by calpain II cleavage
has a key role in these events, and that its levels are tightly regulated
by Smurf1-mediated ubiquitylation counteracted by Cdk5-mediated
phosphorylation.
David R. Critchley
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-538
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SCAI blocks MAL-evolent effects on cancer cell invasion pp540 - 542
SCAI is a newly discovered protein that reduces cancer cell invasiveness.
SCAI inhibits the MAL/SRF transcriptional activator complex that is
downstream of Rho GTPase and actin, resulting in reduced expression
of beta1-integrins and loss of invasive potential.
Rudy Juliano
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-540
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Research highlights p543
doi:10.1038/ncb0509-543
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=83&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Nature Reviews Microbiology and Nature Cell Biology
Focus on Microbial Host Cell Subversion
To highlight advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which
microorganisms tailor cellular pathways to their own needs, Nature Reviews Microbiology
and Nature Cell Biology present a set of specially commissioned articles that focus
on some of the key pathways in host cells that are subverted by microorganisms
during infection or colonization.
To access the articles from this Focus and the accompanying library, visit
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Protein kinase D1 regulates cofilin-mediated F-actin reorganization and
cell motility through slingshot pp545 - 556
The actin severing factor cofilin is activated by the slingshot phosphatases.
Phosphorylation of slingshot 1L by protein kinase D is found to block the
association of slingshot 1L with actin, thereby inhibiting cofilin activation
and directed cell migration.
Tim Eiseler et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1861
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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SCAI acts as a suppressor of cancer cell invasion through the transcriptional
control of beta1-integrin pp557 - 568
SCAI is novel protein that inhibits the transcription factor MAL and
represses the expression of beta1-integrin. Reduced SCAI levels
also correlate with increased invasive cell migration.
Dominique T. Brandt et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1862
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Border-cell migration requires integration of spatial and temporal signals
by the BTB protein Abrupt pp569 - 579
How temporal signals from the steroid hormone ecdysone are integrated
with JAK/STAT-mediated spatial control of Drosophila border-cell migration
has been unclear. JAK/STAT represses Abrupt, which in turn attenuates
ecdysone signalling by interacting with the ecdysone receptor
coactivator Taiman.
Anna C.-C. Jang, Yu-Chiuan Chang, Jianwu Bai and Denise Montell
doi:10.1038/ncb1863
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
KRAB-type zinc-finger protein Apak specifically regulates p53-dependent
apoptosis pp580 - 591
The tumour suppressor p53 can mediate both cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis.
Apak binds and acetylates p53 by recruiting KAP-1 and HDAC1 to specifically
suppress p53 regulated pro-apoptotic genes. Stress-induced phosphorylation
of Apak by ATM relieves this inhibition.
Chunyan Tian et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1864
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
RAD18 transmits DNA damage signalling to elicit homologous recombination
repair pp592 - 603
The ubquitin ligase Rad18 is a central mediator of cell cycle checkpoint
activation by DNA damage. Now Rad18 turns out to directly regulate
homologous recombination repair by interacting with Rad51C
Jun Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1865
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=128&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Persistent transcription-blocking DNA lesions trigger somatic growth
attenuation associated with longevity pp604 - 615
The 'somatic growth axis' involving IGF-1 and growth hormone is
implicated in longevity. Persistent transcription-blocking DNA damage
attenuates growth hormone and IGF-1 receptor expression and precipitates
other ageing associated transcriptional changes, as well as inhibiting
somatic growth.
George A. Garinis et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1866
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=66&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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Telomere recombination requires the MUS81 endonuclease pp616 - 623
Telomerase-negative cells maintain their telomeres through an alternative
pathway that involves DNA recombination after replication. In this pathway,
the recombination endonuclease MUS81 is found to regulate telomeric
recombination and maintains the length of telomeres by interacting with
the telomere binding protein TRF2.
Sicong Zeng et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1867
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=164&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Talin phosphorylation by Cdk5 regulates Smurf1-mediated talin head
ubiquitylation and cell migration pp624 - 630
Talins are essential for integrin activation, focal adhesion formation and
mesenchymal cell migration. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 regulates
talin head degradation and Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation of the head
prevents Smurf1 action on talin.
Cai Huang et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1868
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=32&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Production of offspring from a germline stem cell line derived from neonatal
ovaries pp631 - 636
It has been controversial whether female germline stem cells (FGSCs) are
present in postnatal mammalian ovaries. Cells from a line derived from
FGSCs isolated from adult mice that were transplanted into ovaries of
infertile animals underwent oogenesis and generated offspring.
Kang Zou et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1869
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bone morphogenetic protein heterodimers assemble heteromeric type I
receptor complexes to pattern the dorsoventral axis pp637 - 643
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate zebrafish dorsoventral
patterning through two distinct receptor complexes. Surprisingly, BMPs
function as an obligate heterodimer of BMP-2 and -7, while BMP
homodimers are inactive.
Shawn C. Little and Mary C. Mullins
doi:10.1038/ncb1870
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=148&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
PP1-mediated dephosphorylation of phosphoproteins at mitotic exit is
controlled by inhibitor-1 and PP1 phosphorylation pp644 - 651
Mitotic exit occurs when Cdc2 kinase activity drops and its substrates
are dephosphorylated. Protein phosphatase-1 is responsible for this
dephosphorylation and its activity is restrained during mitosis by Cdc2
phosphorylation and binding of Inhibitor-1, while auto-dephoshorylation
at the Cdc2 site ensures its timely activation.
Judy Qiju Wu et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1871
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Arginine methylation of Piwi proteins catalysed by dPRMT5 is required
for Ago3 and Aub stability pp652 - 658
Yohei Kirino et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1872
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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WIP1 phosphatase is a negative regulator of NF-kappaB signalling
pp659 - 666
NF-kappaB activity is positively regulated through phosphorylation,
but how activation is reversed has been unclear. A genome-wide siRNA
screen reveals that the phosphatase WIP1 dephosphorylates the
NF-kappaB subunit p65 at Ser 536, a phospho-residue critical for
transcriptional regulation.
Joanne Chew et al.
doi:10.1038/ncb1873
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=140&m=32740349&r=MTc2NDEyMTk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDgyMjI3NzIS1&mt=1&rt=0
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