April 2009 Volume 6 Number 4
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EDITORIAL
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Off-label use of approved drugs
Vincent T. DeVita, Jr
p181 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.41
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Surgery: Rotterdam Criteria is most important prognostic factor
p183 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.10
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Hematology: Response to lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes
p184 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.12
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LNR predicts rectal cancer survival
p184 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.7
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Targeted therapies: Imatinib is not effective in uveal melanoma
p185 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.11
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Genetics: Dicer and Drosha predict outcomes in ovarian cancer
p185 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.5
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Hematology: Rituximab in follicular lymphoma
p186 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.6
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Sorafenib for Asian-Pacific HCC
p186 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.9
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Screening: CT colonography: time for clinical implementation
Perry J. Pickhardt
p187 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.20
The findings from a multicenter, screening trial of CT colonography for
the detection of large adenomas demonstrated the benefit of this
noninvasive technique for assessing patients with an average risk of
colorectal cancer.
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Hematology: Germinal center or nongerminal center DLBCL?
Gerhard Held and Michael Pfreundschuh
p188 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.22
Patients with a immunohistochemically defined, germinal-center tumor
subtype have an improved outcome compared with patients with the
non-germinal-center phenotype when treated with CHOP only, according to
a prospective study. The benefit was not observed in those treated with
the rituximab combination therapy.
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Pathology: Are circulating tumor cells predictive of overall survival?
Klaus Pantel and Sabine Riethdorf
p190 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.23
Comparison of circulating tumor cell numbers before and after treatment
is predictive for overall survival in patients with metastatic
castration-resistant prostate cancer; this comparison is more helpful
than prostate-specific antigen detection, according to a recent study.
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Medical oncology: Zoledronic acid prevents bone loss in early-stage breast
cancer
Francesco Bertoldo, Giuseppe Tonini, Bruno Vincenzi and Daniele Santini
p191 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.24
Zoledronic acid is effective in the prevention of bone loss in premenopausal
women with breast cancer being treated with endocrine therapy. The benefit
of zoledronic acid probably extends for some years after cessation of
therapy.
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Surgery: Selective bladder-preserving therapy for muscle-invasive cancer
Niall M. Heney, Donald S Kaufman and William U. Shipley
p193 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.21
Transurethral resection of the bladder and adjuvant chemoradiation can
permit eradication of the tumor and micrometastases. Close monitoring
by sequential cystoscopy and biopsy can achieve similar survival outcomes
to radical cystectomy, and could avoid invasive treatment.
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Surgery: Preserving continence in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Anthony Costello and Rajiv Goel
p194 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.26
Substantial progress has been made in radical cystectomy in the past 25
years, and development of orthotopic lower urinary tract reconstruction
has been an important step in the continued progress of urinary diversion.
The orthotopic neobladder should be considered the gold standard with
which other forms of diversion are compared.
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REVIEWS
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Is it time to consider a role for MRI before prostate biopsy?
Hashim U. Ahmed, Alex Kirkham, Manit Arya, Rowland Illing, Alex Freeman,
Clare Allen and Mark Emberton
p197 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.18
The use of MRI for the management of prostate cancer is controversial;
however, technological advances in the past few years indicate that this
diagnostic approach should be utilized. The authors propose MRI could
improve risk stratification not only for those diagnosed with prostate
cancer but in men prior to a biopsy. They explain how MRI evaluation could
help select those men who require intervention and avoid biopsy and
unnecessary treatment in others.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=77&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Toxic effects and their management: daily clinical challenges in the
treatment of colorectal cancer
Cathy Eng
p207 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.16
For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, various treatment options
exist; however, all are associated with adverse events. Although the
majority of these adverse events are minor, some adverse effects might
be severe. This Review describes the toxic effects reported in key clinical
trials of biologic and cytotoxic agents. The author discusses the
strategies that can be implemented to manage toxicity and to minimize
treatment interruption or discontinuation, and enhance quality of life.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
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Hypothyroidism related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an emerging toxic effect of targeted therapy
Francesco Torino, Salvatore Maria Corsello, Raffaele Longo, Agnese Barnabei
and Giampietro Gasparini
p219 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.4
Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been
shown to induce hypothyroidism and thyroid dysfunction. The management
of thyroid dysfunction and possible related symptoms, such as fatigue,
represents a challenge to oncologists. The authors review the available
data of TKI-related thyroid dysfunction and propose a diagnostic and
therapeutic algorithm for the management of TKI-related hypothyroidism.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=39&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=44&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
VEGF inhibitors in the treatment of cerebral edema in patients with brain cancer
Elizabeth R. Gerstner, Dan G. Duda, Emmanuelle di Tomaso, Peter A. Ryg,
Jay S. Loeffler, A. Gregory Sorensen, Percy Ivy, Rakesh K. Jain and
Tracy T. Batchelor
p229 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.14
Most brain tumors secrete high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor,
which can lead to an abnormally permeable tumor vasculature. This
hyperpermeability causes vasogenic cerebral edema and increased interstitial
fluid pressure, which can prevent adequate penetration of chemotherapy
agents to the tumor. This Review focuses on the pathophysiology of
vasogenic edema and the potential utility of agents that target
angiogenesis, and particularly the vascular endothelial growth factor
pathway.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=23&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
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CASE STUDY
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Restoration of chemosensitivity by bortezomib: implications for refractory
myeloma
Chor Sang Chim, Yu Yan Hwang, Clara Pang and Tony W. Shek
p237 | doi:10.1038/nrclinonc.2009.15
Resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the major challenges in the
treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. Chim et al. report the case
of a 59-year-old woman with multiple myeloma, who progressed after treatment
with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Addition of bortezomib to her
treatment regimen resulted in complete regression of her disease. The
authors suggest that bortezomib can restore chemosensitivity of myeloma
cells in heavily pretreated, chemorefractory patients with multiple myeloma.
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=67&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=41&m=32237637&r=MTc2NDg2OTc4MQS2&b=2&j=NDcwMDc4MzES1&mt=1&rt=0
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