26 March 2009 Volume 458 Number 7237, pp 385 - 542
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EDITORIALS
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Embryonic education p385
Now that the US federal funding ban on human embryonic stem cells
is lifted, scientists must engage the public's concerns about
embryo research.
doi:10.1038/458385a
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A cut too far pp385-386
UK researchers are rightly outraged at one funding council's decision
to exclude certain applicants.
doi:10.1038/458385b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Property rights p385
The granting of patents on human genes has so far not been the disaster
it was predicted to be.
doi:10.1038/458386a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=123&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Deeper still and deeper p388
doi:10.1038/458388a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=302&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Marine biology: Snotty sampling p388
doi:10.1038/458388b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=230&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Molecular diagnostics: Like a record, baby p388
doi:10.1038/458388c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geosciences: Reefless madness p388
doi:10.1038/458388d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neuroscience: Spinal zap p388
doi:10.1038/458388e
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Condensed matter: Trolling for poles pp388-389
doi:10.1038/458388f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: Electric cows p389
doi:10.1038/458389a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=171&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Immunology: Self help p389
doi:10.1038/458389b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=95&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Entomology: Sick bugs take drugs p389
doi:10.1038/458389c
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Biomimetics: Steel strong, air light p389
doi:10.1038/458389d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p389
Paul J. Dyson
doi:10.1038/458389e
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NEWS
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Graphene gets ready for the big time pp390-391
Physicists are talking about how to make practical use of a former
laboratory curiosity.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/458390a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=16&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
UK funding ban sparks protests p391
EPSRC slammed for excluding some grant applicants.
Richard Van Noorden
doi:10.1038/458391a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Scuttled ship endangers marine science pp392-393
Weak pound forces UK to postpone building of research ship.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/458392a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=85&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Canadian science minister under fire p393
Comments on evolution spark fierce criticism.
Hannah Hoag
doi:10.1038/458393a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
More pain studies needed pp394-395
Scientists struggle to fund work on animal pain and distress.
Emma Marris
doi:10.1038/458394a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=70&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bills target biosimilar drugs pp394-395
House of Representatives divided over regulating generics.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/458394b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=98&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
NOAA chief ready to tackle climate p396
Jane Lubchenco takes the helm at oceanic and atmospheric agency.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/458396a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=124&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Funder moves to quell Turkish censorship row p397
doi:10.1038/458397a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=43&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Marine sequencing project embarks on another cruise p397
doi:10.1038/458397b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=276&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
US medical institute to set up African research centre p397
doi:10.1038/458397c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=92&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
US panel to guide treatment comparison p397
doi:10.1038/458397d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=60&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science head of energy department is named p397
doi:10.1038/458397e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=15&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Flames burn higher in Pacific 'ring of fire' p397
doi:10.1038/458397f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Aquaculture: Future fish pp398-400
The only way to meet the increasing demand for fish is through
aquaculture. Daniel Cressey explores the challenges for fish
farmers and what it means for dinner plates in 2030.
Daniel Cressey
doi:10.1038/458398a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astronomy: The rock that fell to Earth pp401-403
When an asteroid was spotted heading towards our planet last October,
researchers rushed to document a cosmic impact from start to finish
for the first time. Roberta Kwok tells the tale.
Roberta Kwok
doi:10.1038/458401a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=280&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
We need to tackle the mismatch between supply and demand p404
Yusuf A. Hannun
doi:10.1038/458404a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=242&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Review: important to prevent a return to abuses of the past p404
Herbert J. Bernstein
doi:10.1038/458404b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Review: necessary for protection even in minimal-risk research p404
David B. Resnik
doi:10.1038/458404c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=114&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
COMMENTARIES
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The dangers of diagnostic monopolies pp405-406
In the first of two commentaries on intellectual property, Robert
Cook-Deegan, Subhashini Chandrasekharan and Misha Angrist show how
the United States can address glitches with exclusive licences.
Robert Cook-Deegan, Subhashini Chandrasekharan and Misha Angrist
doi:10.1038/458405a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=266&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The phantom menace of gene patents pp407-408
In this, the second of two Commentaries, Sibylle Gaisser,
Michael M. Hopkins and colleagues discuss a survey demonstrating that
European health-care systems are ill prepared for the commercial
reality of gene patents.
Sibylle Gaisser et al.
doi:10.1038/458407a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=156&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
New technologies, same old politics pp409-410
Election campaigns are increasingly being staged online, but digital
innovation has brought few new voices into the political debate,
explains former parliamentarian Richard Allan.
Richard Allan reviews The Myth of Digital Democracy by Matthew
Hindman
doi:10.1038/458409a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Science for the greater economic good pp410-411
Michael Kelly reviews Tapping the Riches of Science: Universities
and the Promise of Economic Growth by Roger L. Geiger and
Creso M. Sa
doi:10.1038/458410a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=263&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Bringing clarity to complexity p411
Mark Buchanan reviews Complexity: A Guided Tour by Melanie Mitchell
doi:10.1038/458411a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=182&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Scientific symbolism p412
In his dynamic 1891 ceiling decoration for Paris's city hall,
Paul-Albert Besnard depicts the unveiling of truth by the sciences
and makes a statement as strong as that of the Impressionists,
explains Martin Kemp.
doi:10.1038/458412a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=294&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Palaeontology: Beyond the Age of Fishes pp413-414
Discovery of an unusually intact and ancient fossil fish provides
further evidence that the search for modern vertebrate origins
requires breaking out of the Devonian and into the preceding period.
Michael I. Coates
doi:10.1038/458413a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=215&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Astrophysics: Quiet is the new loud pp414-415
Understanding the mechanisms by which matter flows into black-hole
systems is pivotal to elucidating how such systems work. It seems
that a 'quiet' mass outflow can play a hitherto-unknown part in the
process.
Daniel Proga
doi:10.1038/458414a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Motor-neuron disease: Rogue gene in the family pp415-417
Various gene mutations contribute to the motor-neuron disease known
as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Further mutations that have been
identified could help to clarify the neurodegenerative mechanism in
this disorder.
Kristel Sleegers and Christine Van Broeckhoven
doi:10.1038/458415a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
50 & 100 years ago p416
doi:10.1038/458416a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=99&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Geochemistry: A glacial hangover pp417-418
The marine geochemical budget of some solutes does not add up. A
test case shows that at least part of the reason may lie in the
timescale over which continental weathering recovers from
glaciations.
Louis A. Derry
doi:10.1038/458417a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=131&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structural biology: Spliceosome subunit revealed pp418-419
The spliceosome enzyme binds to RNA transcripts at splice sites and
removes intron sequences. The crystal structure of a spliceosome
subunit shows how the enzyme recognizes one end of the intron.
Charles C. Query
doi:10.1038/458418a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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INSIGHT
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The ubiquitin system p421
Deepa Nath and Sadaf Shadan
doi:10.1038/458421a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=146&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Origin and function of ubiquitin-like proteins pp422-429
Mark Hochstrasser
doi:10.1038/nature07958
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=12&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ubiquitylation in innate and adaptive immunity pp430-437
Vijay G. Bhoj and Zhijian J. Chen
doi:10.1038/nature07959
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=33&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Targeting the ubiquitin system in cancer therapy pp438-444
Daniela Hoeller and Ivan Dikic
doi:10.1038/nature07960
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=300&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane
proteins pp445-452
Camilla Raiborg and Harald Stenmark
doi:10.1038/nature07961
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=285&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The ubiquitylation machinery of the endoplasmic reticulum pp453-460
Christian Hirsch et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07962
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=125&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Principles of ubiquitin and SUMO modifications in DNA repair
pp461-467
Steven Bergink and Stefan Jentsch
doi:10.1038/nature07963
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=238&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=183&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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The oldest articulated osteichthyan reveals mosaic gnathostome
characters pp469-474
This study presents an exceptionally well-preserved fossil fish from
the Silurian period (more than 418 million years ago) from southern
China. The new form shows a mix of derived and primitive features.
It is the earliest known well-preserved bony fish, and is a basal
member of the lobe-finned fishes (which includes, today, the
lungfishes, coelacanth and all land vertebrates), meaning that the
split between ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fishes must have
happened at least 419 million years ago, suggesting a deep history
for jawed vertebrates.
Min Zhu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07855
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=153&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=57&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Crystal structure of human spliceosomal U1 snRNP at 5.5 A
resolution pp475-480
In eukaryotes, many genes contain one or more introns --
sequences that are transcribed into mRNA, but which are then excised
before the mRNA is translated into protein. Multiprotein-RNA
complexes called snRNPs are the machinery that clips these introns
out. This study presents the structure of the U1 snRNP, which
assembles at the 5' end of the intron; the subunit
interactions suggest a model by which the snRNP is assembled and the
5' splice site is recognized.
Daniel A. Pomeranz Krummel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07851
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=247&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Accretion disk winds as the jet suppression mechanism in the
microquasar GRS 1915+105 pp481-484
Stellar-mass black holes with relativistic jets (microquasars) mimic
the behaviour of quasars and active galactic nuclei, but the
mechanisms that trigger and suppress jet formation remain a mystery.
Neilsen and Lee analyse the spectrum of microquasar GRS 1915+105 in
two different states -- faint, emitting hard X-rays, and
bright, emitting soft X-rays -- and conclude that a hot wind
off the accretion disk halts the flow of matter into the jet.
Joseph Neilsen and Julia C. Lee
doi:10.1038/nature07680
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=45&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
The impact and recovery of asteroid 2008 TC3 pp485-488
On 6 October 2008, a small asteroid designated 2008 TC3 hit the
Earth in northern Sudan. Jenniskens et al. searched along the
approach trajectory and luckily found 47 bits of a meteorite named
Almahata Sitta. Analysis reveals it to be a porous achondrite and a
polymict ureilite, and so the asteroid was F-class (dark carbon-rich
anomalous ureilites).
P. Jenniskens et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07920
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=139&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Electromotive force and huge magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel
junctions pp489-492
A static magnetic field should generate no e.m.f. in a closed
electrical circuit: but there is the possibility of generating an
e.m.f. of purely spin origin in a static magnetic field. Pham Nam
Hai and colleagues have now realised such an effect using magnetic
tunnel junctions containing nanoscale magnetic particles; the
resulting conversion of magnetic to electrical energy gives rise to
a huge magnetoresistance (as high as 100,000 per cent), and might
also form the basis of a 'spin battery'.
Pham Nam Hai et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07879
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=240&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Variable Quaternary chemical weathering fluxes and imbalances in
marine geochemical budgets pp493-496
Rivers are the dominant source of many elements and isotopes in the
ocean, but the fluxes vary with time. Derek Vance and colleagues
suggest that the pulse of rapid chemical weathering initiated at
the last deglaciation has not yet decayed away, and that weathering
rates remain about two to three times the average for an entire
late Quaternary glacial cycle. Consideration of such variability
largely ameliorates long-standing problems with chemical and
isotopic mass balances in the ocean.
Derek Vance, Damon A. H. Teagle and Gavin L. Foster
doi:10.1038/nature07828
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=18&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=219&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Volcanic mesocyclones pp497-500
In this paper the authors demonstrate that events such as the
massive Mount Pinatubo eruption are associated with the formation
of volcanic mesocycles, in which the eruption plume begins to
rotate and spreads into an asymmetric lobate umbrella. The work
outlines a new conceptual framework for the behaviour of volcanic
plumes and presents a clear avenue for future high-resolution remote
sensing campaigns.
Pinaki Chakraborty, Gustavo Gioia and Susan W. Kieffer
doi:10.1038/nature07866
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=74&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=234&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
neurons in the neocortex pp501-504
This study reveals that cells originating from the same mother cell
(ontogenetic radial clones) were more likely to be connected to
each other within the developing neocortex. These specific
microcircuits may underlie or contribute to the establishment of
interconnected local neuronal ensembles that define functional
cortical columns.
Yong-Chun Yu, Ronald S. Bultje, Xiaoqun Wang and Song-Hai Shi
doi:10.1038/nature07722
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Genetic architecture of mouse skin inflammation and tumour
susceptibility pp505-508
Using crosses between two strains of mice, one of which is
susceptible and the other resistant to tumour development, these
authors mapped genetic variants that contribute to skin cancer
susceptibility. By combining these data with gene expression in
normal skin they generated a network view of the gene expression
architecture of mouse skin and identify expression motifs that
contribute to tissue organization and various biological functions.
David A. Quigley et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07683
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=232&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
AIM2 activates the inflammasome and cell death in response to
cytoplasmic DNA pp509-513
In this paper AIM2 is shown to sense cytoplasmic DNA and to interact
with ASC in activation of caspase-1.
Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07710
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=180&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
AIM2 recognizes cytosolic dsDNA and forms a caspase-1-activating
inflammasome with ASC pp514-518
This paper shows that the protein AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2) is a
receptor of cytoplasmic DNA and the double-stranded DNA vaccinia
virus, and is a component of the inflammasome pathway for caspase-1
activation.
Veit Hornung et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07725
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Dynamic expression of epidermal caspase 8 simulates a wound healing
response pp519-523
This paper provides evidence for a role of caspase 8 in skin
homeostasis. Loss of epidermal caspase 8 promotes epidermal cell
proliferation and inflammation, and authors propose that caspase 8
expression by keratinocytes in the granular layer limits the release
of preformed IL1[alpha].
Pedro Lee et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07687
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=244&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Sphingosine-1-phosphate mobilizes osteoclast precursors and
regulates bone homeostasis pp524-528
Osteoclasts resorb bone and their precursor cells express
sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors. Too much S1P, and too many
osteoclast precursors move into the blood; too little S1P results in
increased attachment to bone and osteoporosis. Furthermore, S1P
receptor stimulation in live mice diminishes bone loss in a mouse
model of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Masaru Ishii et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07713
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=136&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=154&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromatin remodelling factor Mll1 is essential for neurogenesis from
postnatal neural stem cells pp529-533
Trithorax group (trxG) and Polycomb group (PcG) gene products are
part of a chromatin remodelling system that activates or silences
gene expression, respectively. This paper shows that show that Mll1
(mixed-lineage leukemia 1), a trxG member, is required for
neurogenesis in the postnatal brain. They show that, in
Mll1-deficient cells, expression of proneural and gliogenic
regulatory genes are preserved, but Dlx2, a key downstream
regulator of subventricular zone neurogenesis, is not expressed.
Daniel A. Lim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07726
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=269&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nicotine binding to brain receptors requires a strong cation-[pi]
interaction pp534-537
This paper investigates why nicotine selectively activates neuronal
and not muscular acetylcholine receptors, finding that a strong
cation-[pi] interaction, and also a hydrogen bond, form between
nicotine and a specific tryptophan residue in receptors composed of
[alpha]4 and [beta]2 subunits -- the subunit combination
thought to underlie nicotine addiction. Muscle-type receptors also
contain this tryptophan residue, but the cation-[pi] interaction
does not exist and the hydrogen bond is weaker, apparently due to
the overall shape of the binding pocket.
Xinan Xiu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07768
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=173&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=160&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
CORRIGENDA
----------------------
MicroRNAs to Nanog, Oct4 and Sox2 coding regions modulate embryonic
stem cell differentiation p538
Yvonne Tay et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07880
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=299&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
ABIN-1 is a ubiquitin sensor that restricts cell death and sustains
embryonic development p538
Shigeru Oshima et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07941
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
A change of scene p539
Naturejobs gets a facelift in print.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7237-539a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Career View
Thomas Lynch, director, Yale Cancer Center, and physician-in-chief,
Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut p540
Yale Cancer Center's new director aims to compete with the best.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7237-540a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=292&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A mixed bag for UK universities p540
RAE funds insufficient according to some top English universities.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7237-540b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=241&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
How low can I go? p540
I'm in serious postdoc limbo. Hopefully I won't fall flat on my face.
Julia Boughner
doi:10.1038/nj7237-540c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=227&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
String-driven thing p542
A knotty problem.
Vaughan Stanger
doi:10.1038/458542a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=270&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
25 March 2009
Haematopoietic stem cells depend on G[alpha]s-mediated signalling to
engraft bone marrow
Gregor B. Adams et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07859
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Zc3h12a is an RNase essential for controlling immune responses by
regulating mRNA decay
Kazufumi Matsushita et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07924
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=101&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
22 March 2009
Fused has evolved divergent roles in vertebrate Hedgehog signalling
and motile ciliogenesis
Christopher W. Wilson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07883
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
A massive hypergiant star as the progenitor of the supernova SN
2005gl
A. Gal-Yam and D. C. Leonard
doi:10.1038/nature07934
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=282&m=32189794&r=MjA1NTkxMDA2MAS2&b=2&j=NDY4NzIyMTYS1&mt=1&rt=0
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