March 2009 Volume 10 Number 3, pp 225 - 324
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A Focus and Poster on CD4+ T-cell diversity
This Focus issue, produced with support from Schering-Plough, covers the
latest research on how the differentiation of TH-cell subsets and regulatory
T cells is controlled.
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pathways that mediate the differentiation, survival, function and plasticity
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EDITORIAL
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Borrowing words, or claiming them? p225
Journals are taking steps to stem of the practice of plagiarism.
doi:10.1038/ni0309-225
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COMMENTARY
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Revolving doors: from academia to industry and back again
pp227 - 229
Is it possible to return from the industrial sector back to academia?
Although academic scientists have traditionally perceived this to be
akin to winning the Nobel prize, the personal experience of Ross Kedl
suggests that the reality is something quite different altogether.
Ross M Kedl
doi:10.1038/ni0309-227
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Developing NKT cells need their calcium pp231 - 233
Although the development of natural killer T cells is a T cell
antigen receptor-dependent process, the signaling pathways involved
are poorly defined. New data demonstrate that the
calcineurin-transcription factor NFAT pathway exerts a critical i
nfluence on this process by controlling the transcription factor Egr2.
Dale I Godfrey, Sanda Stankovic and Alan G Baxter
doi:10.1038/ni0309-231
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Intrinsic mRNA stability helps compose the inflammatory symphony
pp233 - 234
The intrinsic stability of mRNA is important in the regulation of
gene expression. New data show that the intrinsic stability of tumor
necrosis factor-induced mRNA transcripts strongly influences the
coordinated expression of genes that promote distinct phases of the
inflammatory response.
Paul Anderson
doi:10.1038/ni0309-233
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Deciding the decider: Mef2c in hematopoiesis pp235 - 236
Factors influencing progenitor cell 'choice' between lymphoid and
myeloid lineage fates are incompletely understood. New work
implicates the transcription factor Mef2c as one component needed
to promote lymphoid and suppress myeloid lineage differentiation.
Rachel M Gerstein
doi:10.1038/ni0309-235
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Don't leave home without it: the IL-23 visa to TH-17 cells
pp236 - 238
Interleukin 23 is tightly associated with TH-17 cell-mediated
inflammation and autoimmunity. A new study of mice deficient in
its receptor shows that interleukin 23 is required for the terminal
differentiation of TH-17 cells in vivo.
Yeonseok Chung and Chen Dong
doi:10.1038/ni0309-236
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Research Highlights p239
doi:10.1038/ni0309-239
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REVIEW
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The inflammasome: a caspase-1-activation platform that regulates
immune responses and disease pathogenesis pp241 - 247
Luigi Franchi, Tatjana Eigenbrod, Raul Munoz-Planillo and
Gabriel Nunez
doi:10.1038/ni.1703
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=93&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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Neuroimmune regulation of antimicrobial peptide expression by a
noncanonical TGF-beta signaling pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans
epidermis pp249 - 256
In worms, antimicrobial peptides contribute to the defense against
pathogen infection. Ewbank and colleagues describe a noncanonical
signaling pathway required for the induction of one particular family
of antimicrobial peptides.
Olivier Zugasti and Jonathan J Ewbank
doi:10.1038/ni.1700
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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The peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 facilitates cytokine-induced
survival of eosinophils by suppressing Bax activation pp257 - 265
The mechanism by which cytokines suppress Bax activation and
eosinophil apoptosis are not well understood. Malter and colleagues
pinpoint a function for the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in
mediating cytokine-induced suppression of Bax activation.
Zhong-Jian Shen et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1697
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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An orthogonal proteomic-genomic screen identifies AIM2 as a
cytoplasmic DNA sensor for the inflammasome pp266 - 272
The identity of the cytoplasmic DNA receptor that activates the
inflammasome has remained elusive. Superti-Furga and colleagues
use a proteomics screen to identity AIM2 as the DNA sensor for
the inflammasome.
Tilmann Burckstummer et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1702
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=49&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection
alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function
pp273 - 280
CD40 signals induce the production of interleukin 12 and interleukin
10 in uninfected and Leishmania major-infected macrophages,
respectively. Saha and colleagues suggest that L. major-induced
cholesterol depletion facilitates the assembly of distinct CD40
signalosomes.
Abdur Rub et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1705
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=52&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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The stability of mRNA influences the temporal order of the induction
of genes encoding inflammatory molecules pp281 - 288
Genes induced by inflammatory stimuli are expressed in a precise
temporal order. Baltimore and colleagues show that mRNA stability
exerts strong influence over the kinetics of the induction of genes
encoding inflammatory molecules.
Shengli Hao and David Baltimore
doi:10.1038/ni.1699
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=34&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=47&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulation of lymphoid versus myeloid fate 'choice' by the
transcription factor Mef2c pp289 - 296
Myeloid and lymphoid cells are derived from the same multipotent
progenitor cell. Camargo and colleagues show that the transcription
factor Mef2c restricts myeloid differentiation to favor production of
B, T and natural killer cells.
Sandra Stehling-Sun et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1694
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=79&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=75&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Influence of CRACC, a SLAM family receptor coupled to the adaptor
EAT-2, on natural killer cell function pp297 - 305
The biological function of the SLAM family receptor CRACC is not
known. Using a CRACC-deficient mouse, Veillette and colleagues show
that CRACC can activate or inhibit natural killer cells, depending
on the availability of the adaptor EAT-2.
Mario-Ernesto Cruz-Munoz et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1693
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=20&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=46&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
The gene encoding early growth response 2, a target of the
transcription factor NFAT, is required for the development and
maturation of natural killer T cells pp306 - 313
The signals that regulate the development of natural killer T cells
are not completely understood. Glimcher and colleagues document an
essential function for the transcription factor Egr2 in the
maturation of these cells.
Vanja Lazarevic et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1696
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=96&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
The interleukin 23 receptor is essential for the terminal
differentiation of interleukin 17-producing effector T helper
cells in vivo pp314 - 324
Whether interleukin 23 (IL-23) affects the differentiation of
or simply the maintenance of IL-17-producing helper T cells
(TH-17 cells) is unclear. Cua and colleagues show that IL-23 is
required for the full differentiation and proliferation of
effector TH-17 cells in vivo.
Mandy J McGeachy et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1698
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=2&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=4&m=31483148&r=MTc2NTA4MDAwNgS2&b=2&j=NDU4NzgwNDAS1&mt=1&rt=0
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