5 February 2009 Volume 457 Number 7230, pp 635 - 754
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EDITORIALS
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A crisis of confidence p635
With a surfeit of graduates for the available funds, the US
scientific endeavour is increasingly losing its lustre as a
career choice. The country needs to take stock and plan more
carefully for the future.
doi:10.1038/457635a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=138&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Against vicious activism p636
The US authorities need to strengthen their position on the
use of animals in experiments.
doi:10.1038/457636a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=175&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
No time for rhetoric p636
Nicolas Sarkozy must engage with French researchers if his
much-needed science reforms are to succeed.
doi:10.1038/457636b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=119&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
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Molecular biology: Industrial complex p638
doi:10.1038/457638a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=297&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Materials science: Graphene gets a fresh look p638
doi:10.1038/457638b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=229&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Physiology: Fake fingerprints p638
doi:10.1038/457638c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=199&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Microbiology: Community assistance p638
doi:10.1038/457638d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=218&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemical biology: Casting iron p638
doi:10.1038/457638e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=298&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Atmospheric physics: Particulate power pp638-639
doi:10.1038/457638f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=36&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Molecular biology: RNA repair p639
doi:10.1038/457639a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=170&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Nanotechnology: The fine print p639
doi:10.1038/457639b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=86&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biology: Stench sense p639
doi:10.1038/457639c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=228&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chemistry: Membranous mopping p639
doi:10.1038/457639d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=122&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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JOURNAL CLUB
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Journal club p639
Jean Dalibard
doi:10.1038/457639e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=157&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS
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India's drug problem pp640-641
Chemists show how waste-water contamination affects ecosystem.
Naomi Lubick
doi:10.1038/457640a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=155&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
French scientists revolt against government reforms pp640-641
Strike threatens to undermine Sarkozy's overhaul of universities.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/457640b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=68&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The lure of the lab pp642-643
Recession boosts applications to US graduate programmes.
Richard Monastersky
doi:10.1038/457642a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=76&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Hybrid embryos fail to live up to stem-cell hopes pp642-643
Strategy for creating pluripotent cells called into question.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/457642b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=126&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
'Experiments of concern' to be vetted online p643
Expert panel to offer advice on science with bioterror applications.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/457643a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=64&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Neanderthal genome to be unveiled
Draft sequence opens window on human relatives.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/457645a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=89&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Graphic detail: Venture capital avoids bloodbath p645
Cleantech boom defies downturn.
Heidi Ledford
doi:10.1038/457645b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=120&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cash concerns for Canadian scientists p646
Could programme cuts prompt a brain drain?
Hannah Hoag
doi:10.1038/457646a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=38&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Tighter nanotech regulations touted p647
Canada clamps down on nanomaterials.
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/457647a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=275&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Roche launches hostile bid for Genentech shares p648
doi:10.1038/457648a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=82&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Ebola virus hits more pig farmers in the Philippines p648
doi:10.1038/457648b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=55&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Austrian scientists rattled by threat to funding p648
doi:10.1038/457648c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=14&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
World's largest telescope under construction p648
doi:10.1038/457648d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=224&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
New York tops US technology-transfer league p648
doi:10.1038/457648e
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=151&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Refitted drilling ship sets sail p648
doi:10.1038/457648f
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=278&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRECTION
----------------------
Correction pp648-648
doi:10.1038/457648g
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=268&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COLUMN
----------------------
Beware politicians bearing gifts p649
The windfall for research in the proposed US stimulus package could
backfire if not handled properly, warns David Goldston.
doi:10.1038/457649a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=257&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS FEATURE
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Research funding: Closing arguments pp650-655
The battle to keep a lab funded can be long and painful. Meredith Wadman
meets two researchers who may be close to hanging up their coats.
doi:10.1038/457650a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=279&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Arizona's big city lights are damaging astronomy p657
Robert L. Millis
doi:10.1038/457657a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=239&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
It should be possible to replace animals in research p657
Bill Crum
doi:10.1038/457657b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=250&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Guarding Hubble telescope's future for posterity p657
Paul L. Schwartz
doi:10.1038/457657c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=109&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Benefits of stemming bovine TB need to be demonstrated p657
Paul Torgerson and David Torgerson
doi:10.1038/457657d
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=264&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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COMMENTARY
----------------------
Not honouring the code pp658-659
Countries are not complying with the UN Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fisheries. It's time some changes were made, say Tony Pitcher, Daniela
Kalikoski, Ganapathiraju Pramod and Katherine Short.
Tony Pitcher, Daniela Kalikoski, Ganapathiraju Pramod and
Katherine Short
doi:10.1038/457658a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=152&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ESSAY
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Being Human: Engineering: Worldwide ebb pp660-661
In the last in our series on being human, Melanie Moses gets to grips
with humanity's greatest challenge: how to reduce the demand for
energy in increasingly complex, networked and energy-dependent
societies.
Melanie Moses
doi:10.1038/457660a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=87&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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BOOKS AND ARTS
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Morals and manners in modern science pp662-663
Today's research enterprise is often portrayed as impersonal and
calculating, but a historical examination argues that scientists'
civility to each other is what holds the venture together.
Jerome Ravetz reviews The Scientific Life: A Moral History of a
Late Modern Vocation by Steven Shapin
doi:10.1038/457662a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=261&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Natural selection and the nation pp663-664
Andrew F. Read reviews Banquet at Delmonico's: Great Minds, the
Gilded Age, and the Triumph of Evolution in America by Barry Werth
doi:10.1038/457663a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=179&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Portraying the embryo p664
Alison Abbott reviews Making Visible Embryos by Tatjana Buklijas
and Nick Hopwood
doi:10.1038/457664a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=289&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
More than skin deep p665
From patriotism to martyrdom to surgery, Andrew Krasnow's American
flag made from human skin reveals many layers of what it is to be
human, finds Martin Kemp.
Martin Kemp reviews Flag from Flag Poll by Andrew Krasnow
doi:10.1038/457665a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=216&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Solid-state physics: Electrons in the fast lane pp667-668
Organic semiconductors that operate through the conduction of positive
charges are the first choice for use in printable electronic circuitry.
A device that uses electrons instead has just joined the rankings.
Henning Sirringhaus
doi:10.1038/457667a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=190&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Cell biology: How to combat stress pp668-669
Life is full of stress, and all life forms -- from bacteria to
humans -- have evolved ways of sensing and responding to it. The
latest findings shed light on how cells deal with stress.
Christopher V. Nicchitta
doi:10.1038/457668a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=253&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Climate change: Snakes tell a torrid tale pp669-671
The discovery in Colombia of a giant species of fossil snake is news
in itself. But a wider, more controversial inference to be drawn is
that tropical climate in the past was not buffered from global warming.
Matthew Huber
doi:10.1038/457669a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=90&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Quantum optics: A shift on a chip p671
The Lamb shift, a minute change in certain energy levels of quantum
systems that was first measured in atomic hydrogen some 60 years ago,
has now been observed in a solid-state superconducting system.
Douglas H. Bradshaw and Peter W. Milonni
doi:10.1038/457671a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=260&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Biogeochemistry: Early animals out in the cold pp672-673
The enduring controversy about the appearance of animals in the
evolutionary record takes a fresh twist with an analysis of molecular
fossils that places the rise of the sponge lineage before 635 million
years ago.
Jochen J. Brocks and Nicholas J. Butterfield
doi:10.1038/457672a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=271&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Computational chemistry: Dances with hydrogen cations pp673-674
Life depends on the flow of hydrogen cations in water, yet their dynamic
behaviour when in complex with water molecules is unknown. The latest
computer simulations cast light on the jiggling of these hydrated ions.
Sotiris S. Xantheas
doi:10.1038/457673a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=141&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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NEWS AND VIEWS Q&A
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Neuroscience: Glia -- more than just brain glue pp675-677
Glia make up most of the cells in the brain, yet until recently they
were believed to have only a passive, supporting role. It is now
becoming increasingly clear that these cells have other functions:
they make crucial contributions to the formation, operation and
adaptation of neural circuitry.
Nicola J. Allen and Ben A. Barres
doi:10.1038/457675a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=130&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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ARTICLES
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A high-mobility electron-transporting polymer for printed transistors
pp679-686
A range of plastic semiconductors have been developed that have the
combination of physical and chemical properties required to enable
printable electronic circuitry, but these are almost exclusively
'hole transporting' materials. If an electron-transporting equivalent
could be found, it could be combined with the existing classes of
materials to produce yet more powerful devices. This paper reports the
development of a such a material: the electron-transporting plastic
semiconductor exhibits unprecedented device performance, and is
compatible with a broad range of printing and processing technologies.
He Yan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07727
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=73&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=273&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The unfolded protein response signals through high-order assembly of
Ire1 pp687-693
Accumulation of misfolded proteins results in the activation of the
unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum. Ire1 is
important in this pathway and functions as a kinase and endoribonuclease.
This paper solves the crystal structure of Ire1 kinase and shows that it
undergoes spontaneous assembly into a rod-shaped oligomer. This
arrangement positions the kinase domains for trans-autophosphorylation,
orders the RNase domains and creates an interaction site for mRNA
substrate binding.
Alexei V. Korennykh et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07661
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=50&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=169&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Visualization of a missing link in retrovirus capsid assembly pp694-698
Retrovirus capsids are polymorphic, consisting of variable hexamer and
pentamer aggregates that are thought to reflect fullerenes. This paper
reports the cryo-electron microscopy analysis of RSV capsid protein
visualizing pentamers, and confirms that retrovirus capsid has a
fullerene-based architecture.
Giovanni Cardone et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07724
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=208&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=286&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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LETTERS
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A kiloparsec-scale hyper-starburst in a quasar host less than 1 gigayear
after the Big Bang pp699-701
The host galaxy of the quasar SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 has an infrared
luminosity of 2.2 1013 times that of the Sun. In the extremely luminous
'local' galaxy Arp 220, the burst of star formation is concentrated in
the relatively small central region of <100 pc radius. This study reports
that the star-forming gas of the host galaxy of J114816.64+525150.3 is
distributed over a radius of about 750 pc around the centre. The surface
density of the star formation rate averaged over this region is comparable
to the peak in Arp 220, although about two orders of magnitude larger in
area.
Fabian Walter et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07681
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=225&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=71&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Spin state tomography of optically injected electrons in a
semiconductor pp702-705
A more straightforward and general scheme to measure electron spin
coherence based on Kerr rotation but modified so that a spin
projection measurement can be done on an arbitrary set of basis states
has been developed. This allows a direct tomographic measurement of
electron spin precession in a semiconductor structure, and offers a
universal tool for performing preparation and read-out of a spin
quantum state in a solid.
Hideo Kosaka et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07729
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=181&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=291&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent
electrodes pp706-710
High-performance, transparent and stretchable electrodes are in demand
for the development of flexible electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Graphene is a candidate as the basis material, because of its excellent
optical, electrical and mechanical properties. This paper describes a
technique to grow centimetre-scale films using chemical vapour deposition
on nickel films and a method to pattern and transfer the films to arbitrary
substrates. The electrical conductance and optical transparency are as
high as those for microscale graphene films.
Keun Soo Kim et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07719
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=132&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=243&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the surface
subpolar North Atlantic pp711-714
This study investigates the temperature and salinity changes of
surface water inflow to a region of deep-water formation throughout
the Holocene. It is found that the inflow has undergone millennial-scale
variations in temperature and salinity that correlate with previously
reported periods of rapid climate change. The inflow becomes more
saline during enhanced freshwater flux to the subpolar North Atlantic.
Model studies predict a weakening of Atlantic meridional overturning
circulation in response to enhanced Arctic freshwater fluxes, although
the inflow can compensate on decadal timescales by becoming more saline.
David J. R. Thornalley, Harry Elderfield and I. Nick McCave
doi:10.1038/nature07717
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=272&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=40&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Giant boid snake from the Palaeocene neotropics reveals hotter past
equatorial temperatures pp715-717
The discovery of the world's largest snake has important implications
for our understanding of the evolution of global climate. The snake, a
relative of the boa constrictor, was 13 metres long and would have
weighed more than a tonne. It lived in tropical South America around 60
million years ago. A snake this size would have required mean annual
temperatures between 30-34 [deg]C, higher than the tropics today.
Jason J. Head et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07671
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=78&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=91&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Fossil steroids record the appearance of Demospongiae during the
Cryogenian period pp718-721
This paper reports chemical fossils characteristic of sponges that date
back at least 635 million years ago, constituting the earliest evidence
yet found for animal life. The sponges lived during the Marinoan
glaciation, the last of the immense ice ages at the end of the
Neoproterozoic. No evidence has been found for animal life during
the earlier Sturtian glaciation.
Gordon D. Love et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07673
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=176&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=97&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A human natural killer cell subset provides an innate source of IL-22
for mucosal immunity pp722-725
This study identifies a subset of natural killer (NK) cells in the gut
that produce interleukin-22, rather than mediate target cell killing.
It is suggested that these NK cells, referred to as NK-22 cells, may
help constrain inflammation and contribute to the maintenance of mucosal
integrity.
Marina Cella et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07537
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=251&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=103&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Signalling through RHEB-1 mediates intermittent fasting-induced longevity
in C. elegans pp726-730
Dietary restriction can extend lifespan in various species. In mammals,
intermittent fasting can also extend lifespan and reduce the incidence of
age-related disorders. It is shown that intermittent fasting can effectively
extend the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, and that the low molecular
weight GTPase RHEB-1 has a central role in lifespan regulation.
Sakiko Honjoh, Takuya Yamamoto, Masaharu Uno and Eisuke Nishida
doi:10.1038/nature07583
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=115&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=233&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chlamydia causes fragmentation of the Golgi compartment to ensure
reproduction pp731-735
Chlamydia trachomatis is an intracellular pathogen that relies on host
lipids for growth. It is shown that bacterial infection induces Golgi
apparatus fragmentation through cleavage and activation of golgin-84,
thereby providing a mechanism for lipid acquisition.
Dagmar Heuer et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07578
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=54&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=204&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Messenger RNA targeting to endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling
sites pp736-740
It is shown that after activation, Ire1 molecules cluster into discrete
foci containing high order oligomers on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
HAC1 mRNA is recruited to these foci by means of a sequence in its 3'
UTR and is processes at these sites. Disruption of either Ire1 clustering
or HAC1 mRNA recruitment impairs UPR signalling. Hence HAC1 mRNA is delivered
to a site where it is processed thus ensuring that it is only translated
when UPR is on.
Tomas Aragon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07641
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=222&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=231&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Peptide neurotransmitters activate a cation channel complex of NALCN and
UNC-80 pp741-744
Substance P is a neuropeptide that evokes slow excitation after activation
of its cognate G-protein-coupled receptor. This study investigates the
downstream pathway and shows that it depends on Src family kinases, rather
than G-protein signalling.
Boxun Lu et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07579
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=293&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=166&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Counting RAD51 proteins disassembling from nucleoprotein filaments
under tension pp745-748
DNA strand exchange results in a physical linkage between two homologous
DNAs. The RecA/RAD51 family of ATPases mediates strand exchange by forming
a long filament on the DNA. This paper uses a single-molecule approach to
elucidate how the filament is disassembled once the strands are exchanged,
and how this process relates to the energy released by nucleotide hydrolysis.
Joost van Mameren et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07581
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=35&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=177&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospects
Hope in the recession p749
Could the financial downturn be a window of opportunity for scientists?
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7230-749a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=246&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Postdocs and Students
Salaries in the balance p750
Postdoc salaries vary widely at every level, from countries down to
individual teams.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7230-750a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=51&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Thomas Henzinger, president, Institute of Science and Technology Austria,
Klosterneuburg, Austria p752
Computer scientist takes the helm at new Austrian science and
technology institute.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7230-752a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=104&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Scientists without borders p752
Study warns that current visa and export policies hamper growth
in science jobs.
Karen Kaplan
doi:10.1038/nj7230-752b
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=198&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Life's bitter-sweet symphony p752
Finding harmony as a postdoc and a father.
Bryan Venters
doi:10.1038/nj7230-752c
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=42&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Commitment p754
The wheels of justice.
John Gilbey
doi:10.1038/457754a
http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=267&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
04 February 2009
Crystal structure of an avian influenza polymerase PAN reveals an endonuclease
active site
Puwei Yuan et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07720
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=281&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=144&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Structure and function of the 5'-3' exoribonuclease Rat1
and its activating partner Rai1
Song Xiang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07731
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=178&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=197&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Association of reactive oxygen species levels and radioresistance in
cancer stem cells
Maximilian Diehn et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07733
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=117&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=248&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
The cap-snatching endonuclease of influenza virus polymerase resides in
the PA subunit
Alexandre Dias et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07745
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=30&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=162&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Role of Jhdm2a in regulating metabolic gene expression and obesity
resistance
Keisuke Tateishi, Yuki Okada, Eric M. Kallin and Yi Zhang
doi:10.1038/nature07777
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=202&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=84&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
01 February 2009
Phytoplankton in the ocean use non-phosphorus lipids in response to
phosphorus scarcity
Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07659
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=283&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=288&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
A single regulatory gene is sufficient to alter bacterial host range
Mark J. Mandel et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07660
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=121&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=287&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Chromatin signature reveals over a thousand highly conserved large
non-coding RNAs in mammals
Mitchell Guttman et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07672
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=237&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=255&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4
to control TH2 responses
Ye Zheng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07674
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=149&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=7&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Transmembrane passage of hydrophobic compounds through a protein
channel wall
Elizabeth M. Hearn et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07678
Abstract: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=118&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
Article: http://links.ealert.nature.com/ctt?kn=290&m=31251641&r=MTc2MTc4Mzk0MQS2&b=2&j=NDU1NzY2OTQS1&mt=1&rt=0
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