November 2008 Volume 9 Number 11, pp 1199 - 1315
Visit Nature Immunology online to browse the journal.
Now available at http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0iXc0E3
Please note that you need to be a subscriber to enjoy full text
access to Nature Immunology online. To purchase a subscription,
please visit:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0bKq0Ew
Alternatively, to recommend a subscription to your library,
please visit
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0BTLW0EP
=====================================================================
Nature Methods Editors are seeking your input in helping us select the Method of the Year 2008.
Participate in the selection of the Method of the Year 2008!
Visit http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B6ep0Ej to cast your vote or nominate a candidate method.
=====================================================================
----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
Big money, little science? p1199
Turmoil in the world financial markets has forced big government
spending to relieve the crisis-but at what cost?
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1199a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GU0Eo
Fostering hope and wonder p1199
The Large Hadron Collider exemplifies big, bold science that can
bring great breakthroughs and, perhaps equally importantly, inspire
the public's sense of purpose and possibility.
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1199b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GV0Ep
----------------------
COMMENTARY
----------------------
The early days of the HIV-AIDS epidemic in the USA
pp1201 - 1203
The work of epidemiologists before the isolation of human
immunodeficiency virus 25 years ago demonstrates the power of the
epidemiological method to gain an understanding of disease
pathogenesis.
Harold W Jaffe
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1201
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GW0Eq
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Cancer exploiting complement: a clue or an exception?
pp1205 - 1206
Cancer cells are more resistant to complement-mediated lysis and
use this attribute to set up a locally immunosuppressive environment.
However, new findings suggest that tumor-driven complement activation
can also provide the tumor a growth advantage.
Bruce E Loveland and Jonathan Cebon
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1205
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GX0Er
Immunodeficiency: when T cells are stuck at home
pp1207 - 1208
A flurry of studies has suggested the importance of the actin
regulator coronin 1A in lymphocyte development. Now, mutants of
this regulator are shown to cause immunodeficiency in both mice
and humans.
Kristin A Hogquist
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1207
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GY0Es
Activated pDCs: open to new antigen-presentation possibilities
pp1208 - 1210
Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules present
peptides to CD4+ T cells. New findings indicate that conventional
and plasmacytoid dendritic cells handle these molecules differently
after activation.
Tineke van den Hoorn and Jacques Neefjes
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1208
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8GZ0Et
IFN-gamma and self-absorbed CD4+ T cells: a regulatory double
negative pp1210 - 1212
Interferon-gamma exerts many effects on the immune system. A new
report shows that it induces both autophagy and Irgm1, a GTPase that
protects activated CD4+ T cells from executing autophagy.
David Hildeman and Edith Janssen
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1210
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Ga0E1
Research Highlights p1213
doi:10.1038/ni1108-1213
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gb0E2
=====================================================================
EVERYTHING YOU NEED FOR ASSAY DEVELOPMENT
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR04Ae0Eo
At Randox a team of highly skilled R&D scientists and a state-of-the-art
facility ensure the production of highest-quality monoclonal, polyclonal
and recombinant antibodies, conjugates and human recombinant proteins.
The Randox Life Sciences department can offer you the complete package
for a variety of research applications including assay develo
pment to meet all your needs. To order all your Life Science products
online and view the complete range please click here
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0Bz4l0Ey
=====================================================================
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
New developments in mast cell biology pp1215 - 1223
Janet Kalesnikoff and Stephen J Galli
doi:10.1038/ni.f.216
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gc0E3
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gd0E4
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Modulation of the antitumor immune response by complement
pp1225 - 1235
Tumors often resist immune-mediated destruction because of the
presence of suppressor cells. Lambris and colleagues show that
activated complement C5a helps mediate this effect by recruiting
myeloid suppressor cells to the tumor microenvironment.
Maciej M Markiewski et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1655
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Ge0E5
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gf0E6
Phosphorylation-dependent interaction between antigenic peptides
and MHC class I: a molecular basis for the presentation of
transformed self pp1236 - 1243
Activation of intracellular signaling pathways can result in MHC
binding to and presentation of phosphorylated peptides. Engelhard
and colleagues identify a unique phosphorylated peptide-MHC binding
mode that allows solvent exposure of phosphorylated residues.
Fiyaz Mohammed et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1660
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gg0E7
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gh0E8
Differential MHC class II synthesis and ubiquitination confers
distinct antigen-presenting properties on conventional and
plasmacytoid dendritic cells pp1244 - 1252
The antigen-presenting abilities of plasmacytoid dendritic cells
(DCs) are not well characterized. Villadangos and colleagues show
that unlike conventional DCs, plasmacytoid DCs continue to synthesize
and degrade MHC class II molecules, and thereby present endogenous
viral antigen, after activation.
Louise J Young et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1665
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gi0EA
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gj0EB
CCR9 expression defines tolerogenic plasmacytoid dendritic cells
able to suppress acute graft-versus-host disease pp1253 - 1260
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are best known as potent producers of
type I interferon. Butcher and colleagues identify a subset of these
cells, characterized by CCR9 expression, that can elicit tolerance
in the gut.
Husein Hadeiba et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1658
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gk0EC
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gl0ED
Triggering the succinate receptor GPR91 on dendritic cells enhances
immunity pp1261 - 1269
Succinate is a Krebs cycle intermediate. Carballido and colleagues
show that succinate released by necrotic cells also functions as an
'alarmin' by activating dendritic cells that express the succinate
receptor GPR91.
Tina Rubic et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1657
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gm0EE
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gn0EF
CEACAM1 inhibits Toll-like receptor 2-triggered antibacterial
responses of human pulmonary epithelial cells pp1270 - 1278
Some bacteria evade immune detection in the human respiratory tract.
Slevogt and colleagues show that bacterial stimulation of the
ITIM-containing CEACAM1 protein initiates signals that suppress
TLR2-induced Akt activation and inflammation.
Hortense Slevogt et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1661
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Go0EG
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gp0EH
The immunity-related GTPase Irgm1 promotes the expansion of
activated CD4+ T cell populations by preventing
interferon-gamma-induced cell death pp1279 - 1287
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is toxic to cells, yet
IFN-gamma-producing cells survive. Feng and colleagues show that
expression of the GTPase Irgm1 in these cells confers protection
against IFN-gamma toxicity.
Carl G Feng et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1653
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gq0EI
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gr0EJ
Priming for T helper type 2 differentiation by interleukin 2-mediated
induction of interleukin 4 receptor alpha-chain expression
pp1288 - 1296
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) drives T helper type 2 differentiation, whereas
IL-2 augments Il4 chromatin accessibility. Leonard and colleagues now
find that IL-2 also maintains the expression of Il4ra and other genes
in T helper type 2-committed cells.
Wei Liao et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1656
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gs0EK
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gt0EL
Interactions among the transcription factors Runx1, ROR gamma t
and Foxp3 regulate the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing T
cells pp1297 - 1306
The transcriptional regulation of Il17 expression is not well
understood. Strober and colleagues identify conserved noncoding
sequences that, by a mechanism dependent on differential binding of
Runx1 to ROR gamma t and Foxp3, regulate Il17 expression.
Fuping Zhang, Guangxun Meng and Warren Strober
doi:10.1038/ni.1663
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gu0EM
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gv0EN
The actin regulator coronin 1A is mutant in a thymic egress-deficient
mouse strain and in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency
pp1307 - 1315
Defective thymic egress in mice is associated with the peripheral T
cell deficiency (Ptcd) locus. Cyster and colleagues find that the
actin regulator coronin 1A is mutant in Ptcd and in an atypical
patient with SCID.
Lawrence R Shiow et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1662
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gw0EO
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gx0EP
=====================================================================
Nature Reviews Microbiology
Evaluating Diagnostics: the CD4 guide
Accurate CD4 counts are crucial laboratory markers for assessing immunodeficiency
and the risk of disease progression in HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 causes a huge burden
of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. This fourth supplement
in the series on evaluating diagnostics focuses on CD4 immunodiagnostics, which can be
used to monitor CD4 counts, decide when to treat individuals with antivirals and whether
treatments are effective.
Access the CD4 Guide online at http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0B8Gy0EQ
Produced in collaboration with TDR
=====================================================================
You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have
opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail
alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com
account at:
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoKC0Xztnp0HjR0Zzu0Ef
(You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant).
For further technical assistance, please contact our registration
department:
registration@nature.com
For print subscription enquiries, please contact our subscription
department:
subscriptions@nature.com
For other enquiries, please contact our customer feedback department:
feedback@nature.com
Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th Floor | New York |
NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's worldwide offices:
London - Paris - Munich - New Delhi - Tokyo - Melbourne -
San Diego - San Francisco - Washington - New York - Boston
(c) Copyright 2008 Nature Publishing Group
=====================================================================
