30 October 2008 Volume 455 Number 7217 pp1149-1278
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A World of Science in the Developing World
A supplement to Nature Publishing Group
Today, more than ever, the public and policymakers
are looking to the community of scientific researchers
to play a fundamental role in addressing present and
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
America's choice p1149
The values of scientific enquiry, rather than any particular policy
positions on science, suggest a preference for one US presidential
candidate over the other.
doi:10.1038/4551149a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85j0EQ
Growing stronger pp1149-1150
Science in developing countries can withstand the current economic
climate.
doi:10.1038/4551149b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85k0ER
A risk worth taking p1150
An experiment by the Gates Foundation is food for thought for other
research agencies.
doi:10.1038/4551150a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85l0ES
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Turn of the screw p1152
doi:10.1038/4551152a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85m0ET
Zoology: Hot and bothered p1152
doi:10.1038/4551152b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85n0EU
Molecular biology: Stemming senescence p1152
doi:10.1038/4551152c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85o0EV
Chemical biology: NO problem p1152
doi:10.1038/4551152d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85p0EW
Condensed-matter physics: Sound trap p1152
doi:10.1038/4551152e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85q0EX
Zoology: Born to reign pp1152-1153
doi:10.1038/4551152f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85r0EY
Neuroscience: Twitchy details p1153
doi:10.1038/4551153a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85s0EZ
Molecular biology: On the mend p1153
doi:10.1038/4551153b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85t0Ea
Ecology: Cone heads p1153
doi:10.1038/4551153c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85u0Eb
Astronomy: Planet probing p1153
doi:10.1038/4551153d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85v0Ec
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p1153
Bartosz Grzybowski
doi:10.1038/4551153e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85w0Ed
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
Stem-cell law goes to the polls pp1154-1155
The 4 November election will settle more than who sits in
the White House.
Ashley Yeager
doi:10.1038/4551154b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85x0Ee
Alzheimer's tests under fire pp1155-1155
Gene test is taken off the market.
Erika Check Hayden
doi:10.1038/4551155a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85y0Ef
No burial for 10,000-year-old bones pp1156-1157
University of California denies request for repatriation of remains.
Rex Dalton
doi:10.1038/4551156a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B85z0Eg
Gabon centre refocuses on emerging diseases pp1156-1157
Incoming director-general aims to reinvigorate medical institution.
Declan Butler
doi:10.1038/4551156b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8510ET
German authority halts primate work p1159
Licence for macaque experiments will not be renewed.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/4551159a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8520EU
Salmon study sparks row over dams p1160
Results dismissing link to fish mortality are called into question.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/4551160a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8530EV
Older scientists publish more papers p1161
Age is no barrier to productivity.
Geoff Brumfiel
doi:10.1038/4551161a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8540EW
Rare greenhouse gas adds to climate concerns pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8550EX
Rice pathogen is added to list of bioterror agents pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8560EY
Fall in profits prompts major job cuts at Merck pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8570EZ
Swedish basic research receives funding boost p1163
doi:10.1038/4551163d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8580Ea
NASA clamps down on conference attendance pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86A0Ek
India makes history with launch of Moon mission pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86B0El
----------------------
CORRECTION
----------------------
Correction pp1163-1163
doi:10.1038/4551163g
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86C0Em
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Pharmaceutical futures: A fiendish puzzle pp1164-1167
Where should the drug industry go to find new ideas? In the first
of two features, Alison Abbott asks if the future lies in systems
biology — a field that attempts to piece together 'everything'.
In the second, David Cyranoski looks at drug companies' attraction
to China.
doi:10.1038/4551164a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86D0En
Pharmaceutical futures: Made in China? pp1168-1170
Where should the drug industry go to find new ideas? In the first
of two features, Alison Abbott asked if the future lies in systems
biology - a field that attempts to piece together 'everything'.
In this, the second pharmaceutical futures feature, David Cyranoski
looks at drug companies' attraction to China.
doi:10.1038/4551168a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86E0Eo
US election: Ghosts in the machine pp1171-1174
Electronic voting machines were supposed to vanquish unreliable counts.
They did not - but David Lindley finds that other technologies present
their own problems.
doi:10.1038/4551171a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86F0Ep
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Paradox of flying to meetings to protect the environment p1175
David Gremillet
doi:10.1038/4551175a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86G0Eq
Science students need to develop the skills of artists p1175
Kenneth R. Jolls
doi:10.1038/4551175b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86H0Er
Military government support of science in Pakistan is illusory
pp1175-1176
Muhammad Naim Siddiqi and Abdul Wahab Yusufzai
doi:10.1038/4551175c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86I0Es
Doping: world agency sets standards to promote fair play p1176
Arne Ljungqvist, Luis Horta and Gary Wadler
doi:10.1038/4551176a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86J0Et
Doping: using flexible criteria could reduce false positives p1176
N. M. Faber
doi:10.1038/4551176b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86K0Eu
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
Modest heroines of time and space pp1177-1178
Patricia Fara reviews Ruth Belville: The Greenwich Time Lady
by David Rooney
The Georgian Star: How William and Caroline Herschel Revolutionized
our Understanding of the Cosmos by Michael D. Lemonick
doi:10.1038/4551177a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86L0Ev
Election reading p1178
doi:10.1038/4551178a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86M0Ew
No species is an island pp1178-1179
Emma Marris reviews The Loom of Life: Unravelling Ecosystems
by Menno Schilthuizen
doi:10.1038/4551178b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86N0Ex
Paris feels the polar chill pp1179-1180
Colin Martin reviews Atmosphere ... The Climate Revealed by Ice
doi:10.1038/4551179a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86O0Ey
A snapshot of hidden science history p1180
Erika Check Hayden reviews Brought to Light: Photography and the
Invisible, 1840-1900
doi:10.1038/4551180a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86P0Ez
----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
Economics needs a scientific revolution p1181
Financial engineers have put too much faith in untested axioms and
faulty models, says Jean-Philippe Bouchaud. To prevent economic
havoc, that needs to change.
doi:10.1038/4551181a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86Q0E1
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Earth science: The sands of tsunami time pp1183-1184
The scale of the 2004 tsunami that devastated shores around the
Indian Ocean has no precedent in written histories of the region.
But evidence of similar events has been unearthed from the
geological record.
Stein Bondevik
doi:10.1038/4551183a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86R0E2
Evolutionary biology: Small regulatory RNAs pitch in pp1184-1185
How did organismal complexity evolve at a cellular level, and how
does a genome encode it? The answer might lie in differences, not
in the number of genes an organism has, but rather in the regulation
of gene expression.
Ulrich Technau
doi:10.1038/4551184a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86S0E3
Analytical chemistry: Plasma bubbles detect elements pp1185-1186
Bunsen didn't just invent the burner — he also worked on spectral
analysis, in which compounds are heated in flames to produce distinctive
light emissions. The latest device replaces flames with microplasmas.
Jose A. C. Broekaert
doi:10.1038/4551185a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86T0E4
Cell biology: A Listeria escape trick pp1186-1187
Pathogens have many ways of subverting their hosts' molecular machinery.
A striking example of such a ploy comes to light from investigations of
the species of bacterium that causes listeriosis.
Grace Y. Lam & John H. Brumell
doi:10.1038/4551186a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86U0E5
Condensed-matter physics: Borderline metals pp1188-1189
The standard model of metals is found to fail in several cases. The
long-sought-after marginal state in which such a breakdown occurs
has been identified in a metal on the border of ferromagnetism.
Christian Pfleiderer
doi:10.1038/4551188a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86V0E6
Structural biology: Serpins' mystery solved pp1189-1190
Polymers of misfolded proteins underlie many diseases, including major
neurodegenerative disorders. Structural data on how such aggregates
of serpin proteins form answer several outstanding questions.
James C. Whisstock & Stephen P. Bottomley
doi:10.1038/4551189a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86W0E7
Obituary: Brian Pippard (1920-2008) p1191
Low-temperature physicist who excelled in subtle intuitive concepts.
John Waldram
doi:10.1038/4551191a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86X0E8
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATION ARISING
----------------------
The fourth circuit element pE13
Neil D. Mathur
doi:10.1038/nature07437
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86Y0EA
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86Z0EB
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=====================================================================
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting
RNAs in animals p1193
This paper identifies small RNAs from animal phyla that diverged before
the emergence of the Bilateria, the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis
and the poriferan Amphimedon queenslandica. Animal miRNA evolution
seems to have been relatively dynamic, with precursor sizes and mature
miRNA sequences differing greatly between poriferans, cnidarians and
bilaterians. Nonetheless, miRNAs and piRNAs have been available as
classes of riboregulators to shape gene expression throughout the
evolution and radiation of animal phyla.
Andrew Grimson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07415
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86b0EJ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86c0EK
Activity-dependent regulation of inhibitory synapse development
by Npas4 p1198
This study identifies the transcription factor Npas4 as central to
the expression of a genetic program devoted to GABAergic-inhibitory
synaptogenesis. The work will open new avenues of research to tackle
the numerous devastating neurological disorders that result from
imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition.
Yingxi Lin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07319
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86d0EL
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86e0EM
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 in MLL leukaemia maintenance
and targeted therapy p1205
A surprising positive role has been found for glycogen synthase
kinase 3 (GSK3) in a form of leukaemia that is driven by alterations
in the MLL oncogene. GSK3 inhibitors are being developed for other
indications and may also prove useful for treating this form
of leukaemia.
Zhong Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07284
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86f0EN
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86g0EO
TMEM16A confers receptor-activated calcium-dependent chloride
conductance p1210
Ca2+ activated chloride channels have a fundamental role in many
physiological processes, but their molecular identity has so far evaded
characterization. This paper shows that the transmembrane protein
TMEM16A forms a Ca2+ activated chloride channel and its knockdown
impairs salivary secretion in mice.
Young Duk Yang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07313
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86h0EP
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86i0EQ
=====================================================================
Europe's Largest Source of Cultures Launched
Cell lines, bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycoplasmas, an array of
associated services and technical information are now available
from http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B88m0EW the new website launched by
the Health Protection Agency (HPA) Culture Collections.
=====================================================================
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
Squeezing and entanglement in a Bose–Einstein condensate p1216
This paper demonstrates spin squeezed states in an atomic interferometer
by splitting a Bose–Einstein condensate into a few parts using an
optical lattice potential. The measurements imply entanglement between
the particles, a resource that would allow a precision gain of 3.8 dB
over the standard quantum limit for interferometric measurements.
J. Estève, C. Gross, A. Weller, S. Giovanazzi & M. K. Oberthaler
doi:10.1038/nature07332
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86k0ES
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86l0ET
Marginal breakdown of the Fermi-liquid state on the border of
metallic ferromagnetism pp1220-1223
The low temperature properties of conventional metals are described
by Fermi liquid theory. But examples of metallic systems have been
found in which Fermi liquid theory breaks down. This paper describes
one such example in which the non Fermi liquid properties can be
attributed to a specific process, the long range interactions between
the electronic spins in a metal that is on the verge of becoming
magnetic. Such a system is known as a 'marginal' Fermi liquid, and
provides a conceptual link between classical metals and more exotic
non Fermi systems.
R. P. Smith et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07401
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86m0EU
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86n0EV
Low-speed fracture instabilities in a brittle crystal pp1224-1227
Multiscale models predict detailed features of surfaces left by crack
propagation and rationalize the occurrence of fracture instabilities
in silicon. As a crack propagates along the most stable cleavage plane
in silicon at relatively low speeds (800 m/s), an instability suddenly
appears. This study finds that beyond the very tip of the crack, bonds
are broken one atomic layer below the fracture plane leading to a
systematic downward deflection of the crack. Conversely, deflecting
of fracture on another cleavage plane of silicon occur when the
fracture speed is very high.
J. R. Kermode et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07297
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86o0EW
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86p0EX
Medieval forewarning of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Thailand
pp1228-1231
Recent centuries provide no precedent for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami,
either on the distant coasts it devastated or within its source area.
This paper uses sedimentary evidence at a grassy beach ridge plain
125 km north of Phuket to identify earlier sand sheets that indicate
that several tsunamis occurred over the past 2,800 years. The most
recent full size predecessor to the 2004 tsunami seems to have occurred
about 550–700 years ago.
Kruawun Jankaew et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07373
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86q0EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8280EX
A 1,000-year sediment record of tsunami recurrence in northern Sumatra
pp1232-1234
The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 reached maximum wave heights of 35 m
in Aceh, the northernmost province of Sumatra. This paper reports the
examination of sedimentary evidence in the area to extend the tsunami
history over 1,000 years into Aceh's past. The 2004 tsunami deposited
a sand sheet up to 1.8 km inland. Sediment cores from these coastal
marshes revealed two older extensive sand sheets with similar sedimentary
characteristics. These sheets probably resulted from earlier tsunamis.
Katrin Monecke et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07374
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86r0EZ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B83A0Eh
Agrochemicals increase trematode infections in a declining
amphibian species pp1235-1239
Declines in global amphibian species and numbers have been attributed
to disease, climate change and habitat loss. To that list, we can now
add the widely used agrochemicals atrazine and phosphate, which this
paper shows are associated with the abundance of trematode parasites
in the declining northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens.
Jason R. Rohr et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07281
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86s0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86t0Eb
Small-amplitude cycles emerge from stage-structured interactions
in Daphnia-algal systems pp1240-1243
This paper blends theory and experiment to explore dynamical mechanisms
that give rise to different types of predator–prey cycles. The theory
predicts a new type of small amplitude cycle that coexists with large
amplitude fluctuations in coupled consumer–resource systems. It is then
shown that small amplitude cycles with the predicted characteristics
occur in a Daphnia–algal system.
Edward McCauley, William A. Nelson and Roger M. Nisbet
doi:10.1038/nature07220
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86u0Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86v0Ed
GILT is a critical host factor for Listeria monocytogenes infection
p1244
Listeria monocytogenes escapes the macrophage phagolysosome with the
help of a secreted pore forming haemolysin called LLO. It is now
demonstrated that LLO is activated by the soluble thiol reductase
GILT, establishing a new important host factor required for
L. monocytogenes pathogenesis.
Reshma Singh, Amanda Jamieson & Peter Cresswell
doi:10.1038/nature07344
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86w0Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86x0Ef
Non-random segregation of sister chromosomes in Escherichia coli
pp1248-1250
When a bacterial cell replicates its circular genome, one chromosome
is generated from leading strand synthesis, and the other from lagging
strand synthesis. Previous studies have suggested that this may
difference may dictate where the chromosome locates during cell
division, but direct evidence for this model was lacking. This work
devises a system to allow tracking of each strand, and it is found
that leading and lagging strand chromosomes are targeted to distinct
cellular locations during division.
Martin A. White et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07282
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86y0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B86z0Eh
Comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based proteome quantification of
haploid versus diploid yeast p1251
Mass spectrometry and SILAC based proteomics approaches have been used
to comprehensively identify and quantify the endogenous proteins in
haploid versus diploid yeast cells.
Lyris M. F. de Godoy et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07341
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8610EU
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8620EV
Crystal structure of a stable dimer reveals the molecular basis of
serpin polymerization p1255
Serpins are a family of proteins that can multimerize through
beta-sheet linkages. Accumulation of such multimers can give rise
to diseases such as thrombosis, cirrhosis and dementia. Although
the structure of many serpins are known, the structure of the linkage
between monomers was unclear. This work solves the crystal structure
of an antithrombin dimer. It is found that the high stability of the
serpin polymer is due to a large domain swap between beta-sheets of the
neighbouring monomers.
Masayuki Yamasaki, Wei Li, Daniel J. D. Johnson & James A. Huntington
doi:10.1038/nature07394
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8630EW
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8640EX
ROS3 is an RNA-binding protein required for DNA demethylation
in Arabidopsis p1259
In Arabidopsis, active DNA demethylation is mediated by the ROS1
subfamily of DNA glycosylases. ROS3 is identified as a regulator of
DNA demethylation and is proposed to act in the same pathway as ROS1.
ROS3 contains an RNA recognition motif and binds small RNAs, suggesting
that DNA demethylation by ROS1 might be guided by RNAs bound to ROS3.
Xianwu Zheng et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07305
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8650EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8660EZ
Structural insights into amino acid binding and gene control by a
lysine riboswitch p1263
Riboswitches are structured RNAs that can bind a ligand such as a
metabolite or nucleobase. This paper reports the structure of a
riboswitch that binds the amino acid lysine. The scaffold of the
riboswitch is preassembled, but conformational changes occur after
binding lysine that direct further changes in the RNA downstream of
the switch. Structures of the riboswitch with lysine analogues,
including an antibiotic, provide some insight the development
of resistance.
Alexander Serganov, Lili Huang & Dinshaw J. Patel
doi:10.1038/nature07326
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8670Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B8680Eb
Concurrent nucleation of 16S folding and induced fit in 30S ribosome
assembly p1268
Ribosome assembly has to be fast and efficient. This work uses a
footprinting method with high time resolution to map how the structure
of the small subunit's 16S rRNA changes as proteins assemble on it.
Although several regions of the rRNA adopt secondary structure rapidly,
both the region of the decoding site and interactions between the 5',
central and 3' regions require much more time to form, suggesting
that an induced fit reaction is occurring.
Tadepalli Adilakshmi, Deepti L. Bellur & Sarah A. Woodson
doi:10.1038/nature07298
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87A0El
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87B0Em
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p1273
The ongoing financial crisis will affect the biotechnology sector—but
the sector's used to it.
Gene Russo
doi:10.1038/nj7217-1273a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87C0En
Region
Physical impact p1274
Despite its diminutive size and modest research budget, the Netherlands
makes a major contribution to research in the physical sciences.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/nj7217-1274a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87D0Eo
Career View
Colin Lonsdale, director, Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Westford, Massachusetts p1276
'Astronomy revolutions' spur on the new director of the Haystack Observatory.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7217-1276a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87E0Ep
Sustenance for sustainability p1276
Sustainability programmes promise interdisciplinary opportunities.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7217-1276b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87F0Eq
Waiting with baboons p1276
My field research affords me ample time to ponder. It's both a gift
and a curse.
Aliza le Roux
doi:10.1038/nj7217-1276c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87G0Er
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Faux-pas, Doc p1278
Don't toy with affections.
Janett L. Grady
doi:10.1038/4551278a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0B87H0Es
----------------------
Advance Online Publication
----------------------
29 October 2008
Structure of the intact PPAR-gamma–RXR-alpha nuclear receptor complex on DNA
Vikas Chandra et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07413
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CABv0Ez
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CABw0E1
Brain metabolism dictates the polarity of astrocyte control over arterioles
Grant R. J. Gordon et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07525
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CABx0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CABy0E3
Incorporation of a non-human glycan mediates human susceptibility to a bacterial toxin
Emma Byres et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07428
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CABz0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB10Eq
A fast, robust and tunable synthetic gene oscillator
Jesse Stricker et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07389
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB20Er
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB30Es
The insect nephrocyte is a podocyte-like cell with a filtration slit diaphragm
Helen Weavers et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07526
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB40Et
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB50Eu
26 October 2008
Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions
Pankaj Dhonukshe et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07409
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB60Ev
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB70Ew
Sarcolemma-localized nNOS is required to maintain activity after mild exercise
Yvonne M. Kobayashi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07414
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CAB80Ex
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/eoVi0Xztnp0HjB0CACA0E8
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