2 October 2008 Volume 455 Number 7213, pp565-706
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----------------------
EDITORIALS
----------------------
A question of balance p565
The turmoil in the financial markets could lead to severe cost-cutting
by governments, but US politicians would do well to note the benefits
of continued support for clean energy and climate policies.
doi:10.1038/455565a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uq0Em
Life after Zerhouni pp565-566
The next NIH director must juggle stagnant budgets, unhappy grantees
and investigative lawmakers.
doi:10.1038/455565b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6ur0En
An end to secrecy p566
China's continuing openness on HIV is a welcome development and a
model for other nations.
doi:10.1038/455566a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6us0Eo
----------------------
RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS
----------------------
Evolution: Vampire genes p568
doi:10.1038/455568a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6ut0Ep
Geosciences: Carbon crunch p568
doi:10.1038/455568b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uu0Eq
Ecology: Diatoms downsize p568
doi:10.1038/455568c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uv0Er
Cancer biology: Ensuring a welcome p568
doi:10.1038/455568d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uw0Es
Geology: Primitive petrous p568
doi:10.1038/455568e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6ux0Et
Mechanics: Slippery when clean pp568-569
doi:10.1038/455568f
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uy0Eu
Planetary science: Mars lander p569
doi:10.1038/455569a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uz0Ev
Atmospheric chemistry: A chemical equator p569
doi:10.1038/455569b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u10Ei
Theoretical physics: Computing with rainbows p569
doi:10.1038/455569c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u20Ej
Chemistry: Biofuel acid test p569
doi:10.1038/455569d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u30Ek
----------------------
JOURNAL CLUB
----------------------
Journal club p569
Roger Buick
doi:10.1038/455569e
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u40El
----------------------
NEWS
----------------------
NIH soon to be leaderless pp570-571
Experts speculate about who will take charge when Zerhouni leaves.
Meredith Wadman
doi:10.1038/455570a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u50Em
Hwang work granted patent pp571
Australia criticized for issuing a patent for a method the Korean
lied about using.
David Cyranoski
doi:10.1038/455571a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u60En
Fears surface over methane leaks pp572-573
Experts work to confirm source of gas bubbling from Arctic seabed.
Quirin Schiermeier
doi:10.1038/455572a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u70Eo
Credit crunch threatens US wind-energy projects pp572-573
Tax incentives mean nothing if companies don't make enough profit.
Jeff Tollefson
doi:10.1038/455572b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6u80Ep
Ancient water sites for next rover p575
Planetary scientists shortlist top landing sites on Mars.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/455575a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vA0Ez
Teams merge for dark-energy mission pp577
Competition scrapped in favour of joint venture.
Eric Hand
doi:10.1038/455577a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vB0E1
Snapshot: How do you like your coffee? p579
Katharine Sanderson
doi:10.1038/455579a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vC0E2
World nuclear security gets welcome boost pp580
doi:10.1038/455580a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vD0E3
South Africa replaces its health minister p580
doi:10.1038/455580b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vE0E4
Falcon rocket reaches low-Earth orbit pp580-581
doi:10.1038/455580c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vF0E5
Carbon dioxide emissions rise to record levels pp581
doi:10.1038/455581a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vG0E6
US Congress approves funding bill for science pp581
doi:10.1038/455581b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vH0E7
China's first spacewalk pp581
doi:10.1038/455581c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vI0E8
Corrections pp581
doi:10.1038/455581d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vJ0EA
----------------------
NEWS FEATURES
----------------------
Military research: The Pentagon's culture wars pp583-585
What began several years ago as an attempt to recruit social
scientists to help the military has sparked a broader debate about
militarizing academia. Sharon Weinberger reports.
doi:10.1038/455583a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vK0EB
Cell therapy: Being patient pp586-588
Cell therapies are as much about the patients as they are about the
cells. Monya Baker meets two stem-cell scientists who have decided
to put people first.
doi:10.1038/455586a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vL0EC
----------------------
CORRESPONDENCE
----------------------
Don't release other people's data without their consent p589
Daniel N. Frank
doi:10.1038/455589a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vM0ED
Further reflections on how we interpret the actions of others p589
Giacomo Rizzolatti and Corrado Sinigaglia
doi:10.1038/455589b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vN0EE
Austria: Academy of Sciences states its case pp589-590
Peter Schuster and Herwig Friesinger
doi:10.1038/455589c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vO0EF
Science journals have been slow to make themselves audible p590
Wouter M. J. Achten
doi:10.1038/455590a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vP0EG
Don't forget people and specimens that make the database p590
David Campbell
doi:10.1038/455590b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vQ0EH
Religion and science: a guide for the 'perplexed' p590
Denis R. Alexander
doi:10.1038/455590c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vR0EI
Religion and science: separated by an unbridgeable chasm p590
Peter Wigley
doi:10.1038/455590d
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vS0EJ
----------------------
COMMENTARIES
----------------------
HIV immunology needs a new direction p591
Researchers need to get past the standard model of vaccine development
and focus on how immune responses are specifically tailored to
retroviruses, argue Ruslan Medzhitov and Dan Littman.
doi:10.1038/455591a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vT0EK
UK physics gets a health check p592
The field is healthy, says Bill Wakeham, but scientists need to
reclaim the intellectual ownership of research at the margins of
the discipline such as medical or atmospheric physics.
doi:10.1038/455592a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6uQ0EG
----------------------
BOOKS AND ARTS
----------------------
A fluid approach to HIV pp593-594
Karunesh Tuli reviews Unimagined Community: Sex, Networks, and AIDS
in Uganda and South Africa by Robert J. Thornton
doi:10.1038/455593a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vU0EL
Injecting trust into vaccines pp594-595
Jeff Thomas reviews Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky
Medicine, and the Search for a Cure by Paul A. Offit
doi:10.1038/455594a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vV0EM
Q&A: Creations from the cosmos p595
Artist Karel Nel works with astronomers from COSMOS, the global
Cosmic Evolution Survey that is mapping galaxies and dark matter.
Now exhibiting his work in London, he tells Nature how his view
of the Universe has changed.
Jennifer Rohn
doi:10.1038/455595a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vW0EN
Enhance your life with Nature debates p595
Nature has picked two panels of experts in science, policy and ethics
to debate research that is improving mental and physical abilities.
doi:10.1038/455595b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vX0EO
Beyond the greenhouse pp596-597
Botanic gardens are using good garden design to attract and educate
the public. Mike Maunder explains how they can thrive both as
businesses and as institutions of learning.
doi:10.1038/455596a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vY0EP
----------------------
ESSAY
----------------------
Beijing 1987: China's coming-out party pp598-599
Two decades ago, Deng Xiaoping welcomed nations to an international
meeting in Beijing. Mohamed Hassan recalls how China's leaders set out
heir plans for the nation to rejoin the world's scientific elite.
doi:10.1038/455598a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vZ0EQ
----------------------
NEWS AND VIEWS
----------------------
Sensory ecology: In sight of speciation pp601-602
Adaptation of a fish's eyes to its visual environment can bias females
to mate with different males according to their coloration. This
sensory preference can contribute to the formation of new species.
Mark Kirkpatrick and Trevor Price
doi:10.1038/455601a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6va0EX
Climate change: When did the icehouse cometh? pp602-603
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreased between
45 million and 25 million years ago, a trend accompanied by glaciation
at the poles. Modelling results suggest when and where the ice
closed in.
Stephen F. Pekar
doi:10.1038/455602a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vb0EY
Regenerative medicine: Short cut to cell replacement pp604-605
To make one differentiated cell type from another, a 'stopover' at an
undifferentiated state is often required. An alternative method
offering an efficient direct route could have implications for
disease treatment.
Robert Blelloch
doi:10.1038/455604a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vc0EZ
AIDS: Prehistory of HIV-1 pp605-606
The origin of the current AIDS pandemic has been a subject of great
interest and speculation. Viral archaeology sheds light on the
geography and timescale of the early diversification of HIV-1 in
humans.
Paul M. Sharp and Beatrice H. Hahn
doi:10.1038/455605a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vd0Ea
Applied physics: Virtues of diamond defects pp606-607
A general method for detecting nuclear magnetic resonance signals from
a single molecule has so far been elusive. Magnetic sensors that
exploit crystal imperfections in diamond might make such a method
a reality.
Michael Romalis
doi:10.1038/455606a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6ve0Eb
Neuroscience: Fragile dopamine pp607-608
Dopamine dysfunction, which is implicated in Parkinson's disease and
drug addiction, seems an unlikely culprit in fragile X syndrome. A
surprising set of findings means a rethink is required.
David Weinshenker and Stephen T. Warren
doi:10.1038/455607a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vf0Ec
----------------------
FEATURE
----------------------
The changing face of HIV in China pp609-611
HIV has advanced from high-risk groups such as intravenous drug users
to some in the general population, according to comprehensive new data
from the south of China. What needs to be done to halt its spread?
Lin Lu et al.
doi:10.1038/455609a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vg0Ed
----------------------
REVIEW
----------------------
Challenges in the development of an HIV-1 vaccine pp613-619
Dan H. Barouch
doi:10.1038/nature07352
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vh0Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vi0Ef
----------------------
BRIEF COMMUNICATION ARISING
----------------------
Photoemission kinks and phonons in cuprates ppE6-E7
D. Reznik, G. Sangiovanni, O. Gunnarsson and T. P. Devereaux
doi:10.1038/nature07364
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vj0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vk0Eh
----------------------
ARTICLES
----------------------
Speciation through sensory drive in cichlid fish pp620-626
This paper identifies the ecological and molecular basis of divergent
evolution in the visual system of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes,
leading to speciation through sensory drive without geographical
isolation.
Ole Seehausen et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07285
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vl0Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vm0Ej
In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells p627-632
This paper shows that exocrine cells of the pancreas can be converted
in vivo to insulin secreting endocrine cells. Interestingly, the
transdifferentiating cells did not have to revert to a more primitive,
pluripotent state in this process, but seemed to move directly from
one differentiated state to another.
Qiao Zhou, Juliana Brown, Andrew Kanarek, Jayaraj Rajagopal
& Douglas A. Melton
doi:10.1038/nature07314
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vn0Ek
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vo0El
Structure of the Tribolium castaneum telomerase catalytic subunit
TERT p633-637
To prevent the tips of chromosomes from becoming shorter with each
round of DNA duplication and cell division, telomerase extends the
telomere lagging strand so that it matches the full length of the
telomere leading strand. This paper presents the structure of the
catalytic subunit of telomerase. By modelling in a hybrid RNA–DNA
molecule, it is possible to visualize how the end of the DNA primer
is positioned within the enzyme's active site.
Andrew J. Gillis, Anthony P. Schuller & Emmanuel Skordalakes
doi:10.1038/nature07283
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vp0Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vq0En
----------------------
LETTERS
----------------------
An 84-MuG magnetic field in a galaxy at redshift z = 0.692 pp638-640
Arthur M. Wolfe et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07264
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vr0Eo
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vs0Ep
Clustered star formation as a natural explanation for the H-alpha
cut-off in disk galaxies pp641-643
The rate of star formation in a galaxy is often determined by the
observation of emission in the H-alpha line, which is related to the
presence of short-lived massive stars. This paper shows that a local
formulation of the concept of clustered star formation naturally leads
to a steeper radial decrease of the H-alpha surface luminosity than the
star-formation-rate surface density and that the observed H-alpha
cutoff arises naturally.
Jan Pflamm-Altenburg and Pavel Kroupa
doi:10.1038/nature07266
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vt0Eq
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vu0Er
Nanoscale magnetic sensing with an individual electronic spin in
diamond pp644-647
A naturally occurring impurity in diamond crystals, the
nitrogen-vacancy centre, has been found to have a unique, long-lived
single electron spin state that can be controlled and detected
optically. An approach to magnetic sensing by coherent control of such
diamond spins is demonstrated, and it is shown that precision
measurements of nanoTesla magnetic fields are in principle possible.
J. R. Maze et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07279
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vv0Es
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vw0Et
Nanoscale imaging magnetometry with diamond spins under ambient
conditions pp648-651
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centre, a naturally occurring impurity in
diamond crystals, has a unique, long-lived single-electron spin state
that can be controlled and detected optically. This paper demonstrates
the first steps towards a sensitive, high-resolution imaging technique
in which these diamond spins are exploited. It is shown that the
location of single NV spins can be determined with nanometre scale
resolution, at ambient conditions, using magneto-optical spin
detection.
Gopalakrishnan Balasubramanian et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07278
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vx0Eu
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vy0Ev
Thresholds for Cenozoic bipolar glaciation pp652-656
It is widely accepted that an ice-covered Antarctica first occurred
~34 million years ago, but the glacial history of the northern
hemisphere is less clear. This paper investigates the possibilities
of when the continental-scale glaciation of the north occurred with a
global climate/ice-sheet model that takes into account the long-term
decline of atmospheric CO2 levels during this period. The CO2
threshold for glaciation in the north seems to be much lower, and
so will have been crossed much later than ~34 million years ago,
suggesting that episodic northern-hemispheric ice sheets have been
possible only for the past ~25 million years.
Robert M. DeConto et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07337
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6vz0Ew
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v10Ej
Crystallographic preferred orientation of akimotoite and seismic
anisotropy of Tonga slab pp657-660
This paper presents plastic deformation experiments of polycrystalline
akimotoite. It is shown that a change develops in the crystallographic
preferred orientation pattern of akimotoite with temperature, with the
c-axis maximum parallel to the compression direction developing at
high temperature, whereas the c-axes are preferentially oriented
parallel to the shear direction or perpendicular to the compression
direction at lower temperatures.
Rei Shiraishi et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07301
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v20Ek
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v30El
Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960 pp661-664
Newly isolated HIV genome sequences from a 1960 biopsy sample from
Kinshasa are analysed in comparison with the viral sequence from 1959.
The analysis presents supporting evidence that diversification of
HIV-1 in west-Central Africa occurred long before the recognized AIDS
pandemic.
Michael Worobey et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07390
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v40Em
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v50En
Individual differences in non-verbal number acuity correlate with
maths achievement p665-668
The 'Approximate number system' (ANS), a relatively imprecise
discrimination of quantities and numbers, has been demonstrated in
cultures with no verbal counting system and even in various non human
species. Children with higher symbolic math abilities also do ANS
tasks more precisely, and do this regardless of their general verbal
IQ or visual–spatial reasoning skills.
Justin Halberda, Michèle M. M. Mazzocco & Lisa Feigenson
doi:10.1038/nature07246
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v60Eo
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v70Ep
UNC-6/netrin and its receptor UNC-5 locally exclude presynaptic
components from dendrites p669-673
In nematodes, the extracellular molecule UNC6/netrin is required both
in the vicinity of dendrites to prevent mislocalization of axonal
proteins there, and sufficient to exclude synaptic proteins from axon
terminals if artificially provided close to these. The results extend
to another extracellular protein, Wnt, and suggest that axon guidance
cues also control local exclusion of axon terminal components from
dendrites.
Vivian Y. Poon, Matthew P. Klassen & Kang Shen
doi:10.1038/nature07291
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6v80Eq
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wA0E1
STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate
immune signalling p674-678
STING is an activator of IRF3 and NF-kappaB in response to RNA and DNA
viruses. It localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and interacts with
both RIG-I and the translocon adaptor SEC61beta implicating the
translocon in innate immune signalling.
Hiroki Ishikawa & Glen N. Barber
doi:10.1038/nature07317
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wB0E2
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wC0E3
Modelling Myc inhibition as a cancer therapy p679-683
c Myc acts as oncogen in many tumours, often due to its amplification
and/or overexpression. This study investigates whether inhibition of
endogenous Myc in tumours driven by other oncogenes may also interfere
with tumour growth. This was found to be the case. Although systemic
inhibition of Myc has effects in other tissues, these were found to be
reversible, suggesting that Myc might be a valid anti cancer target.
Laura Soucek et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07260
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wD0E4
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wE0E5
Eukaryotic initiation factor 6 is rate-limiting in translation, growth
and transformation p684-688
Although two eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are known to
transmit signals to the small ribosomal subunit, it was unknown
whether an eIF served a similar function for the large ribosomal
subunit. This study shows that eIF6 communicates extracellular signals
to the 60S subunit. Cells from an eIF6 heterozygous mouse show normal
ribosome biogenesis but reduced translation, delayed cell cycle
progression, and impaired transformation.
Valentina Gandin et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07267
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wF0E6
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wG0E7
CDK targets Sae2 to control DNA-end resection and homologous
recombination p689-692
DNA can be repaired by two different mechanisms, depending on whether
a homologous template is available. Thus, homologous recombination is
restricted to S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. The activity of
cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) is also cell cycle regulated, and the
yeast CDK Cdc28 controls DNA resection, an early step of homologous
recombination. This work shows that the target of Cdc28 in regulating
DNA resection is Sae2.
Pablo Huertas, Felipe Cortés-Ledesma, Alessandro A. Sartori,
Andrés Aguilera & Stephen P. Jackson
doi:10.1038/nature07215
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wH0E8
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wI0EA
Visualizing transient events in amino-terminal autoprocessing of
HIV-1 protease pp693-696
HIV-1 protease processes the Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins into mature
structural and functional proteins. The mature protease is only active
as a dimer, with catalytic residues contributed by each subunit. The
precursor of the active protease undergoes 'maturation' via the
intramolecular cleavage of a dimeric species, but it is not clear how
this cleavage reaction occurs. The early events in N-terminal
auto-processing were visualized using NMR spectroscopy, and it was
determined that the precursor forms transient, lowly populated dimeric
encounter complexes that occupy a wide range of orientations relative
to the mature dimer. The N-terminal region makes transient intra- and
intersubunit contacts with the substrate binding site, enabling
auto-cleavage to occur when the correct dimer orientation is sampled
by the encounter complex ensemble.
Chun Tang et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07342
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wJ0EB
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wK0EC
----------------------
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
----------------------
Metabolomics: Biochemistry's new look pp697-700
Until now, metabolomics researchers have had to adapt technology
developed mainly for proteomics. But there are now solutions designed
with them in mind. Nathan Blow reports.
doi:10.1038/455697a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wL0ED
Metabolomics: Dark matter p698
doi:10.1038/455698a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wM0EE
Metabolomics: Wine-omics p699
doi:10.1038/455699a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wN0EF
Metabolomics: Table of suppliers pp701-702
doi:10.1038/455701a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wO0EG
----------------------
NATUREJOBS
----------------------
Prospect
Prospects p703
A decline in the number of junior faculty members could have serious
repercussions.
Paul Smaglik
doi:10.1038/nj7213-703a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wP0EH
Career View
Stephen Brandt, Director, Oregon Sea Grant, Corvallis, Oregon p704
Moving to tackle climate change.
Virginia Gewin
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wQ0EI
Masters of professional science p704
Defending the professional science masters.
Eleanor Babco & Carol Lynch
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704b
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wR0EJ
The coming challenge p704
My next big project.
Amanda Goh
doi:10.1038/nj7213-704c
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wS0EK
----------------------
FUTURES
----------------------
Mars is the wrong colour p706
No longer seeing red.
Ian Randal Strock
doi:10.1038/455706a
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wT0EL
----------------------
ADVANCE ONLINE PUBLICATION
----------------------
01 October 2008
Article
Early origins and evolution of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs
in animals
Andrew Grimson et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07415
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wU0EM
Letters
Squeezing and entanglement in a Bose–Einstein condensate
J. Estève, C. Gross, A. Weller, S. Giovanazzi & M. K. Oberthaler
doi:10.1038/nature07332
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wV0EN
The essential role of the CopN protein in Chlamydia pneumoniae
intracellular growth
Jin Huang, Cammie F. Lesser & Stephen Lory
doi:10.1038/nature07355
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wW0EO
Oligopotent stem cells are distributed throughout the mammalian
ocular surface
François Majo, Ariane Rochat, Michael Nicolas, Georges Abou Jaoudé
& Yann Barrandon
doi:10.1038/nature07406
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wX0EP
28 September 2008
Letters
The ectodomain of Toll-like receptor 9 is cleaved to generate a
functional receptor
Sarah E. Ewald et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07405
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wY0EQ
Stepwise chromatin remodelling by a cascade of transcription
initiation of non-coding RNAs
Kouji Hirota, Tomoichiro Miyoshi, Kazuto Kugou, Charles S. Hoffman,
Takehiko Shibata & Kunihiro Ohta
doi:10.1038/nature07348
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wZ0ER
The CRAC channel consists of a tetramer formed by Stim-induced
dimerization of Orai dimers
Aubin Penna et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07338
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wa0EY
Comprehensive mass-spectrometry-based proteome quantification of
haploid versus diploid yeast
Lyris M. F. de Godoy et al.
doi:10.1038/nature07341
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/entY0Xztnp0HjB0B6wb0EZ
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