October 2008 Volume 9 Number 10, pp 1085 - 1198
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Nature Insight Inflammation
Inflammation is our body's immediate response to damage to its tissues
and cells by pathogens or noxious stimuli such as chemicals or physical
injury. While initiation and the process of acute inflammation are
reasonably well defined, much less is known about the causes and
pathways associated with chronic inflammation. This Insight highlights
recent advances in our knowledge of the exogenous and endogenous inducers
of chronic inflammation, the inflammatory mediators and the cells that
carry out the response.
Read the Insight in the 24th July issue of Nature or access it online.
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EDITORIAL
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Time and money well spent p1085
The sometimes arduous effort that went toward securing and
distributing state government funds for broader stem cell work
should be lauded, not lamented.
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1085
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vt0EJ
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COMMENTARIES
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Immunology south of the equator in the Americas pp1087 - 1090
Gabriel A Rabinovich, Alexis M Kalergis, Norberto W Zwirner and
Wilson Savino
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1087
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vu0EK
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vv0EL
The Immunological Genome Project: networks of gene expression in
immune cells pp1091 - 1094
Tracy S P Heng et al.
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1091
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vw0EM
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vx0EN
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NEWS AND VIEWS
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Putting ThPOK in place pp1095 - 1096
ThPOK is necessary for the differentiation of CD4+ helper T cells.
Three new studies indicate that, unexpectedly, ThPOK is required only
after initial specification to the CD4+ lineage.
J Jeremiah Bell and Avinash Bhandoola
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1095
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vy0EO
RAPping production of type I interferon in pDCs through mTOR
pp1097 - 1099
The production of type I interferon-the first line of defense
against virus infection and critical for innate immunity-in
plasmacytoid dendritic cells relies on the mammalian target of
rapamycin.
Mauro Costa-Mattioli and Nahum Sonenberg
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1097
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5vz0EP
Sensing necrosis with Mincle pp1099 - 1100
The mechanisms that lead to inflammation after necrotic cell death
are poorly understood. New data show that the C-type lectin Mincle
is involved in this process.
Gordon D Brown
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1099
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v10EC
Tuberculosis: unsealing the apoptotic envelope pp1101 - 1102
Mycobacterium tuberculosis grows in macrophages but escapes these
cells by triggering their death. New findings delineate how this
pathogen controls macrophage death to favor bacterial survival and
avoid host immunity.
Steven A Porcelli and William R Jacobs Jr
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1101
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v20ED
Research Highlights p1103
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1103
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v30EE
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REVIEW
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Shouts, whispers and the kiss of death: directional secretion in T
cells pp1105 - 1111
Morgan Huse, Emily J Quann and Mark M Davis
doi:10.1038/ni.f.215
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v40EF
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v50EG
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ARTICLES
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Cascading suppression of transcriptional silencers by ThPOK seals
helper T cell fate pp1113 - 1121
The transcription factor ThPOK is required for CD4+ T cell
differentiation. Groups led by Taniuchi, Bosselut and Littman
define distinct functions for ThPOK and other transcription
factors in commitment versus specification of the CD4+ T cell lineage.
Sawako Muroi et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1650
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v60EH
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v70EI
Distinct functions for the transcription factors GATA-3 and ThPOK
during intrathymic differentiation of CD4+ T cells pp1122 - 1130
The transcription factor ThPOK is required for CD4+ T cell
differentiation. Groups led by Taniuchi, Bosselut and Littman
define distinct functions for ThPOK and other transcription
factors in commitment versus specification of the CD4+ T cell lineage.
Lie Wang et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1647
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5v80EJ
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wA0ET
ThPOK acts late in specification of the helper T cell lineage and
suppresses Runx-mediated commitment to the cytotoxic T cell lineage
pp1131 - 1139
The transcription factor ThPOK is required for CD4+ T cell
differentiation. Groups led by Taniuchi, Bosselut and Littman
define distinct functions for ThPOK and other transcription
factors in commitment versus specification of the CD4+ T cell lineage.
Takeshi Egawa and Dan R Littman
doi:10.1038/ni.1652
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wB0EU
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wC0EV
Notch2 integrates signaling by the transcription factors RBP-J and
CREB1 to promote T cell cytotoxicity pp1140 - 1147
How T cell cytotoxic activity is induced remains incompletely
defined. Yasutomo and colleagues now show that Notch2 signals,
in direct cooperation with the transcription factor CREB1, promote
granzyme B expression.
Yoichi Maekawa et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1649
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wD0EW
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wE0EX
The calcium-activated nonselective cation channel TRPM4 is essential
for the migration but not the maturation of dendritic cells
pp1148 - 1156
How calcium signaling affects dendritic cell (DC) maturation and/or
migration is unclear. Launay and colleagues show that absence of the
TRPM4 cation channel impairs DC migration but leaves DC maturation
unaltered.
Gaetan Barbet et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1648
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wF0EY
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wG0EZ
Toll-like receptor-mediated induction of type I interferon in
plasmacytoid dendritic cells requires the rapamycin-sensitive
PI(3)K-mTOR-p70S6K pathway pp1157 - 1164
The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates many essential
cellular responses. Pulendran and colleagues show that this pathway
is required for Toll-like receptor-mediated production of type I
interferon by plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Weiping Cao et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1645
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wH0Ea
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wI0Eb
Sensing of 'danger signals' and pathogen-associated molecular
patterns defines binary signaling pathways 'upstream' of Toll
pp1165 - 1170
Microbial sensors activate the Toll pathway in flies. Reichhart and
colleagues identify the serine protease Grass, which acts in parallel
with Persephone to cleave Toll-activating Spatzle in response to
Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Laure El Chamy, Vincent Leclerc, Isabelle Caldelari and Jean-Marc
Reichhart
doi:10.1038/ni.1643
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wJ0Ec
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wK0Ed
Critical function for Naip5 in inflammasome activation by a
conserved carboxy-terminal domain of flagellin pp1171 - 1178
The molecular components of inflammasomes and what they sense are
poorly defined. Vance and colleagues now show the carboxy-terminal
35 amino acids of flagellin activate the inflammasome in a
Naip5-dependent way.
Karla L Lightfield et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1646
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wL0Ee
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wM0Ef
Mincle is an ITAM-coupled activating receptor that senses damaged
cells pp1179 - 1188
The C-type lectin family member Mincle is expressed mainly on
macrophages. Saito and colleagues show that the nuclear protein
SAP130, released by dead cells, is a ligand of Mincle that drives
proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages.
Sho Yamasaki et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1651
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wN0Eg
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wO0Eh
Mycobacterium tuberculosis blocks crosslinking of annexin-1 and
apoptotic envelope formation on infected macrophages to maintain
virulence pp1189 - 1197
Virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cause necrotic death
of infected macrophages, which promotes bacterial dissemination.
Remold and colleagues demonstrate that mycobacteria inhibit formation
of the apoptotic envelope on macrophages, thus causing necrosis.
Huixian Gan et al.
doi:10.1038/ni.1654
Abstract: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wP0Ei
Article: http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wQ0Ej
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CORRIGENDUM
----------------------
Corrigendum: Differently phosphorylated forms of the cortactin
homolog HS1 mediate distinct functions in natural killer cells p1198
Boyd Butler, Diana H Kastendieck and John A Cooper
doi:10.1038/ni1008-1198
http://ealerts.nature.com/cgi-bin24/DM/y/endu0Xztnp0HjR0B5wR0Ek
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